Human Development and Personality
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
This course explores the theories and research related to human development and personality across the lifespan. Students will examine the biological, psychological, and social influences that shape individual growth from infancy through old age. Major theories of personality development, including those proposed by Freud, Erikson, Piaget, and contemporary theorists, will be discussed. The course also addresses issues such as identity formation, emotional regulation, and the impact of culture and environment on development. Through case studies and critical analysis, students will gain a deeper understanding of the complex factors that contribute to unique personality traits and developmental outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
The Person An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology 5th Edition by Dan P. McAdams
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
12 Chapters
486 Verified Questions
486 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3876 Page 2
Chapter 1: Studying the Person
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77238
Sample Questions
Q1) A very useful methodology for inductive investigations in personality psychology is the
A) Experimental method
B) Correlational method
C) Statistical method
D) Case study
Answer: D
Q2) If Variable A is negatively correlated with Variable B, then
A) Variable A causes Variable B
B) Variable B causes Variable A
C) Both variables are caused by a third one
D) None of the above can be stated with certainty
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following scientific tools is a good theory not likely to provide?
A) Abstract model
B) Hypotheses
C) Conceptual terminology
D) Statistical procedure
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Evolution and Human Nature
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77237
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the scientific approach to understanding human nature is true?
A) Human nature must be construed in terms of first principles of logic
B) Traits that comprise human nature are learned in environments
C) Evolution provides the ultimate context for understanding human nature
D) The concept of human nature makes no scientific sense
Answer: C
Q2) Archaeological evidence suggests that early humans were
A) Vegetarians
B) Monogamous
C) Nomadic
D) Peaceful
Answer: C
Q3) Human beings share all of the following features of morality with their nearest primate neighbors except
A) Special treatment of the disabled
B) Concepts of giving, trading, and revenge
C) Peacemaking and avoidance of conflicts
D) Tender feelings for members of other species
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Social Learning and Culture
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77236
Sample Questions
Q1) In Bandura's social-learning theory, self-efficacy is a person's belief that
A) He or she can accomplish a task
B) He or she will be rewarded for accomplishing a task
C) Accomplishing a task will lead to positive results
D) Accomplishing a task will lead to advancement of the self
Answer: A
Q2) Compared to women, men tend to show higher levels of heroism as measured by A) Awards for outstanding bravery
B) Organ donations
C) Volunteering for organizations such as Doctors for the World
D) All of the above
Answer: A
Q3) Studies examining programs designed to increase self-efficacy in response to threat and stress show that the body's immune function first begins to improve
A) When people try to build up self-efficacy in the face of threat
B) After increases of self-efficacy have been shown to occur
C) Only after increases in self-efficacy have been sustained for two months
D) A year after participants first attempt to increase their self-efficacy
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Personality Traits: Fundamental Concepts and Issues
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77235
Sample Questions
Q1) Eysenck and Cattell used different statistical approaches to trait research. A key result of this was
A) Eysenck's trait model resulted in one superordinate trait while Cattell's model produced many smaller traits
B) Cattell's trait model contained fewer traits than Eysenck's trait model
C) Cattell's trait model yielded primary motives while Eysenck's model focused solely on behavioral traits
D) Cattell's model contained 16 source traits while Eysenck's model contained three traits
Q2) The affect-congruence model of reciprocal interactionism suggests that:
A) Persons experience greater levels of positive affect in situations consistent with their traits
B) Persons choose situations that are consistent with their traits
C) Persons choose situations that are consistent with their current affective state
D) Traits and affective states are in mutual interaction
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Five Basic Traits in the Brain and in Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77234
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following reflects Eysenck's concept of stimulus arousal and withdrawal?
A) Extraverts require greater stimulus levels to reach optimal arousal than introverts
B) Introverts require greater stimulus levels to reach optimal arousal than extraverts
C) There is no difference between introverts and extraverts in stimulus levels required to reach optimal arousal
D) Extraverts seek arousal in the morning whereas introverts seek arousal in the evening
Q2) Empirical research suggests that extraversion is positively associated with which of the following strategies for coping with stress?
A) Escapist fantasy
B) Positive thinking
C) Religious faith
D) Humor
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter
Environments, and Time
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77233
Sample Questions
Q1) Caspi's overall concept of the process by which temperament dimensions become more fully articulated personality traits is known as
A) Learning processes
B) Developmental elaboration
C) Environmental elicitation
D) Social and temporal comparisons
Q2) Which of the following statements best captures the difference in meaning between "temperament" and "traits"?
