Human Development across the Lifespan Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Human Development across the Lifespan explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur from conception through old age. The course examines major theories and research findings related to developmental milestones, individual differences, and the influence of family, culture, and society. Students gain insight into how genetics and environment interact to shape human growth, and how developmental challenges and transitions impact people at every stage of life. This knowledge serves as a foundation for understanding behavior, relationships, and learning across diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Life Span Development 1st Edition by John W. Santrock
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17 Chapters
2063 Verified Questions
2063 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A method of gathering data where one person (usually someone unique such as a serial killer or a genius)is studied extensively.
Answer: case study
Q2) A researcher is interested in the effect of exercise on stamina in elderly patients.The patients are randomly assigned to be in a high-exercise or low-exercise training program for 8 weeks.At the end of the program,their stamina is measured by seeing how long they can walk comfortably on a treadmill.In this study,the dependent variable is A) number of minutes on the treadmill.
B) the exercise program (high versus low).
C) heart rate during the exercise program.
D) the 8-week duration of the exercise program.
Answer: A
Q3) List (in order)the eight stages of psychosocial development that were proposed by Erik Erikson.
Answer: trust versus mistrust; autonomy versus shame and doubt; initiative versus guilt; industry versus inferiority; identity versus identity confusion; intimacy versus isolation; generativity versus stagnation; (ego)integrity versus despair
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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159 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for infertility in a woman?
A) abnormal ova
B) blocked fallopian tubes
C) alcohol use
D) disease
Answer: C
Q2) A prenatal test designed to assess whether a fetus is developing normally.With this procedure,a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn by syringe and tested for chromosomal or metabolic disorders.
Answer: amniocentesis
Q3) All of the following are alternative possible contributors to problems found in the children of cocaine users,EXCEPT:
A) marijuana use.
B) poverty.
C) alcohol use.
D) mental illness.
Answer: D
Q4) List the three periods of prenatal development.
Answer: germinal period,embryonic period,fetal period
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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204 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Axon is to __________as dendrite is to __________.
A) carrying signals away from the cell body; carrying signals to the cell body
B) carrying signals to the cell body; carrying signals away from the cell body
C) lateralization; myelination
D) myelination; lateralization
Answer: A
Q2) According to Jean Piaget,actions or mental representations that organize knowledge in infancy.
Answer: behavioral schemes
Q3) The average American newborn is __________ long and weighs __________.
A) 23 inches; 6½ pounds
B) 20 inches; 7½ pounds
C) 24 inches; 8½ pounds
D) 18 inches; 9½ pounds
Answer: B
Q4) Built-in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn's movements.These reactions are automatic and beyond the newborn's control.
Answer: reflexes
Q5) A decreased responsiveness to a stimulus that has been repeatedly presented. Answer: habituation
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Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to inhibit,or minimize,the intensity and duration of emotional reactions.
Q2) Kyoko and Jason are going to have a child.Statistically speaking,their child will most likely have a(n)_______ temperament.
A) easy
B) difficult
C) extroverted
D) slow-to-warm-up
Q3) Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction.These researchers are studying the concept of
A) trust.
B) attachment.
C) temperament.
D) sense of self.
Q4) Children can begin to regulate their emotions
A) by age 3.
B) by age 2.
C) by age 1.
D) shortly after birth.
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Chapter 5: Motor,Sensory,and Perceptual Development
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intuitive thought is to _______ as symbolic function is to _______.
A) creativity; reason
B) egocentrism; centration
C) reasoning; creativity
D) reasoning; mental representation
Q2) Focusing of one's attention on one salient characteristic of a situation while excluding all other characteristics.
Q3) Brendan is 3 years old.His parents are concerned because he is always running and jumping on things.He cannot seem to sit still.Even when watching his favorite movie on TV,he still fidgets,bounces,and wiggles around.It is especially frustrating when Brendan will not sit still through dinner.Given what we know about child development,we would advise Brendan's parents to
A) have Brendan tested for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
B) start Brendan on a behavior modification program to substitute productive behaviors for the running and jumping.
C) provide structured,cognitively challenging activities for Brendan to build his attention span.
D) be patient and recognize that Brendan is developing as a normal 3-year-old.
