Human Development
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Human Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of individuals across the lifespan, from conception through old age. This course examines key theories and research in developmental psychology, highlighting milestones and challenges unique to each stage of life. Topics include the influence of genetics and environment, language acquisition, moral development, identity formation, and the impact of culture on development. Students gain an understanding of how biological and contextual factors shape human behavior and learn to apply developmental principles to real-world situations in educational, clinical, and social contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development A Cultural Approach 1st Edition by Jeffrey J. Arnett
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13 Chapters
4180 Verified Questions
4180 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development
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330 Verified Questions
330 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was one of the ways that Erikson's theory differed from Freud's theory? Erikson believed that _____.
A)sexuality was even more important than Freud did
B)personality was set at birth,while Freud thought that it was completed by age 6
C)development continued throughout the lifespan,and Freud believed that only the early years were important
D)biological factors were more important in terms of development,and Freud believed that culture was more important
Answer: C
Q2) Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory focuses on ____ that shape human development in the social environment.
A)biological factors
B)genetic inputs
C)instinctive drive
D)multiple influences
Answer: D
Q3) What are the components of SES?
Answer: education level,income and occupational status
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3
Chapter 2: Genetics and Prenatal Development
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334 Verified Questions
334 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was not mentioned by the American expectant mother as part of the routine visits to her doctor?
A)cardiovascular check
B)blood pressure check
C)weight check
D)measure fundal height
Answer: A
Q2) Your older brother has a friend who was angry with his wife because they have two sons and he wanted to have a daughter.He thought that she was responsible for having two boys rather than a boy and a girl.What would you tell your brother?
A)His friend was
B)It was not anyone's "fault," but the sperm determined the sex of the offspring.
C)It was not anyone's "fault" even though her ova determined the sex of the offspring.
D)Sex of the offspring is determined by day of the week.They both should have known what day they were trying to conceive.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Child
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323 Verified Questions
323 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Low birth weight babies in either developed or developing countries are most likely to be born to parents who have the ____.
A)highest socio-economic status
B)fewest resources
C)least educational status
D)most children
Answer: B
Q2) What was the name of the method used to heavily medicate women in labor so that they became less inhibited,which helped her to relax and promoted cervical dilation?
A)Twilight Sleep
B)drug-induced coma
C)hypnosis
D)labor napping
Answer: A
Q3) Give one reason that a woman would deliver by c-section (not including convenience of scheduling).
Answer: Failure to progress or a breech birth are two reasons for a c-section.
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Chapter 4: Infancy
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293 Verified Questions
293 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Growth and development in infancy proceeds from the head downward,which is known as the ____.
A)head first,body second principle
B)cephalocaudal principle
C)proximodistal principle
D)top-down principle
Q2) Chess and Thomas (1984)classified the infants into their three categories and then followed these infants as they developed into adulthood.What did they find?
A)It was impossible to predict later development from infant temperament.
B)Infant personality factors were very important until adolescence.
C)Temperament in infancy predicted later development.
D)Infant personality factors were extremely important in late adulthood.
Q3) Sadness is relatively rare in the first year of life except for ____.
A)infants who were born premature
B)infants with depressed mothers
C)infants with "difficult" personalities
D)infants with parents who abuse substances
Q4) How do researchers determine whether babies can tell the difference between two stimuli given that their young subjects are not able to tell them?
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Chapter 5: Toddlerhood
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308 Verified Questions
308 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the infant becomes a toddler,the relationship between the younger and older sibling changes.On the positive side,the relationship improves because ____.
A)the older sibling becomes interested in playing with the younger sibling
B)the toddler passively watches the older sibling play
C)the older sibling becomes the babysitter
D)the toddler does whatever the older sibling wants
Q2) Which of the following gave Homo sapiens a clear evolutionary advantage?
A)sense of smell
B)language
C)keen vision
D)strong hearing
Q3) Describe two milestones of gross motor development in toddlerhood.
Q4) There is an evolutionary basis for the development of stranger anxiety.Learning to stay close to familiar persons helps infants to ____.
A)not be abducted by strangers
B)not follow unfamiliar people so that they become lost
C)be protected and safe
D)learn object discrimination
Q5) Define and give an example of scaffolding.
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Chapter 6: Early Childhood
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319 Verified Questions
319 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What group of United States children is more likely to be more independent and socially confident?
A)children who are from families who had parents who were professionals
B)children from affluent families
C)children who attend preschool
D)children from low-income families
Q2) How does motor development change between ages 3-6?
A)Children's fine motor skills become refined,but their gross motor skills remain the same as they were in toddlerhood.
B)Children's fine motor skills have been found to develop at the same rate all over the world.
C)Children develop the same motor skills at the same pace,regardless of gender.
D)Fine motor skill development allows children to become more independent by doing things such as dressing and feeding themselves.
Q3) Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development has ____ substages.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Middle Childhood
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352 Verified Questions
352 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Would you say that the Attention-deficit-hyperactivity Disorder Observational Research in Europe (ADORE)study made a significant contribution to this area of research? Why or why not? What was one finding?
