Human Development Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Human Development explores the biological, psychological, and social changes that occur in individuals across the lifespan, from conception through old age. This course examines major theoretical perspectives and research findings related to physical growth, cognitive development, emotional regulation, social relationships, personality formation, and cultural influences. Students will analyze key milestones and challenges at each developmental stage and consider factors such as family, peers, education, and societal context in shaping human growth and behavior. Through lectures, discussions, and applied activities, learners will develop a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic processes that contribute to human development and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition by Susan C. Cloninger
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17 Chapters
2036 Verified Questions
2036 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20889
Sample Questions
Q1) A personality test which yields consistent scores on two occasions is said to be reliable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Writers and philosophers tell us about human nature. Why do we also need psychology?
A) Writers and philosophers ignore human motivation.
B) Psychology allows a systematic understanding of human nature.
C) Psychology is concerned with values, which writers and philosophers ignore.
D) Writers and philosophers ignore maladjusted personalities.
Answer: B
Q3) Rae Carlson (1971) criticized nomothetic personality research. Which of the following is included in her criticism?
A) Researchers have failed to understand individuals as whole persons.
B) Researchers have failed to use appropriate statistics.
C) Researchers have ignored theory.
D) Researchers have studied too many different kinds of people.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ego functions according to the __________ principle.
A) hedonic
B) reality
C) libidinal
D) homeostatic
Answer: B
Q2) As the infant develops from the oral erotic to the oral sadistic phase, he or she becomes increasingly passive.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The phrase "Mommy and I are one" generally has __________ effects, according to Silverman's experiments.
A) beneficial
B) harmful
C) psychosomatic
D) no
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jung, prejudice against racial minorities involves projection of the A) anima.
B) animus.
C) shadow.
D) dominant function.
Answer: C
Q2) Jung criticized people as "ego inflated" if they identify too closely with their conscious experience.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The Word Association Test can be used to identify complexes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The collective unconscious is influenced by heredity.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Adler: Individual Psychology
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research consistently supports Adler's claim that the second-born child is most favorable.
A)True B)False
Q2) Adler thought that the impact of physical handicaps on personality depends on a child's subjective experience.
A)True B)False
Q3) A superiority complex is a sign of mental health. A)True B)False
Q4) It is unhealthy to try to compensate for physical handicaps, according to Adler. A)True B)False
Q5) Adler emphasized the uniqueness of individuals, more than their shared qualities. A)True B)False
Q6) Describe a person's fundamental motivation, according to Adler.
Q7) Describe a mentally healthy personality, according to Adler.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Erikson: Psychosocial Development
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson, personality develops
A) primarily before the age of five.
B) primarily in adolescence.
C) throughout the life span, in five stages.
D) throughout the life span, in eight stages.
Q2) The stage which has been most frequently studied by researchers is the __________ stage.
A) autonomy
B) industry
C) identity
D) intimacy
Q3) In modern life, despair is inevitable among the elderly, according to Erikson.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In adolescence, a person develops a sense of fidelity to an ideology.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Erikson's theory, each stage of development has a characteristic crisis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal
Psychoanalytic
Theory
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cynicism is a social attitude, but not a defense mechanism, according to Horney.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The major reason for personality differences between men and women, according to Horney, is
A) culture.
B) hormones.
C) genetics.
D) differences in education.
Q3) The expansive solution is also called the "detached" personality
A)True
B)False
Q4) Horney described the child as experiencing the emotion of __________, which cannot be expressed because of parents' power.
A) anxiety
B) love
C) pride
D) hostility
Page 8
Q5) Discuss Horney's ideas about cultural determinants of personality and neurosis.
Q6) Discuss the impact of narcissism on individuals and relationships.
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Allport: Personological Trait Theory
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research studies of prejudice offer strong and unambiguous support for Allport's description of the low prejudice of intrinsically religious people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain how cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits are different. Give an example of each to illustrate your point.
Q3) In addition to Allport's intrinsic / extrinsic religious orientation, researchers have also investigated
A) Quest orientation
B) Immanence
C) Spirituality
D) All the above
E) None of the above
Q4) What did Allport believe about the consistency of personality?
Q5) Allport's primary interest in motivation was its past origins.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Summarize Allport's advice about eclecticism.
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattells 16
Factors and the Big Five
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cattell classified projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, as A) D-data.
B) L-data.
C) Q-data.
D) T-data.
Q2) Cattell developed his 16PF by using the statistical technique known as A) the P-technique.
B) the Q-technique.
C) ergic analysis.
D) factor analysis.
Q3) Cattell thought that __________ factors were required to make good prediction of behavior.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 16
Q4) The self-sentiment is an important erg.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the purpose of the specification equation? Explain how it is used.
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Chapter 9: Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological
Factor Theories
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best describes the influence of genetics on personality?
A) Genetics has little or no influence on personality.
B) Genetics influences serious personality disorders, but not variations in normal personality.
C) Genetics influences personality considerably, with heritability estimates of about .50.
D) The influence of genetics on personality has not been studied, so no conclusions are possible.