Q4) Define egocentrism.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In response to child misbehavior,most child psychologists recommend A) reasoning with the child.
B) explaining the consequences of the child's actions for others.
C) removing the child from a setting that offers positive reinforcement.
D) all of these.
Q2) In order for children to take effective moral action,they need to be able to __________ and __________.
A) learn how to identify emotional states in others; anticipate what will improve others' emotional states.
B) learn to regulate their own emotional states; teach other children to regulate their emotional states.
C) overcome their innate desire to hurt others; learn to do things for the good of the group.
D) deny their natural selfish tendencies; be concerned with the well-being of other people.
Q3) A kind of play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports.
Q4) The support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child.
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A way of teaching children how to read that emphasizes phonics and the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.
Q2) About __________ of all school-age children in the United States receive special education or related services.
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 30%
Q3) The ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems is called
A) spontaneity.
B) congruency.
C) elasticity.
D) creativity.
Q4) Tests of intelligence that are intended to be free of cultural biases.
Q5) Based on the data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003),the author of your text proposed several strategies to try to get children to exercise more.List at least two ways to get children to exercise more.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The third LEVEL of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.At this (the highest)level,the individual recognizes alternative moral courses,explores various options,and then decides on one's own personal moral values.
Q2) _______ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems.
A) Fifty
B) Forty
C) Twenty-five
D) Twenty
Q3) Thinking about social matters.
Q4) List at least four functions of children's friendships as identified by Gottman and Parker (1987).
Q5) List,in order,the six stages of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
Q6) Children have the highest self-esteem when A) they are emotionally supported for their efforts. B) they perform competently on a task they value. C) they are extrinsically rewarded by role models.
D) their peers acknowledge their achievements.
Q7) A kind of discipline that uses reasoning and focuses children's attention on the consequences of their actions for others.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research about hormones and behavior have found the relationship to be:
A) unidirectional.
B) bidirectional.
C) correlative.
D) not statistically significant.
Q2) Contemporary research suggests that U.S.adolescents' use of alcohol has recently shown a:
A) mild decline.
B) sizable decline.
C) mild increase.
D) sizable increase.
Q3) The obituary stated that Pat was a victim of a homicide.It is most likely that Pat was:
A) an African-American adolescent boy.
B) a Latin(o)-American adolescent boy.
C) an African-American adolescent girl.
D) a Latin(a)-American adolescent girl.
Q4) In 2003,this researcher suggested that adolescents have difficulty controlling their emotions,because their prefrontal cortex has not yet fully developed.
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11
Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What distinguishes the locations where rites of passage are prevalent?
A) strong distinctions between age groups
B) resistance to Western culture
C) rigid social structure
D) low access to formal education
Q2) The process by which minority groups are absorbed into the dominant society is called:
A) assimilation.
B) transmigration.
C) acculturation.
D) reciprocation.
Q3) Self-assertion and separateness are two dimensions of:
A) foreclosure.
B) achievement.
C) individuality.
D) connectedness.
Q4) The absorption of ethnic minority groups into the dominant group which often means the loss of behaviors and values of the ethnic group.
Q5) Discuss the dimensions of individuality and connectedness.
Q6) This identity status is characterized by high commitment but no crisis.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to William Perry,how does adolescents' thinking differ from young adults' thinking?
Q2) The only necessary criterion for sexual harassment is:
A) inappropriate physical contact.
B) inappropriate sexual remarks.
C) blatant propositions or assaults.
D) a victim's sense of exploitation.
Q3) Manny has contracted a virus that is destroying his body's immune system.Manny most likely has:
A) AIDS.
B) herpes.
C) syphilis.
D) gonorrhea.
Q4) Nicotine is a:
A) depressant.
B) stimulant.
C) narcotic.
D) sedative.
Q5) Explain the postformal stage of thought.
Q6) List at least four hazards of binge drinking among college students.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Gender
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74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him,but we aren't what you would call emotionally close.I love being with him,but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love,which type of love is Julie experiencing?
A) romantic love
B) infatuated love
C) sexual love
D) companionate love
Q2) A type of love that is characterized by an individual's desire to have the other person near and to share a deep,caring relationship with the other person.
