Human Brain and Behavior Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationship between the human brain and behavior, delving into how neural processes underpin various aspects of cognition, emotion, and action. Students will examine the structure and function of the nervous system, neurobiological mechanisms behind perception, learning, memory, motivation, and decision-making, as well as the impact of disorders on behavior. Integrating insights from neuroscience, psychology, and behavioral science, the course provides a comprehensive understanding of how brain activity shapes human experience and interaction with the world.
Recommended Textbook
Biopsychology 10th Edition by John P. J. Pinel
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18 Chapters
2676 Verified Questions
2676 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1847
Page 2
Chapter 1: Biopsychology As a Neuroscience
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36835
Sample Questions
Q1) Many psychophysiological measures are indicators of the activity of the __________ nervous system,which regulates the body's inner environment.
Answer: autonomic
Q2) The __________ effect refers to the fact that a copulating male that becomes incapable of continuing to copulate with one sex partner can often recommence copulating with a new sex partner.
Answer: Coolidge
Q3) The research of a biopsychologist working for a drug company would likely be
A) largely pure.
B) completely pure.
C) psychopharmacological.
D) applied.
E) both C and D
Answer: E
Q4) The study of nervous system disorders is called __________.
Answer: neuropathology
Q5) Delgado's claim of a caudate taming center should have been dismissed immediately because it violated __________.
Answer: Morgan's canon
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Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The single most influential theory in the biological sciences is the theory of A) D. O. Hebb.
B) Charles Darwin.
C) evolution.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Answer: E
Q2) On the DNA molecule,cytosine binds to A) guanine.
B) adenine.
C) thymine.
D) thiamine.
E) uracil.
Answer: A
Q3) The nucleotide base __________ is found in DNA but not in RNA.
Answer: thymine
Q4) The two genes that control the same trait are called __________. Answer: alleles
Q5) DNA methylation and ___________ remodeling are two epigenetic mechanisms. Answer: histone
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Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is __________ that gives white matter in the nervous system its glossy white sheen.
Answer: myelin
Q2) The tip of your nose is
A) superior and dorsal.
B) caudal and anterior.
C) medial and anterior.
D) anterior and posterior.
E) ventral and dorsal.
Answer: C
Q3) The opposite of dorsal is __________.
Answer: ventral
Q4) The reticular formation is in the A) brain stem.
B) cortex.
C) thalamus.
D) olfactory bulb.
E) spinal cord.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In comparison to ionotropic receptors,metabotropic receptors
A) are more prevalent.
B) produce longer lasting effects.
C) produce effects that are more diffuse.
D) produce effects that take longer to develop.
E) all of the above
Q2) All __________ neurotransmitters are synthesized from tyrosine.
Q3) EPSPs are
A) graded responses.
B) postsynaptic responses.
C) transmitted decrementally.
D) depolarizations.
E) all of the above
Q4) By binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors,this drug produces paralysis and death:
A) atropine.
B) chlordiazepoxide.
C) curare.
D) morphine.
E) belladonna.
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Chapter 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A method of measuring changes in the extracellular concentrations of various neurochemicals in particular sites in the brains of active laboratory animals is
A) cerebral dialysis.
B) the 6-OHDA histological technique.
C) in situ hybridization.
D) immunocytochemistry.
E) electroencephalography.
Q2) A common neuropsychological test of frontal-lobe damage is the A) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
B) token test.
C) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test.
D) digit-span test.
E) block-design test.
Q3) Stereotaxic surgery in human patients typically requires
A) a stereotaxic atlas.
B) a stereotaxic instrument.
C) a head holder.
D) an electrode holder.
E) all of the above
Q4) In humans,EEG electrodes are usually taped to the __________.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Visual System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Simple cells of the primary visual cortex
A) have receptive fields with static "on" and "off" areas that are separated by a straight edge.
B) do not have receptive fields.
C) have receptive fields that cannot be divided into static "on" and "off" areas.
D) have two receptive fields.
E) are in lower layer IV.
Q2) Evidence indicates that the component theory provides the best explanation of color coding at the
A) complex cell level.
B) simple cell level.
C) receptor level.
D) bipolar level.
E) retinal ganglion cell level.
Q3) Describe the dorsal and ventral streams.Describe two theories of their functional difference and the evidence on which each theory is based.