Q2) The left frontal lobe of the brain is more active when people are experiencing depression and anxiety, than when they are happy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Emotions are essential for social behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe differences between males and females, from an evolutionary perspective
Q5) What do we know about the influence of heredity on personality?
Page 12
Q6) What is an evolved psychological mechanism? Give two or more examples.
Q7) How do evolutionary approaches explain altruism?
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Chapter 10: The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller,
Skinner, and Staats
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss objections to Skinner's theory as a theory of personality.
Q2) Staats developed a theory called
A) behavioral psychology.
B) repertory psychoanalysis.
C) psychological behaviorism.
D) tokenism.
Q3) Miller and Dollard suggested that "in order to learn, one must __________, notice something, do something, and get something."
A) avoid something
B) see something
C) have something
D) want something
Q4) Skinner said that societies should be designed so that
A) individuals are supervised more closely.
B) reinforcements cause people to behave in ways considered desirable.
C) everyone has an equal say in how the society is governed.
D) manual labor is not necessary.
Q5) Staats devised the time-out procedure for controlling behavior.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you ask George to explain how he feels about his father, he has little to say. Yet every time his father is mentioned, he becomes tense. Kelly would explain this with his concept of A) preverbal constructs.
B) preemption.
C) hostility.
D) threat.
Q2) Explain Kelly's metaphor, "man-the-scientist."
Q3) If a person is outside the range of convenience of a construct, then the contrast pole applies to that person.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the Individuality Corollary, people differ from each other in their construction of events.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain Kelly's concept of "constructive alternativism."
Q6) Describe cognitive complexity. How is it measured? How does it influence behavior?
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Mischel and his colleagues, the effect of traits on behavior depends upon
A) the person.
B) the time of day.
C) the situation.
D) the observer.
Q2) The same outcomes are not rewarding for everyone, because people differ in their subjective stimulus values.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The term consistency paradox refers to the finding from research that people are more consistent than would be expected from personality trait theory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summarize the trait controversy and Mischel's role in it.
Q5) Describe Mischel's research on the delay of gratification. List some of his important findings.
Q6) Explain the term "consistency paradox." Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A coach may offer a prize for the most-improved player of the season. This would affect learning because of
A) attentional processes.
B) motor reproduction processes.
C) retention processes.
D) motivational processes.
Q2) A baseball player who repeatedly practices batting a ball, trying to improve, is working on the __________ phase of learning.
A) attentional
B) retention
C) motor reproduction
D) motivational
Q3) Bandura recommends that self-efficacy should be measured
A) globally.
B) separately for each area of behavior.
C) by projective tests.
D) by an interview.
Q4) According to Bandura, people automatically model what they have observed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most people find Rogers's theory very pessimistic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The real self and the ideal self become more similar after therapy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Rogers's therapeutic techniques followed the medical model of treatment like other therapies of the day.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Friends can facilitate healthy psychological growth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When people are unhealthy, immature or criminals, Rogers blamed
A) them for a lack of will power.
B) bad genetic influences.
C) social forces.
D) their parents.
Q6) Describe the sort of environment that encourages the development of creativity, according to Rogers.
Page 18
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Chapter 15: Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maslow envisioned a next stage in the development of psychology. This "fourth" stage would be concerned with __________ issues.
A) transpersonal
B) supernatural
C) social
D) neurological
Q2) In order of their emergence, the needs in Maslow's hierarchy are
A) physiological, safety, esteem, love, self-actualization.
B) physiological, esteem, safety, love, self-actualization.
C) physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
D) safety, physiological, love, esteem, self-actualization.
Q3) Which of the following is not a characteristic of self-actualized people?
A) enculturation
B) spontaneity
C) creativity
D) need for privacy
Q4) Compare intrinsic motivation and positive psychology with Maslow's theoretical concepts.
Q6) Discuss the role of values in Maslow's challenge to scientific psychology. Page 19
Q5) How common is self-actualization? What prevents it from being universal?
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Page 20
Chapter 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Talk about the importance of meditation to Buddhism. Discuss the process of meditation and some of the different types of meditation.
Q2) Aspects of meditation have been incorporated into Dialectical Behavior Therapy used to treat people with _____.
A) schizophrenia
B) anxiety disorders
C) borderline personality disorder
D) depression
Q3) According to Buddhism, which of the following emotions can interfere with one's accurate perception of reality?
A) anger
B) love
C) passion
D) all of these
Q4) The idea of dependent origination in Buddhism means that we should be dependent on ourselves.
A)True
B)False
Page 21
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Chapter 17: Conclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and describe three metaphors that have been applied to personality.
Q2) It is always desirable to have comprehensive, rather than limited-range, theories.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the term "paradigm." How does a paradigm influence research?
Q4) A pluralistic perspective attempts to combine diverse theories into one unified, systematic whole.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Mystical beliefs in experience that includes more than the individual ego are most closely associated with the __________ metaphor.
A) information processing
B) transcendent self
C) mechanistic
D) organic
Q6) The mechanistic metaphor underlies Freudian and behavioristic theory.
A)True
B)False
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