Human Development Across the Lifespan Mock
Exam
Course Introduction
Human Development Across the Lifespan explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur from conception through old age. This course examines major theories and research findings related to each stage of human growth, addressing the influences of genetics, family, culture, and environment on development. Students will gain an understanding of developmental milestones, challenges, and transitions faced at various life stages, as well as the practical applications of developmental concepts in educational, clinical, and community settings.
Recommended Textbook Development Through the Lifespan 7th Edition by Laura
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Page 2
E. Berk
Chapter 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the exosystem as it exists in Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.
Answer: According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory,human development takes place within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.Bronfenbrenner envisioned the environment as a series of nested structures,including but also extending beyond the home,school,neighborhood,and workplace settings in which people spend their everyday lives.Each layer joins with the others to powerfully affect development.The exosystem consists of social settings that do not contain the developing person but nevertheless affect experiences in immediate settings.These can be formal organizations,such as the individual's workplace,religious institution,or community health and welfare services.Flexible work schedules,paid maternity and paternity leave,and sick leave for parents whose children are ill are examples of ways that work settings can support child rearing and,indirectly,enhance the development of both adult and child.Exosystem supports can also be informal,such as parents' social networks-friends and extended-family members who provide advice,companionship,and even financial assistance.Research confirms the negative impact of a breakdown in exosystem activities.Families who are affected by unemployment or who are socially isolated,with few personal or community-based ties,show increased rates of conflict and child abuse.
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The child has no control over __________ correlation.
A) passive
B) evocative
C) active
D) gene environment
Answer: A
Q2) Lynn,a Canadian,and Sasha,a Russian,are probably about __________ percent genetically identical.
A) 69.6
B) 79.6
C) 89.6
D) 99.6
Answer: D
Q3) Longitudinal follow-up research on the Better Beginnings,Better Futures Project of Ontario,Canada,revealed a(n)__________.
A) reduction in children's social adjustment
B) increase in adolescent delinquency
C) improved sense of community connection
D) reduction in children's academic achievement
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn
Baby
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the eighth month of pregnancy,__________.
A) fetal growth doubles
B) neuron production increases
C) the eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck form
D) lanugo typically is shed
Answer: D
Q2) In the United States,the second leading cause of neonatal mortality is __________,which is largely preventable.
A) malnutrition
B) physical abnormality
C) low birth weight
D) sudden infant death syndrome
Answer: C
Q3) Which statement about a blastocyst is true?
A) It consists of a single cell.
B) It is a structure that feeds the developing organism.
C) Between the seventh and ninth days, it burrows deep into the uterine lining.
D) It is a membrane that helps to keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
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Q1) Which statement about individual and group differences in physical growth is true?
A) Asian children tend to be slightly above North American growth norms.
B) African-American children tend to be below the growth norms.
C) There are no apparent ethnic differences in physical growth.
D) Children of the same age differ in rate of physical growth.
Q2) __________ is associated with slower weight gain over the first year,leaner body build through early childhood,and 10 to 20 percent reduced obesity risk in later life.
A) Introducing solid foods after 12 months
B) Combining breast- and bottle-feeding for the first year
C) Breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months
D) Bottle-feeding exclusively after the first six weeks
Q3) For exploring the environment,humans depend on __________ more than any other sense.
A) touch
B) hearing
C) vision
D) taste
Q4) What influence does heredity have on physical growth?
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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Q1) According to Vygotsky,children master activities through __________.
A) joint activities with more mature members of their society
B) interaction with the physical environment
C) operant conditioning and modeling
D) trial and error
Q2) Research on infantile amnesia suggests that adults typically cannot remember events that happened during the first few years of life because __________.
A) early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that makes recall difficult
B) young children rely too heavily on verbal memory techniques
C) long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7
D) they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language
Q3) When children are not changing much cognitively,they __________ more than they __________.
A) accommodate; organize
B) organize; assimilate
C) assimilate; accommodate
D) organize; adapt
Q4) Describe the signs of developmentally appropriate infant and toddler child care.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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Q1) As infants understand more about their world,they laugh __________.
A) at events with subtler elements of surprise
B) only in response to very active stimuli
C) at dynamic, eye-catching sights
D) less often
Q2) A researcher places a red dot on 2-year-old Raven's nose.When she looks into a mirror,she tries to rub the dot off of her nose rather than off of the mirror.This behavior indicates that she has developed __________.
A) effortful control
B) a categorical self
C) continuity of control
D) self-recognition
Q3) About __________ of siblings establish similar attachment patterns with their parent.
A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) half
D) two-thirds
Q4) What is the goodness-of-fit model? Explain the relationship between temperament and child rearing.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is supported by research on child care?
A) The effects of substandard child care typically "wash out" once the child starts elementary school.
B) Preschoolers exposed to substandard care score higher in social skills than their no-preschool agemates.
C) Regardless of quality, exposure to child care leads to insecure attachment and poor school readiness.
