Human Development
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Human Development is an interdisciplinary course that explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of individuals across the lifespan. It examines key theories and research findings from infancy through old age, considering how biological, psychological, and cultural factors interact to shape development. The course covers major milestones in each life stage, addresses topics such as identity formation, language acquisition, and moral reasoning, and encourages critical analysis of developmental challenges and opportunities in diverse contexts. Students will apply their understanding to real-world scenarios, deepening their appreciation of the complexity of human growth and change.
Recommended Textbook
Children and Their Development 6th Edition by
Robert V. Kail
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2709 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Structured observations may be difficult to use with behaviors that are rare or that typically occur in private settings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Weaknesses of longitudinal studies include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)cohort effects.
B)selective attrition.
C)practice effects.
D)inability to examine individual development over time.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is a strength associated with measures that sample behavior with tasks?
A)Children's behavior is seen as it occurs naturally.
B)They almost always validly represent real-life behaviors.
C)They are convenient to use.
D)They assure representative sampling.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Genetic Bases of Child Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Benji has the genotype for phenylketonuria.Which of the following statements is true?
A)Benji will be mentally retarded.
B)Benji's phenylketonuria is not likely to surface until he reaches middle age.
C)If Benji avoids consuming phenylalanine,he will have normal intelligence.
D)Benji has a high likelihood of having an older mother.
Answer: C
Q2) Your friends Shania and Ricky are expecting a baby.Both Shania and Ricky are farsighted and have cheek dimples.Shania and Ricky have said that they hope that their baby won't need to wear glasses or have cheek dimples because they both hate their glasses and dimples.What can you tell them about genetic inheritance and the likelihood that they will get their wish?
Answer: A good answer will be similar to the following: You can tell Shania and Ricky that both farsightedness and cheek dimples are dominant traits.That means that an individual who is heterozygous with one dominant allele and one recessive allele will still show the dominant trait.Given that both Shania and Ricky show the dominant traits,they both must have at least one allele for the dominant trait,so the likelihood that their baby will NOT have the dominant traits of farsightedness and cheek dimples is small.
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn
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Sample Questions
Q1) The incidence of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome is highest for women in their A)teens.
B)twenties.
C)thirties.
D)forties.
Answer: D
Q2) Events set in motion when a teenage girl gives birth that make it harder for her to provide an environment that's positive for her child's development are known as A)social selections.
B)social influences.
C)sociocultural theories.
D)sociocultural events.
Answer: B
Q3) The transition phase of Stage 1 of labor is the most painful part of labor.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Growth and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fat accumulates rapidly
A)only during infancy.
B)during infancy and the preschool years.
C)during the preschool years and adolescence.
D)during infancy and adolescence.
Q2) Average heights
A)vary from country to country.
B)have been decreasing over the last 100 years.
C)stay the same from generation to generation.
D)have a wider range than normal heights.
Q3) The production of neurons
A)is not complete until the child is in school.
B)involves producing many more neurons than necessary.
C)does not begin until after birth.
D)is very slow and gradual.
Q4) Bottle-fed babies make the transition to solid food more easily than breast-fed babies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the characteristics of malnourishment and how should it be treated?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Perceptual and Motor Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Experts recommend that physical education classes in school should
A)put more emphasis on team sports,such as touch football (to encourage teamwork).
B)put more emphasis on winning instead of skill development (to encourage competition and success).
C)put more emphasis on individual activities,such as walking,running,and swimming (to encourage lifetime physical fitness).
D)be limited to once a week,because United States children are already very physically fit.
Q2) Who is performing a fine-motor skill?
A)Johnny,who is walking
B)Guy,who is rolling over
C)Vincent,who is scribbling with a pencil
D)Juan,who is playing soccer
Q3) Adult coaches should
A)criticize the players.
B)emphasize winning over skill development.
C)have very high expectations for the children.
D)coach positively with praise for the children.
Q4) Discuss what is known about infant visual acuity and color perception.
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Chapter 6: Theories of Cognitive Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concepts of scaffolding,private speech,and the zone of proximal development are most closely associated with A)Piaget.
B)Vygotsky.
C)neo-Piagetian theories.
D)the theory of mind.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of formal operational thinking? This question was not numbered and the first word was incomplete,so all of the question numbers changed when it was fixed.
--KM
Thanks! So,this will need to be correct in the TAG?
~KHB
A)abstract thinking
B)hypothetical reasoning
C)deductive reasoning
D)centration
Q3) Most children in Western cultures have well-defined ideas about what "essences" are.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT correct about the development of effective problem solving?
A)Children tend to become less effective problem solvers as they get older.
B)Even young children sometimes show remarkable problem-solving skill.
C)Even though problem-solving skill improves with age,adolescents can be error prone.
D)Children tend to solve problems more often with age.
Q2) Preschool children typically use which of the following memory strategies?
A)they organize to-be-remembered information
B)they use rehearsal
C)they use elaboration.
D)they touch objects that they are asked to remember
Q3) According to Siegler's overlapping waves model,children use multiple strategies to solve problems,and oer time,these strategies are faster,more accurate,and take less effort.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Young babies can remember events only for a few minutes or hours.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with high intrapersonal intelligence are good at identifying different feelings,moods,motivations,and intentions in others.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Dr.Jones claims that there is a g,a general factor for intelligence.In an effort to support his claim,he gave several different tests to many people.Which of the following results would support his claim?
