Course Introduction
Human Development
Exam Materials
Human Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes individuals experience throughout the lifespan from infancy through old age. This course examines major theories and research findings in the field, highlighting the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and environmental factors that shape development. Students will gain an understanding of key developmental milestones, the role of culture and context, and the implications of developmental processes for education, health, and well-being. The course encourages critical thinking about how individuals grow and adapt across different stages of life.
Recommended Textbook
The Journey of Adulthood 7th Edition by Barbara R. Bjorklund
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12 Chapters
846 Verified Questions
846 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Adult Development
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/78216
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most common instruments to gather data is a personal interview. Which of the following questions/statements might a researcher ask in a structured interview?
A) If you could have the perfect job, what would it be?
B) Describe a time when you communicated some unpleasant news or feelings to a friend. What happened?
C) Would your spouse describe you as a warm fuzzy or a cold prickly?
D) Think of a day when you had many things to do and describe how you scheduled your time.
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher finds in a longitudinal study that her subjects are significantly more open to new experiences at age 50 than they were at 30. This change might reflect
A) a cohort difference
B) age-related change
C) a developmental change
D) either b or c
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Physical Changes
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your 70-year-old father recently mentioned to you that he no longer enjoys driving at night because of glare from the headlights of oncoming traffic. Having taken this course, you are not surprised. Based on the information in the text, what other activities may prove problematic for him?
A) reading road signs at night
B) finding a seat at the afternoon softball game
C) ordering at McDonald's
D) all of the above
Answer: A
Q2) The most common symptom associated with menopause is _______.
A) anxiety
B) depression
C) hot flashes
D) headaches
Answer: C
Q3) Primary aging is affected by many individual differences. Illustrate how certain genetic predispositions might affect your aging process, use at least one member of your family as a comparative example.
Answer: Not Answer
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Health and Health Disorders
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would keep a person over 60 from seeking help for a disorder?
A) false stereotypes of aging
B) self-sufficiency
C) a desire to keep problems to him- or herself
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Bee and Bjorkland report that the adage "to be old is to be sick" is no longer true due to _______.
A) increases in health practices
B) decreases in many diseases
C) increases in sedentary lifestyles
D) both a and b
Answer: D
Q3) One major sex difference in health experiences over adulthood is that _______.
A) women have higher rates of nearly all chronic diseases
B) men have higher rates of nearly all chronic diseases
C) when women contract a fatal disease, they die more quickly
D) men report higher rates of daily health problems at all ages
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Cognitive Abilities
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exercise has ____ effect on intellectual skill.
A) a negative
B) a minimal
C) no measurable
D) a positive
Q2) The latest research on age-related changes in judgment and decision-making suggests that older adults utilize less information and take less time to make their choices (when compared to younger adults). However, there were NO differences in the choices made. The authors suggest that this is because _______.
A) older adults utilize better inductive reasoning
B) older adults better utilize deductive reasoning skills
C) younger adults base their decisions on intuition
D) younger adults better utilize their procedural memories
Q3) Which of the following would be considered a measure of crystallized intelligence?
A) a vocabulary test
B) a test of spatial ability
C) an analogies test
D) a measure of abstract reasoning
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Chapter 5: Social Roles
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have consistently found that married adults are happier and less likely to show emotional disturbance than are unmarried adults. Describe two possible explanations for this pattern, and indicate which of the two you consider to be the better explanation and why.
Q2) The concept of gender role crossover suggests that at some point in the life cycle, men begin to take on aspects of the women's role and women take on aspects of the men's role. At what stage does Gutmann think this occurs?
A) newlywed couples
B) young couples with infants
C) couples with school-aged children
D) couples in the postparental stage
Q3) Which subgroup of adults is most likely to take on the role of regular caregiver to an aging parent?
A) daughters and daughters-in-law
B) sons and sons-in-law
C) daughters and her children
D) daughters and sons equally
Q4) List and describe three sources of gender stereotyping.
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Chapter 6: Social Relationships
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Theorists of attachment suggest that in childhood we each create a sort of template of relationships that is applied to later interactions. Such a template is called _______.
A) an attachment model
B) an insecure attachment
C) a secure attachment
D) an internal working model
Q2) Longitudinal studies of long-term marriages suggest that __________.
A) the great majority of marriages show a U-shaped pattern: high satisfaction in the early and late years, low satisfaction in the middle years
B) the great majority of marriages show an inverted U pattern: low satisfaction in the early and late years, high satisfaction in the middle years
C) the great majority of marriages show one stable pattern or another: consistently happy, consistently neutral, or consistently negative
D) some marriages show a typical curvilinear pattern; others show consistency
Q3) What do theorists mean by an internal working model of attachment? How might such a model affect an adult's relationships-with parents, with partner, with friends? Cite relevant data where available.