Q2) In a study that examined gender roles in 12 traditional cultures,same-gender play groups occurred in about 30 to 40% of 2- to 3-year-olds,but occurred in what percentage in middle childhood?
A)12%
B)remained the same at 30 to 40%
C)72%
D)94%
Q3) From toddlerhood through middle childhood,the development of math skills follows a path parallel to the development of ____ and ____.
A)language; reading skills
B)sensation; perception
C)the preoperational stage; concrete operations
D)hypothetical reasoning; deductive reasoning
Q4) Overall,how would researchers characterize the period of middle childhood in terms of health and safety? Explain,using at least one example to address illness and one to address injuries.
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Chapter 8: Adolescence
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329 Verified Questions
329 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is another name for electronic bullying?
A)Internet bullying
B)cell phone bullying
C)text bullying
D)cyberbullying
Q2) You recently were watching your younger sister,who is 13 years old,try to figure out why her cell phone was not working.You were fascinated by the systematic problem-solving strategies that she was using.You remember just a few months ago she would not have been able to perform at this level of hypothesis testing.According to Piaget,what type of reasoning is she using?
A)random operations
B)haphazard trial and error processing
C)discrete trial learning
D)hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Q3) Adolescents in developed countries who work part-time
A)are less likely to use drugs and alcohol than their nonworking counterparts.
B)have higher grades in school than other students.
C)usually contribute the majority of their earnings to support the household income.
D)do not typically see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Emerging Adulthood
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333 Verified Questions
333 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of American emerging adults reported believing in God?
A)65%
B)75%
C)85%
D)95%
Q2) According to Wayne Osgood (2009),all deviance can be explained on the basis of
A)propensity and opportunity for deviance
B)personality for and inability to control deviance
C)temperament for and social reinforcers for deviance
D)genetics for and an environmental upbringing for deviance
Q3) Those emerging adults who remain virgins because they have chosen to wait rather than because they had no opportunity for sex are referred to as ____.
A)accidental abstainers
B)active abstainers
C)sexual objectors
D)religious conservatives
Q4) Is emerging adulthood a universal period of human development? Why or why not?
Q5) What role does family/parents play in an emerging adult's views on higher education?
11
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Chapter 10: Young Adulthood
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296 Verified Questions
296 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a dowry? Are there any customs in Western countries that seem to be influenced by dowries today?
Q2) Minke has an antique restoration business and has a great ability to envision a piece of junk as a restored final masterpiece.Throughout his life he has always tinkered with innovative ideas and has always invented new products.It is clear that Minke possesses high ____.
A)concreteness
B)objectiveness
C)congestion
D)creativity
Q3) Erikson thought that intimacy was not possible until an individual
A)reached sexual maturity.
B)developed an independent lifestyle.
C)had a fairly stable personal identity.
D)possessed formal operational thinking.
Q4) In Europe,Canada,and the United States ____ births are to single mothers.
A)1 in 8
B)1 in 4
C)1 in 3
D)1 in 2
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Chapter 11: Middle Adulthood
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338 Verified Questions
338 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research (Arts,Gijselaers,and Boshuizen,2006)experts are not only more automatic in their problem-solving than novices,they are also ____.
A)less formal and strategic
B)less cautious and conservative
C)more flexible and creative
D)more knowledgeable and contemplative
Q2) In regard to self-concept,which of the following is most consistent with an individual who possesses a high degree of self-acceptance?
A)an individual with a single dimensional self who lacks an appreciation or knowledge of who they really are
B)an individual who is less concerned with other's assessments of them than when they were younger and who is more inclined to assess him- or herself according to self-defined standards
C)an individual who sees him- or herself as being able to handle a variety of roles and responsibilities effectively
D)Aa individual who is aware and accepting of having a mix of good and bad characteristics,but overall feels more positive
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Late Adulthood
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341 Verified Questions
341 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of memory is involved when an individual remembers how to perform a task or activity involving motor skills?
A)task memory
B)procedural memory
C)instructional memory
D)performance memory
Q2) Body weight decline,mainly from eating less due to changes in the hormones that regulate hunger,is considered ____.
A)primary aging
B)secondary aging
C)tertiary aging
D)vertical aging
Q3) Caregivers for patients with Alzheimer's disease have a higher than normal rate of ____.
A)depression
B)anxiety
C)hypertension
D)diabetes
Q4) Describe two eye problems that are more likely to develop as people age.
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Chapter 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs
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284 Verified Questions
284 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your grandfather died a month ago.Your grandmother is having a great deal of trouble coping with his death.She is experiencing ____.
A)bereavement
B)grief
C)depression
D)anxiety
Q2) Describe one similarity in afterlife beliefs across religions.Choose two religions and give specific examples of their afterlife beliefs.
Q3) If you were a 45-year-old man living in Africa,what would be your most likely cause of death? How does this compare to the most likely cause of death for 45-year-old men living in a developed country such as Canada?
Q4) In the remembrance of a loved one in Hinduism,Yama is ____.
A)the god of the second world
B)the god of the living
C)the god of nature
D)the god of the dead
Q5) Describe one area of research that has shown promise in reducing some of the physiological effects of aging.
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