D) Good child care enhances cognitive, language, and social development, especially for low-SES children.
Q2) When putting together a puzzle with her son,Mim selects a puzzle that is slightly too difficult for him to put together alone and adjusts the support offered to her son to fit his current level of performance.Mim is engaging in __________.
A) scaffolding
B) dual representation
C) proximal teaching
D) discovery learning
Q3) Describe the benefits of make-believe play.
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Four-year-old Jamal is likely to consider __________ as more wrong than
A) burping at the table; cheating at a game
B) eating ice cream with his fingers; stealing an apple
C) failing to say "please"; lying
D) stealing an eraser; licking his plate
Q2) School-age and early adolescent children are at the greatest risk for __________.
A) neglect
B) sexual abuse
C) physical abuse
D) emotional abuse
Q3) Early in the preschool years,children __________.
A) accurately interpret situations that offer conflicting cues about how a person is feeling
B) are not good at inferring how others are feeling based on their behavior
C) refer to causes, consequences, and behavioral signs of emotion
D) do not realize that thinking and feeling are interconnected
Q4) Describe some of the undesirable consequences of frequent punishment.
Q5) Discuss factors within the family that heighten the risk of child maltreatment.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is true?
A) All children with ADHD are hyperactive.
B) Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD.
C) Boys are diagnosed with ADHD two to three times as often as girls.
D) For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5.
Q2) Many studies confirm that __________.
A) the whole-language approach places too much emphasis on basic skills
B) children do not benefit from reading strategies until they have fully mastered phonics
C) fluent readers tend to use ineffective reading strategies and have difficulty with comprehension
D) combining phonics with whole language is the best method for teaching beginning reading
Q3) __________ disrupts the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism.
A) Self-regulation
B) Frequent eating out
C) Reduced sleep
D) Using screen media
Q4) Discuss the consequences of childhood obesity.
Q5) Discuss the development of planning on multistep tasks in middle childhood.
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to children with siblings,only children tend to __________.
A) be spoiled, in accordance with popular belief
B) be less well-accepted in the peer group
C) have distant relationships with their parents
D) attain lower levels of education
Q2) Hank,a noncustodial father of four,is remarrying.Which of Hank's children is the most likely to have difficulty getting along with his new wife?
A) Shae, his 3-year-old daughter
B) Harry, his 6-year-old son
C) Max, his 9-year-old son
D) Kate, his 12-year-old daughter
Q3) Where the custodial parent after a divorce is the mother,__________.
A) about two-thirds of children experience at least weekly visits with the father
B) outcomes for sons are always better than when the father is the custodial parent
C) a good father child relationship protects girls against early sexual activity
D) children react with the same amount of defiance regardless of paternal contact
Q4) What factors foster resilience in middle childhood?
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which high school is the most likely to help its students adjust to the school transition?
A) North High, which emphasizes good grades over mastery
B) East High, which provides homerooms that offer counseling
C) West High, which randomly assigns students to all classes
D) South High, which has large freshmen classrooms of 40 or more students
Q2) Which statement about sex differences in spatial abilities is true?
A) Experience contributes to females' superior spatial performance.
B) Sex differences in spatial abilities emerge as early as the first few months of life.
C) One hypothesis is that heredity enhances left-hemispheric functioning for boys.
D) Girls spend far more time than boys in play involving manipulative activities.
Q3) Discuss effective interventions for adolescent parents.
Q4) More than two-thirds of U.S.high school dropouts __________.
A) obtain rewarding, high-paying jobs
B) never complete their secondary education
C) eventually obtain college degrees
D) finish their secondary education by their mid-twenties
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Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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132 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Xiao is an adolescent immigrant from a culture that values interdependent qualities.The longer his family has been in the United States,the less Xiao feels committed to obeying his parents and fulfilling family obligations.As a result,Xiao may experience __________.
A) acculturative stress
B) bicultural avoidance
C) ethnic identity foreclosure
D) ethnic identity moratorium
Q2) College students who __________ are advanced in moral reasoning.
A) report fewer close friendships
B) are more aware of social diversity
C) have more like-minded friends
D) have fewer cross-race friendships
Q3) Which statement about adolescent friendships is true?
A) Close friendships in early adolescence often interfere with identity development.
B) Close friendships provide a foundation for future intimate relationships.
C) Among boys, being in a clique predicts academic and social competence.
D) Among girls, clique membership predicts a decline in academic achievement.
Q4) Describe how sibling interactions adapt to development at adolescence.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to their traditional-career counterparts,men who choose traditionally female-dominated careers __________.
A) are more focused on the social status of their work
B) are more gender-typed in their personal life
C) are more interested in working with people
D) have more conservative social attitudes
Q2) With the birth of Olga's first child,she felt more fulfilled than ever before.However,she also acknowledged feelings of concern and fear over being able to meet all of her parental responsibilities while maintaining personal happiness and satisfaction.Olga's feelings reflect __________.