A) Temperament is highly heritable whereas traits show low heritability
B) Childhood traits develop gradually into adult temperaments
C) Temperament refers to negative interaction patterns whereas traits usually are couched in positive, prosocial terms
D) Temperament refers to broad and stylistic features of behavior that are assumed to be part of native endowment whereas traits are more socially and cognitively elaborated
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
8
Chapter 7: Motives and Goals: What Do We Want in Life
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77232
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a basic need in self-determination theory?
A) Need for competence
B) Need for approval
C) Need for autonomy
D) Need for relatedness
Q2) McClelland distinguishes between implicit and self-attributed motives. Which of the following things is not true about implicit motives?
A) They are assessed through respondent methods
B) They reflect unconscious goals
C) They connect to activity incentives, rather than social incentives
D) They tend to be statistically uncorrelated with self-attributed motives
Q3) Why might we classify motives and goals as "characteristic adaptations" instead of "dispositional traits?"
A) Because motives and goals predict both emotions and behavior, whereas traits predict only behavior
B) Because motives and goals are contextualized in time
C) Because motives and goals are unconscious
D) Because motives and goals are self-chosen whereas traits are outside of our control
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Self and Other: Social-Cognitive Aspects of Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77231
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kelly, when a person is confronted with events that lie outside the range of convenience of his or her construct system, he or she may experience
A) Guilt
B) Anxiety
C) Sadness
D) Excitement
Q2) Field dependence is associated with all of the following except
A) Greater interpersonal sensitivity
B) Preference for solitary play in childhood
C) Tendency to rely on other people for guidance
D) Careers in humanitarian and social-welfare areas
Q3) When imagining one's lost possible self "what might have been"), feeling a sense of closure regarding the past and investing in current goals is associated with A) Higher levels of happiness
B) Higher levels of psychological maturity
C) Better physical health
D) All of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: Developmental Stages and Tasks
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77230
Sample Questions
Q1) According to object relations theorists like Margaret Mahler, the fundamental drive or motive of human behavior and experience is a drive toward
A) Sexual expression
B) Aggressive destruction
C) Overcoming inferiority
D) Interpersonal relatedness
Q2) As theories of human development, Loevinger's model of the ego tends to emphasize ____whereas Erikson's psychosocial stages tend to emphasize ____.
A) Self, other
B) Subjectivity, objectivity
C) Coping, adaptation
D) Structure, content
Q3) Compared to parents scoring low on generativity measures, those scoring high
A) Tend to employ authoritative methods of child rearing
B) Are more likely to send their children to private schools
C) Stress religion and political activism in raising their children
D) Engage in more smiling and eye contact with their infants
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
11
Chapter 10: Life Scripts, Life Stories
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77229
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a primary function of stories?
A) Healing
B) Entertainment
C) Integration
D) All of the above
Q2) Research on self-defining memories suggests that adolescents and young adults
A) Tend to share accounts of especially personal memories with others shortly after the events occur
B) Rarely share accounts of personal memories with parents
C) Tend to share accounts of especially personal memories only after they have established close relationships with the people to whom the accounts are told
D) Repress many traumatic events
Q3) To say that a narrative identity integrates a life is to say that it
A) Brings happiness and fulfillment to a person's life
B) Brings together different parts of a person's life
C) Offers important life lessons
D) Connects the individual to ultimate truths about life
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Interpreting Peoples Stories: From Freud to Today
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77228
Sample Questions
Q1) Jung's approach to dream interpretation would emphasize all of the following except
A) Dreams as symbols of universal myths
B) Dreams as anticipations of future problems
C) Dreams as expressions of the desire for balance in personality
D) Dreams as revelations of instinctual frustration
Q2) In Hermans' theory, S-motives refer to
A) Support from others
B) Self-actualization
C) Agency
D) Libidinal urges
Q3) In Freud's conception of the Oedipus complex, castration anxiety symbolizes the fear of
A) Success
B) Failure
C) Dependency
D) Powerlessness
Q4) Some writers on the postmodern self suggest that it is futile to try to compose a coherent identity in today's world. Do the students agree?
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Writing Stories of Lives: Biography and the Life Course
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77227
Sample Questions
Q1) If a person's own narrative identity represents a ____ account of his life, then the psychologist's story about that life represents a ____ account.
A) Idiographic, nomothetic
B) Narrative, paradigmatic
C) First-person, third-person
D) Personal, personological
Q2) In Murray's psychological analysis of Herman Melville's great novel, Moby-Dick, the great white whale represents
A) The Id
B) The Ego
C) The Superego
D) The entire Freudian psyche
Q3) According to Levinson, men may emerge from the midlife transition in their late 40s in a state of
A) Despair
B) Renewed confidence
C) Changed identity
D) Any of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14