Q4) Animals without __________ tend to be nocturnal (i.e.,active only at night).
Q5) Most binocular neurons in monkey primary visual cortex display __________.
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Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Perception
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mechanisms of selective attention are
A) top-down.
B) bottom-up.
C) inside-out.
D) outside-in.
E) both A and B
Q2) The malleus,incus,and stapes
A) are small bones that transmit vibrations from the ear drum to the oval window.
B) are small bones that transmit vibrations from the oval window to the round window.
C) were the three ships of Christopher Columbus.
D) are small bones in the inner ear.
E) both B and D
Q3) Olfactory receptor cells
A) contain no receptor molecules.
B) survive for only a few weeks and are replaced by new ones.
C) have no axons.
D) each contain three different receptor molecules.
E) each contain 350 different receptor molecules.
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9
Chapter 8: The Sensorimotor System
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contralateral neglect is usually associated with large lesions of the A) right parietal lobe.
B) left parietal lobe.
C) right frontal lobe.
D) left frontal lobe.
E) right temporal lobe.
Q2) Much of the output of the posterior parietal cortex goes to the A) dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex.
B) frontal eye fields.
C) various areas of secondary motor cortex.
D) all of the above
E) both B and C
Q3) The only movements that are not greatly influenced by sensory feedback are __________ movements.
Q4) Which of the following is a principle of sensorimotor organization?
A) The sensorimotor system is hierarchically organized.
B) Motor output is guided by sensory input.
C) Learning changes the nature and locus of sensorimotor control.
D) all of the above
E) both B and C
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Chapter 9: Development of the Nervous System
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder (ASD)is true?
A) About 50% of savants are diagnosed with ASD.
B) Between 10 and 30% of individuals diagnosed with ASD display some savant abilities.
C) About 50% of the individuals diagnosed with ASD are savants.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q2) Discuss the increase in size of the human brain after birth and three kinds of growth that contribute to it.
Q3) Cell adhesion molecules are thought to mediate
A) differentiation.
B) aggregation.
C) proliferation.
D) sprouting.
E) cell death.
Q4) The first neurotrophin to be isolated was __________ factor.
Q5) The neural __________ is situated just dorsal to the neural tube and develops into the PNS.
Q6) Discuss the effects of early experience on neurodevelopment,and describe two examples.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tremor at rest,muscular rigidity,slowness of movement,and a masklike face are symptoms of
A) Down syndrome.
B) Parkinson's disease.
C) epilepsy.
D) Huntington's disease.
E) multiple sclerosis.
Q2) About how many amygdalar stimulations does it take to kindle a syndrome of spontaneous seizures in rats?
A) 15
B) 300
C) 3
D) 24
E) 48
Q3) Both thrombuses and emboluses are
A) plugs that block blood flow.
B) tumors.
C) causes of arteriosclerosis.
D) infarcts.
E) hematomas.
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Chapter 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The retrograde amnesia associated with closed-head injury has been frequently studied in laboratory animals by
A) hitting them on the head with a little rubber hammer.
B) administering acetylcholine agonists.
C) administering electroconvulsive shock.
D) using multiple-trial learning tests that must be learned over several days.
E) both B and D
Q2) Monkey and rat experiments on the effects of various medial-temporal-lobe lesions on the performance of nonrecurring-items delayed nonmatching-to-sample suggest that __________ damage contributes substantially to the amnesic effects of bilateral medial-temporal lobectomy.
A) medial temporal cortex
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Q3) The __________ is thought to play a role in the storage of the emotional significance of various experiences.
Q4) Approximately __________% of people experience infantile amnesia.
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Chapter 12: Hunger, eating, and Health
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36846
Sample Questions
Q1) Free fatty acids are the main source of energy for the body (excluding the brain)during
A) puberty.
B) infancy.
C) the fasting phase.
D) the cephalic phase.
E) the absorption phase.
Q2) People who engage in cycles of fasting,bingeing,and purging are said to suffer from A) bulimia nervosa.
B) obsessive eating.
C) purging nervosa.
D) anorexia nervosa.
E) roller coaster purging.
Q3) People who live in the Japanese island of __________ tend to eat much less than others,but they were found to be more healthy and to live longer.
Q4) __________ (CCK)was one of the first satiety peptides to be studied.
Q5) The phase of energy metabolism that occurs after all of the energy from the most recent meal has been used is the __________ phase.
