Human Development
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Human Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of individuals from conception through old age. This course examines major theories and research findings related to developmental stages, individual differences, and the influence of culture, family, and environment on growth. Students will analyze developmental milestones, understand the effects of biological and environmental factors, and evaluate how these processes shape behaviors across the lifespan. Emphasis is placed on applying developmental concepts to real-world situations and understanding variations in development among diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook Psychology and Your Life 2nd Edition by Robert S. Feldman
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12 Chapters
1292 Verified Questions
1292 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the subfield of psychology that mainly examines how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior.
Answer: Behavioral neuroscience
Explanation: Behavioral neuroscience
Neuroscientists consider how our bodies influence our behavior.
Q2) Describe the basic goals of psychology and include examples of each goal.
Answer: The basic goals of psychology are to describe,predict,explain human behavior and mental processes,as well as improve the lives of people.When you describe behavior you are setting up the stage for reasonable and acceptable explanations for why people do what they do.The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior,so,you want to know how people have responded in the past to know how they will likely behave in the future.You need to explain behavior and mental processes so that someone else can have insight into your world.Finally,the most important aspect is to help improve people's lives.The whole concept of psychology is to identify and treat problems so that people experience more fulfilling lives.
Q3) Procedures that subject animals to distress are never permitted in research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior Concepts
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96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ are chemicals that circulate through the blood and regulate the functioning or growth of the body.
Answer: Hormones
Explanation: Hormones
Hormones are in charge of regulating the functioning or growth of the body.
Q2) Neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior,but also when a person observes another individual carrying out the same behavior,are known as
Answer: mirror neurons
Explanation: mirror neurons
Mirror neurons have been identified within the last decade,and show that people fire when they are observing others carrying out a behavior.
Q3) It has been hypothesized that ________________ of dopamine produces negative consequences in a person,such as schizophrenia.
Answer: overproduction
Explanation: overproduction
Overproduction of dopamine has been directly linked to schizophrenia.
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rods are thin,cylindrical receptor cells that are highly sensitive to light.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Perception is the brain's and the sense organs' sorting out,interpretation,analysis,and integration of stimuli.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) When light energy strikes the rods and cones,it triggers a neural response that moves out of the back of the eyeball and into the brain through a bundle of ganglion axons called the _______________.
Answer: optic nerve
Explanation: optic nerve
The optic nerve is composed of a bundle of ganglion axons that help with vision.
Q4) Trichromatic mechanisms work within the ______________.
Answer: retina
Explanation: retina
Trichromatic mechanisms work to help us see color.It is directly processed in the retina.
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Chapter 4: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The biological process that occurs regularly on approximately a 24-hour cycle is called the body's _______________ rhythms.
Q2) Explain why people take illegal drugs.
Q3) If Susan is sleeping and her alarm goes off,but she cannot hear it and does not move,then she is likely in which stage of sleep?
A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4
Q4) The key to meditation is concentrating on something so strongly that you are transcended to another universe.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The ______________ theory says that dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep.
Q6) Marijuana is a drug known as a hallucinogen.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Learning
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103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A stimulus that becomes reinforcing because of its association with a primary reinforcer is called a secondary reinforcer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When a conditioned response follows a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus it is called stimulus ________________.
Q3) A ______________-interval schedule is a schedule by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than being set.
A)fixed
B)variable
C)partial
D)continuous
Q4) Habituation is showing excitement each time you see a stimulus,regardless of the amount of exposure you have been given.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the social cognitive approach to learning and who created this theory?
Q6) A response that is natural and needs no training is called a(n)_______________.
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Chapter 6: Thinking, Memory, Cognition, and Language
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113 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the concept of schemas in terms of memory.
Q2) If done properly,there will be no major obstacles to problem solving at each of the three major stages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Memory for factual information such as names,faces,dates,and facts is known as ___________ memory.
Q4) Explain the potential reasons for forgetting?
Q5) Culture has nothing to do with the way people frame information initially,how much they practice learning and recalling it,and the strategies they use to try to recall it.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short-term memory is called ______________.
A)processing
B)chunking
C)rehearsal
D)memory
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Chapter 7: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ motivation causes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment,rather than for any concrete,tangible reward that it will bring to us.
Q2) The view that premarital sex is permissible for males but not for females is called the _____________.
Q3) According to ____________ theory,newborns are born with the behaviors essential to their survival.
Q4) __________ are feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior.
A)Emotions
B)Feelings
C)Motivations
D)Inner thoughts
Q5) Intrinsic motivation causes us to do something for money,a grade,or some other concrete,tangible reward.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ____________ is the rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body.
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Chapter 8: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research that traces the behavior of one or more participants as the participants age is known as ___________ research.
A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)sequential
D)bilateral
Q2) A developing individual,from eight weeks after conception until birth,is called a(n)___________.
Q3) A disease that gets its name from the abnormally shaped red blood cells it causes,and that creates episodes of pain,yellowish eyes,stunted growth,and vision problems,is known as ____________.
Q4) In the ____________ theory of aging,aging produces a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical,psychological,and social levels.
A)disengagement
B)disagreement
C)anti-aging
D)activity
Q5) Explain what happens in the embryonic period of development.
Q6) In the nature via nurture issue,nurture refers to _________________.
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Chapter 9: Personality and Individual Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Standard measures devised to assess behavior objectively,used by psychologists to help people make decisions about their lives and understand more about themselves,are called ___________________.
Q2) The process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible,imitating that person's behavior and adopting similar beliefs and values,is known as ______________.
A)copying
B)assimilating
C)identification
D)identity assumption
Q3) A method of gathering data about people by asking them questions about a sample of their behavior is known as a(n)____________ measure.
A)self-report
B)psychological
C)cognitive
D)emotional
Q4) A statistical method of identifying associations among a large number of variables to reveal more general patterns is called _____________.
Q5) Explain the first formal intelligence tests in terms of development and usage.
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Chapter 10: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A disorder in which a significant,selective memory loss occurs is known as __________.
Q2) The _______________ perspective goes beyond only considering external behavior,as in traditional approaches.This approach assumes that people's thoughts and beliefs are central to a person's abnormal behavior.
Q3) How does the medical perspective apply to the theories of abnormal behavior?
Q4) The __________ perspective suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior,the fundamental cause will be found through a physical examination of the individual.
Q5) The diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is controversial and some clinicians do not think it exists at all.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and sometimes assumes a new identity is called ______________.
A)dissociative amnesia
B)dissociative identity disorder
C)dissociative fugue
D)mood disorder
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jane has entered treatment for substance abuse issues.Part of her treatment includes meeting with other people who have the same substance abuse issues.Jane is likely engaging in ______________ therapy.
A)humanistic
B)group
C)interpersonal
D)psychodynamic
Q2) The behavioral technique of exposure allows the maladaptive response of anxiety or avoidance to extinguish.Research shows that this approach is generally as effective as systematic desensitization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the behavioral treatment approach to therapy.
Q4) In Freudian theory the transfer of feelings of love or anger to a psychoanalyst is called __________.
Q5) _____________ is a behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted,either suddenly or gradually,with a stimulus that they fear.
Q6) Explain rational-emotive behavior therapy,and name who created this theory.
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts is called ____________.
A)behavior conflict
B)attitude conflict
C)behavioral dissonance
D)cognitive dissonance
Q2) The tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself,even when meeting them for the first time,is known as _________________.
A)assumed-similarity bias
B)halo effect
C)self-serving bias
D)fundamental attribution error
Q3) Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors are called _____________ of behavior.
A)attributions
B)situational causes
C)dispositional causes
D)causes
Q4) Explain the not-so-free sample technique.
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