Q3) According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love,affectionate love is characterized by:
A) intimacy and commitment.
B) shared activities and self-disclosure.
C) exclusivity and passion.
D) companionship and self-disclosure.
Q4) Discuss how men and women differ in their communication styles.
Q5) List five principles,identified by Gottman,that make a marriage work.
Q6) This theorist proposed a triarchic theory of love.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) One reason that leisure is important in middle adulthood is that:
A) it prepares middle-aged adults for retirement.
B) adults in midlife enjoy diversion more than people do at other life stages.
C) other experiences have become relatively less meaningful and important to most people.
D) leisure has a major impact on career advancement.
Q2) The complete cessation of a woman's menstruation which usually occurs in the late 40s or early 50s.
Q3) Recent research suggests that religion can promote physical health due to:
A) lifestyle issues
B) social networks
C) coping with stress
D) all of these
Q4) The term __________ is given to age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
A) arthritis
B) sarcopenia
C) osteoporosis
D) muscular dystrophy
Q5) The ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina.
Q6) List three ways that memory generally changes during middle adulthood.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-cultural studies show that in nonindustrialized countries,the concept of middle age is:
A) often missing; these cultures only refer to adults as young or old.
B) about the same as it is in industrialized countries like the United States.
C) more finely discerned; many cultures speak of five or more different stages of middle adulthood.
D) more rigidly defined; there are rites of passage set at particular ages for entering into middle age and the elder years.
Q2) According to Costa and McCrae's study on adult personality development,in middle adulthood,_________INCREASES.
A) agreeableness
B) openness to experience
C) neuroticism
D) interdependence relationship style
Q3) Critics of the life-events approach and the daily-hassles approach argue that:
A) neither tells us how individuals cope.
B) both emphasize the male experience.
C) neither has much impact on adult development.
D) both are culturally biased.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Peers
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Sample Questions
Q1) List at least four leading causes of death in older adults.
Q2) Even though older adults process information more slowly,they often perform just as well as their younger counterparts in information processing tasks.What might account for this?
A) Older adults had higher motivation to succeed.
B) Older adults had learned to look farther ahead.
C) Younger adults had relatively less task orientation.
D) Younger adults had a less developed work ethic.
Q3) Which of the following causes the LEAST number of deaths among the elderly each year?
A) cancer
B) stroke
C) accidents
D) heart disease
Q4) Which of the following statements about the respiratory system in older adults is FALSE?
A) Lung capacity drops 40% between the ages of 20 and 80 years.
B) Lungs lose elasticity.
C) The diaphragm weakens.
D) The chest enlarges.
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Chapter 16: Schools and Achievement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and briefly discuss Erikson's final stage of development.
Q2) Erik Erikson believed that people who experience isolation and stagnation in earlier adulthood are more likely to experience ________ in later adulthood.
A) despair
B) inferiority
C) shame and doubt
D) identity diffusion
Q3) The status an elderly person is accorded in a culture depends on the degree to which he or she:
A) has power and autonomy.
B) has power,has valued knowledge,and is integrated into the family.
C) has autonomy,has useful skills,and contributes to family harmony.
D) has useful skills and does not interfere with family functioning.
Q4) Rasulo,Christensen,and Tomassini (2005)reported that when old-old persons (75 or older)had close ties with friends,they were less likely to:
A) die over seven years.
B) become incontinent.
C) suffer memory loss.
D) become mentally incompetent.
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Chapter 17: Culture and Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ada knows that she has liver cancer and will not live much longer.In her prayers,she asks God to let her live one more year,and she will promise to set everything right with her family and loved ones.Elisabeth Kübler-Ross believed that this type of reaction to death tends to occur:
A) in the middle of the process of adjusting to death.
B) early in the process of adjusting to death.
C) just before death occurs.
D) near the end of the process of adjusting to death.
Q2) Approximately __________ of corpses are disposed of by burial.
A) 90%
B) 80%
C) 70%
D) 60%
Q3) Define and discuss the purpose of a living will.
Q4) List Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's five stages of dying.
Q5) There are roughly ________ times more widows than widowers in the United States.
A) two
B) five
C) eight
D) ten
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