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Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In laboratory experiments,ovariectomized female rats are often rendered receptive by injections of
A) testosterone and estradiol.
B) estradiol and progesterone.
C) progesterone and testosterone.
D) estradiol and estrogen.
E) testosterone and androgen.
Q2) Which of the following are likely to develop female internal reproductive ducts?
A) gonadectomized female fetuses
B) gonadectomized male fetuses
C) male fetuses injected with estrogen
D) both A and B
E) none of the above
Q3) If identified at birth in a genetic female,adrenogenital syndrome is typically treated by early
A) surgical correction of any abnormalities of the genitals.
B) the administration of cortisol.
C) the administration of testosterone.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
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Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36848
Sample Questions
Q1) The carousel apparatus has been used to study sleep deprivation in A) rats.
B) men and women.
C) children.
D) horses.
E) monkeys.
Q2) Desynchronized EEG is
A) low amplitude, high frequency.
B) low frequency.
C) high amplitude.
D) high amplitude, high frequency.
E) both B and C
Q3) Many cases of insomnia appear to be A) recuperative.
B) iatrogenic.
C) circadian.
D) associated with cataplexy.
E) psychotic.
Q4) Describe two theoretical perspectives of sleep.Which perspective is supported by comparative studies of sleep?
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Chapter 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36849
Sample Questions
Q1) Drug sensitization is the opposite of A) drug withdrawal.
B) physical dependence on drugs.
C) drug tolerance.
D) conditioned drug withdrawal effects.
E) drug addiction.
Q2) The longer that a drug-addicted individual remains abstinent,the greater the craving response to drug-related cues.This is called the ____________ of drug craving.
Q3) Psychoactive drugs are those that affect
A) the activity of the central nervous system.
B) subjective experience.
C) behavior.
D) all of the above
E) psychotic behavior.
Q4) Make three reasonable recommendations for improving the ways in which your country deals with the drug addiction problem.Base your recommendations on relevant research findings and logical arguments.
Q5) As drug addiction develops,the control of drug taking seems to spread from the ventral to the dorsal __________.
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Chapter 16: Lateralization, language, and the Split Brain
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Wernicke-Geschwind model,the visual form of a read word is translated into a meaningful auditory code by the left __________.
Q2) The strongest evidence for the linguistic theory of cerebral asymmetry comes from the study of
A) deaf people who use American Sign Language and subsequently suffer unilateral brain damage.
B) split-brain deaf people.
C) deaf monkeys with unilateral brain damage.
D) split-brain people with right-hemisphere damage.
E) deaf people with bilateral brain damage.
Q3) According to the Wernicke-Geschwind model,the cortical region indicated here plays a special role in
A) reading and writing.
B) sign language.
C) language comprehension.
D) language expression.
E) emotional language.
Q4) The inability to pronounce simple nonsense words is a symptom of __________ dyslexia.
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Chapter 17: Biopsychology of Emotion, stress, and Health
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36851
Sample Questions
Q1) In many mammals,social aggression often depends greatly on the organizational and activational effects of __________.
Q2) The __________ system received its name because it rings the thalamus.
Q3) In rats,boxing is
A) a defensive behavior.
B) directed at attacking conspecifics.
C) an aggressive behavior.
D) both A and B
E) none of the above
Q4) Each amygdala is
A) a single nucleus.
B) a cluster of many nuclei.
C) actually two distinct structures.
D) actually three distinct structures.
E) composed of a medulla and a cortex.
Q5) Each facial expression starts to develop slightly earlier on the __________ side of the face than on the other side.
Q6) True facial expressions sometimes momentarily break through false facial expressions.When this happens,the true expressions are referred to as __________.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ideal placebo is a control drug that produces the same __________ effects as the drug that is being tested.
A) therapeutic
B) side
C) psychological
D) neurochemical
E) comparative
Q2) Describe four anxiety disorders and the drugs that are used in their treatment.What have these drugs suggested about the mechanisms of anxiety disorders?
Q3) The main difficulty in diagnosing psychiatric disorders is that
A) patients suffering from the same psychiatric disorder often display different symptoms.
B) patients suffering from different psychiatric disorders often display the same symptoms.
C) dream analysis is subjective and expensive.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q4) Human clinical trials of new drugs are typically conducted in __________ different phases.
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