A) relativistic thinking
B) cognitive-affective complexity
C) dualistic thinking
D) pragmatic thinking
Q3) January engages in regular exercise.As a result,January is __________.
A) more likely to develop diabetes
B) likely to have higher blood pressure
C) likely to recover slower from a cold
D) less likely to catch a cold or the flu
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love identifies __________ as three components that shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop.
A) passion, intimacy, and commitment
B) passion, companionship, and caring
C) intimacy, emotional maturity, and dependability
D) mutual attraction, companionship, and commitment
Q2) Childlessness seems to interfere with adjustment and life satisfaction
A) in low-SES but not high-SES couples
B) only when it is beyond a person's control
C) among the highly educated
D) in women but not men
Q3) African Americans usually __________ than European Americans with equivalent job qualifications.
A) acquire more work experience
B) spend less time looking for work
C) experience less stable employment
D) receive more callbacks in response to résumés
Q4) Describe the gender differences in same-sex adult friendships.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which author is more likely to produce his or her most frequently cited works at a younger age?
A) Libby, a poet
B) Darnell, a biographer
C) Helen, a nonfiction writer
D) Kai, a fiction writer
Q2) Andrew is extremely competitive,ambitious,impatient,and hostile.He is prone to angry outbursts.Andrew displays __________.
A) the Type A behavior pattern
B) the Type B behavior pattern
C) approval-seeking behavior
D) passive-aggressive behavior
Q3) Bronson manages a fast-food restaurant.Which individual with similar qualifications and years of experience should he hire if he is looking for adept,attentive,competent customer service?
A) Brandon, a 19-year-old
B) Alba, a 23-year-old
C) Donnette, a 30-year-old
D) Garfield, a 45-year-old
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Burnout is linked to __________.
A) improved memory
B) increased attention
C) on-the-job injuries
D) reasonable workloads
Q2) Which statement is true about possible selves?
A) They may be an especially strong motivator of action in midlife.
B) They remain considerably stable throughout an individual's lifespan.
C) They are unimportant to researchers because they are merely hopes.
D) They focus on hopes about the future rather than fears about what might be.
Q3) Which statement is true about people who flexibly modify their identities in response to age-related changes yet maintain a sense of self-continuity?
A) They are higher in self-esteem.
B) They are lower in life satisfaction.
C) Their personalities undergo drastic revision.
D) They are less aware of their own thoughts and feelings.
Q4) What is the feminization of poverty and how does divorce contribute to it?
Q5) What is vocational burnout? Who is the most likely to suffer from it,and what are some ways to prevent it?
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older adults __________ than younger adults.
A) require more sleep
B) have less difficulty falling asleep
C) require less sleep
D) have more difficulty sleeping deeply
Q2) When speaking,older adults tend to __________ than younger people.
A) use more pronouns
B) use clearer references
C) pause less often
D) use fewer word repetitions
Q3) Compared with younger drivers,older people are __________.
A) more likely to drive quickly
B) less likely to fail to heed signs
C) more likely to drive recklessly
D) less likely to yield the right of way
Q4) Which older adult is the most likely to enter a nursing home?
A) Mr. Holzman, who has dementia
B) Ms. Braun, who has cancer
C) Mr. Overholser, who has cardiovascular disease
D) Ms. Mattos, who has type 2 diabetes
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Irrespective of financial need,the age of retirement is rising in the United States and Western nations because __________.
A) the population of preretirees is declining steadily
B) most baby boomers say they want to work longer
C) older adults have fewer choices about when to retire
D) the mandatory retirement age has increased for most workers
Q2) Which statement is true about retirement satisfaction?
A) Well-educated people with complex jobs adjust less favorably to retirement.
B) Leaving a high-stress job is linked to greater difficulties during the retirement transition.
C) Retirement can enhance marital satisfaction by granting husband and wife more time for companionship.
D) Moving out of a low-stress job is associated with gains in psychological well-being following retirement.
Q3) Which older worker is likely to retire first?
A) Marilyn, who is in good health
B) Dion, who is self-employed
C) Joseph, who works in a blue-collar job
D) Pearl, who is a high-earning professional
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Chapter 19: Death, dying, and Bereavement
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Q1) When a family member insists that a patient not be told his or her prognosis,__________.
A) doctors and nurses should honor the family member's request, regardless of the patient's age
B) medical personnel can first offer information to the patient, and then, if the patient refuses, ask who should receive information
C) other family members and nurses should pretend there is nothing wrong in an attempt to prevent stress
D) this softens the patient's psychological pain and makes dying much easier for the patient and the family
Q2) Which statement is true about enhancing children's understanding of the death concept?
A) Discussing death candidly with children fuels their fears.
B) Discussing death candidly with children reduces their anxiety about it.
C) The concepts of human biology are too advanced for young children's understanding.
D) Presenting biological evidence about death to young children negates their religious beliefs.
Q3) Define and describe the three phases of death.
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