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Chapter 7: Work and Retirement
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Critics of Holland's theory argue that those adults who find a job that matches their vocational interests _______.
A) will be more successful at their jobs
B) discover that the match does not predict achievement
C) discover that the match does not lead to greater job satisfaction
D) discover that the match does predict staying in a job long term
Q2) Why would work satisfaction rise with age? Make sure to include relevant research.
Q3) Your text advises three strategies for coping with conflict and strain; list and describe these suggestions.
Q4) Briefly describe three factors that influence a young person's choice of a career or job.
Q5) Our jobs occupy a hefty portion of our time, our thoughts, and our emotions. They determine in large part where we live, how well we live, and with whom we spend time-even after working hours. On another level, our jobs provide a good deal of our identity and self-esteem. If you could change one aspect of work in America, what would it be and provide a rationale for your choice.
Q6) Compare and contrast the effects of divorce and the effect of job loss on adult functioning.
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Chapter 8: Personality
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81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List several strengths and several weaknesses of stage theories of adulthood.
Q2) An adult says: "I've been independent from my parents for a long time now, supporting myself and my family, out there in the world being a grownup. It's only recently that I realized that I'm still dependent on my parents in other ways-that I'm not really a grownup yet." What stage or level does such thinking reflect in Loevinger's model?
A) conformist stage
B) individualistic level
C) integrated stage
D) self-protective stage
Q3) Behavior geneticists estimate that between _____ and _____ percent of the variation in personality can be accounted for by genetic differences.
A) 20; 30
B) 40; 60
C) 10; 30
D) 60; 80
Q4) Describe the major changes in personality that appear to occur between early and middle adulthood, and give at least one research example to illustrate each change.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Quest for Meaning
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "There are lots of ways to think about God and to understand God. My own way satisfies me, but I accept the fact that there are other approaches that work for other people." Which of Fowler's stages of faith does this statement reflect?
A) synthetic-conventional
B) individuative-reflective
C) conjunctive
D) universalizing
Q2) "I grew up in the Baptist church, but when I went off to college, I really had to question all the ideas I'd been given as a child and as a teenager. For a while I called myself an atheist. But now I find myself drawn back to the Baptists. It just seems to me that the church offers answers to questions I've been asking myself." Which of Fowler's stages of faith does this statement most reflect?
A) synthetic-conventional
B) individuative-reflective
C) conjunctive
D) universalizing
Q3) Briefly describe Carol Gilligan's central argument against Kohlberg's model of moral development. How do you evaluate her argument?
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11
Chapter 10: Stress, Coping, and Resilience
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) 10-48. You are about to be divorced and have just read this chapter. Based on your reading, what plans or arrangements might you make to mitigate the negative effects of the divorce process?
Q2) The collection of relationships a person has at any one time with family members and friends is called _______.
A) social support
B) social network
C) attachment network
D) appraisal system
Q3) 10-11. Holmes & Rahe (1967) argue that ____ change requires adaptation.
A) positive
B) negative
C) sporadic
D) any
Q4) 10-31. Religious coping to reduce stress relies upon _____.
A) finding a meaning in suffering
B) achieving a sense of control by trusting God
C) gaining social solidarity with others who share beliefs
D) all of the above
Q5) 10-54. Evaluate the idea that stress may sometimes have beneficial effects.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Death and Bereavement
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marshall and Levy suggest that 2 important functions of rituals are _______.
A) venting and rituals
B) rituals and mourning
C) control and meaningfulness
D) mourning and meaningfulness
Q2) The sequence of 5 stages of responses to dying, according to Kübler -Ross's theory, is _______.
A) anger, denial, depression, bargaining, acceptance
B) anger, denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance
C) denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
D) denial, anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance
Q3) Wenda Yuan-si, a 42 year old Chinese-American technology consultant, decided it was time to finalize some things that he has long put off. Wenda made out his Last Will and Testament, and he bought life insurance. His actions are typical of what process?
A) reminiscence
B) finitude
C) living wills
D) adaption
Q4) Describe the major functions of funerals and other rituals surrounding death.
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Chapter 12: The Successful Journey
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Bradburn's (1969) concept of affect balance. What effect does affect balance have on life satisfaction?
Q2) Butler (1963) argued that in old age we all go through a "life review." Define what he meant by this term and discuss whether his argument is valid or not.
Q3) Which of the following is likely to coincide with a high level of marital satisfaction in an adult following a normative sequence?
A) birth of the first child
B) high work satisfaction
C) disengagement from non-family social roles
D) rapid work advancement
Q4) Describe the period of adulthood from age forty to age sixty-five. What are its key features? What makes this period different from those that come before or after?
Q5) "The best part of adult life is the years from about age fifty to age sixty-five. These years are truly the flowering of adulthood." Evaluate this statement.
Q6) What is meant by the "social clock" and the "biological clock"? How do these two processes interact across the adult years?
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Page 14