A)if individual performances were inconsistent across tests
B)if individual performances were consistent across tests
C)if when people's scores were averaged across tests,everyone received about the same average score
D)if individuals showed different patterns of high and low scores on the tests
Q3) Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test in order to
A)measure intelligence across cultures.
B)predict job success.
C)determine how much of intelligence is due to heredity and how much is due to the environment.
D)identify children who are likely to succeed in school.
Q4) Compare and contrast creativity and intelligence in terms of thinking.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Young children do not understand the relation between scale models and the objects they represent.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The production of the first words is linked to the ability to A)use symbols.
B)produce vowels.
C)produce consonants.
D)use intonation.
Q3) Defining a word too narrowly is known as
A)an overextension.
B)an underextension.
C)fast mapping.
D)overregularization.
Q4) __________ are words or endings of words (such as -ed or -ing)that make a sentence grammatical.
A)Overextensions
B)Underextensions
C)Grammatical morphemes
D)Overregularizations
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shy and outgoing children are equally likely to express concern when a stranger is injured.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Children with secure attachment relationships have higher-quality friendships and fewer conflicts with peers than children with insecure attachment relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements about temperament and other aspects of development is TRUE?
A)Children who are capable of greater effortful control,as 3- and 4-year-olds,have higher scores on measures of working memory.
B)Children who are not frequently angry or fearful are more prone to depression.
C)Anxious,fearful children are less likely to comply with a parent's rules and requests.
D)Persistent children are less likely to succeed in school.
Q4) What are some new ways to regulate emotions that children develop as they get older?
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Chapter 11: Understanding Self and Others
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Sample Questions
Q1) As adolescents progress towards achieving an identity
A)adolescent egocentrism increases,while the imaginary audience,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become less common.
B)adolescent egocentrism decreases,while the imaginary audience,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become more common.
C)adolescent egocentrism,the imaginary audience,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become less common.
D)adolescent egocentrism,the imaginary audience,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become more common.
Q2) Who is likely to have the lowest self-esteem?
A)Darrin,whose parents don't set rules
B)Donald,whose parents discuss their rules with him
C)Stephen,whose parents are affectionate toward him
D)Troy,whose parents are involved in his extra-curricular activities
Q3) Adolescents more often become depressed when their parents are emotionally distant and uninvolved.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Moral Understanding and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which child would be most likely to act altruistically?
A)a child who does not feel responsible for the person in need
B)a child who believes that there are few costs associated with the act
C)a child who is in a bad mood
D)a child who feels that she doesn't have the skills necessary to help
Q2) A controversial element of Kohlberg's theory is his claim that A)there are universal,absolute standards of right and wrong. B)his theory is an outgrowth of Piagetian principles.
C)the stages of his theory are differentiated by the reasoning that underlies the decision. D)moral reasoning becomes more sophisticated with development.
Q3) Children are more likely to act altruistically when they are in a sad mood.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A person who reasons at Kohlberg's conventional level would emphasize personal moral principles.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain what Piaget meant by moral realism,immanent justice,and moral relativism.
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Chapter 13: Gender and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Boys' interactions with each other are typically enabling.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Children
A)have little knowledge of gender stereotypes when they enter elementary school.
B)are more likely to ignore stereotypes when judging others as they grow older.
C)don't have adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes until they are teenagers.
D)consider gender stereotypes to be more binding than moral rules or social conventions.
Q3) Children who watch a lot of television have more stereotyped views of males and females.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following was NOT an area in which gender differences were found by Maccoby and Jacklin?
A)verbal ability
B)mathematical ability
C)aggression
D)touch sensitivity
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Chapter 14: Family Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) 28 Who is MOST likely to have low grades and to get in trouble in school?
A)Vern,whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style
B)Bart,whose parents have a permissive parenting style
C)Glenn,whose parents have an authoritative parenting style
D)Owen,whose parents have an uninvolved parenting style
Q2) Describe (1)cultural/social, (2)parental,and (3)child factors that contribute to child abuse.
Q3) Research consistently shows that authoritarian parenting is best for most children,most of the time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Older siblings are a source of care and comfort for younger siblings when they are distressed or upset.
A)True
B)False
Q5) 54 As children grow older,parents
A)become more physically affectionate with their children.
B)become less controlling of their children.
C)become more controlling of their children.
D)do not change their behavior in terms of either warmth or control.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Influences Beyond the Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) 114 Economically advantaged neighborhoods are more likely to have positive effects on children's development because
A)children have less access to good schools in these neighborhoods.
B)children in these neighborhoods are monitored less by neighbors.
C)these neighborhoods are less likely to contain libraries.
D)parents in these neighborhoods may have less stress and,therefore,more effective parenting.
Q2) What are some strategies that parents can use to help limit the negative effects of TV and boost the positive ones?
Q3) 49 Adolescents are more likely to have intercourse
A)if their parents and peers have permissive attitudes about sexuality.
B)if they feel guilty about having intercourse.
C)if they are concerned about getting pregnant.
D)if they are afraid of getting a sexually transmitted disease.
Q4) 117 Students learn the most when teachers
A)spend a lot of time disciplining students.
B)don't spend very much time on a single topic.
C)emphasize active learning.
D)discourage peer tutoring.
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