Human Biology Test Questions
Course Introduction
Human Biology explores the structure, function, and processes of the human body from the cellular to the organismal level. The course covers fundamental concepts in anatomy, physiology, genetics, immunology, and human development, with an emphasis on how these systems interact to maintain health and respond to disease. Students will examine the biological basis of human life, including energy production, homeostasis, and reproduction, while also considering topics such as nutrition, biotechnology, and the impact of lifestyle choices on overall well-being. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and case studies, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the biological principles that underlie human health and disease.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Physical Anthropology 9th Edition by Robert Jurmain
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832 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Physical Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the subdiscipline of osteology that is concerned with disease and trauma in earlier populations.
A) Forensic anthropology
B) Primatology
C) Anthropometry
D) Paleoanthropology
E) Paleopathology
Answer: E
Q2) The anthropological perspective does not
A) Offer a wider appreciation through time and space
B) Look at the diversity of the human experience
C) Help to avoid ethnocentric pitfalls
D) Give a wider appreciation of the human experience
E) Narrow our viewpoint of how our species through time and space.
Answer: E
Q3) The anthropological perspective proposes to broaden our viewpoint though time and space.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Development of Evolutionary Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The principle of uniformitarianism
A) stated that the geological processes that operated in the past are still occurring in the present
B) was a problem for the development of evolutionary theories
C) proposed that the earth was only a few thousand years old D) was the same as the theory of catastrophism
E) was first proposed by Georges Cuvier
Answer: A
Q2) Thomas Malthus did not
A) propose that population size is kept in check by the availability of resources
B) write An Essay on the Principle of Population
C) influence the development of Darwin's and Wallace's theories of natural selection
D) enter the discussion of evolution as an economist
E) argue against limits to human population growth.
Answer: E
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4
Chapter 3: The Biological Basis of Life Connections
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Sample Questions
Q1) In protein synthesis, the process called transcription is which of the following?
A) manufacture of tRNA
B) assembly of polypeptide chains
C) formation of a mRNA molecule
D) production of amino acids
E) manufacture of ribosomal RNA
Answer: C
Q2) Enzymes
A) are specialized proteins
B) are major constituents of body tissues
C) cannot break the bonds between bases throughout the DNA molecule
D) are not responsible for separating two previously joined strands of nucleotides
E) do not direct chemical reactions in the body
Answer: A
Q3) The discovery of the structure of DNA dates back to the late 1700s.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Heredity and Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) A manifestation of sickle-cell anemia is the abnormal hemoglobin S reduces the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is it called when a person possesses two different alleles at the same locus, and both alleles are expressed in the phenotype?
A) recessiveness
B) codominance
C) dominance
D) homozygosity
E) X-linkage
Q3) Evolution can be described as a two-stage process that includes which of the following?
A) genetic drift followed by migration
B) natural selection followed by migration
C) recombination followed by mutation
D) production of variation followed by natural selection acting on this variation
E) production and distribution of variation
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6
Chapter 5: Processes of Macroevolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are Monotremes?
A) marsupials
B) viviparous reptiles
C) egg-laying fish
D) placental mammals
E) egg-laying mammals
Q2) The variation that exists among individuals within a species is termed interspecific variation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the term for traits that reflect specific evolutionary lineages and can be informative of evolutionary relationships?
A) ancestral primitive)
B) acquired
C) derived modified)
D) convergent characters
E) analogies
Q4) Contrast the two schools of taxonomy: evolutionary systematics and cladistics.
Q5) Define the term "adaptive radiation" and why it is important to the principle of evolution.
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Chapter 6: An Overview of the Primates
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________ is seen in some New World monkeys, but not in any Old World monkeys.
A) A grasping hand
B) Quadrupedalism
C) An arboreal lifestyle
D) Color vision
E) A prehensile tail
Q2) Traditionally, primate characteristics have been explained as the result of adaptation to ________ environments.
A) terrestrial
B) rocky
C) arboreal
D) desert
E) ocean
Q3) Using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion is called
A) bipedalism
B) quadrupedalism
C) vertical clinging and leaping
D) brachiation
E) semi-brachiation
Q4) What primate traits are likely to be adaptations to arboreal lifestyles?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Primate Behavior
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Q1) Permanent male-female bonds are
A) common among nonhuman primates
B) not common among nonhuman primates
C) the basis of monogamous pairing typical of all nonhuman primate species
D) nonexistent in primates
E) known only in orangutans
Q2) Studies of nonhuman primate behavior
A) have no relevance for understanding human behavior
B) may provide valuable insights into human behavioral evolution
C) has not been shaped by genetic and environmental factors
D) offer familiar examples of individual and social behaviors but are not helpful in identifying the interactions between a number of environmental and physiological variables
E) are indicative of how humans were once monkeys
Q3) Chimpanzees have never been observed to modify twigs for termite fishing before actually arriving at the termite mound.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Contrast autonomic responses and behaviors with intentional behaviors that serve as communication.
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Chapter 8: Primate and Hominin Origins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some of the late Eocene primates have been found in Asia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Thermoluminescence can be used on which of the following?
A) Heated materials such as burned flint
B) fossilized plants
C) bone
D) sedimentary layers of dirt
E) petrified wood
Q3) What characteristics define a hominin? Discuss which aspects of your definition can be assessed in the fossil record.
Q4) _______ make the best samples for the K/Ar dating method.
A) Bones
B) Stone tools
C) Ostrich shells
D) Teeth
E) Volcanic rocks
Q5) Remains of early genus Homo have been found in both East and South Africa.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: The First Dispersal of the Genus Homo: Homo
Erectus and Contemporaries
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Q1) When compared to large-bodied earlier Homo specimens, Homo erectus relative brain size is
A) about the same
B) much smaller
C) about twice as large
D) about 25 percent as large
E) is unimportant in discussions of hominin development
Q2) By far the largest collection of Homo erectus remains have been found at
A) Sangiran
B) Zhoukoudian
C) Olduvai
D) Trinil
E) Lantian
Q3) Homo erectus discoveries from East Africa of firmly dated fossils have established the clear presence by
A) 2.8 mya
B) 1.7 mya
C) 800,000 ya
D) 3.2 mya
E) There are no H. erectus discoveries from East Africa
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Premodern Humans
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Sample Questions
Q1) List five major characteristics of Middle Pleistocene culture.
Q2) The Mousterian stone tool tradition
A) was developed by Homo erectus.
B) is associated with Neandertals only.
C) is found in Asia only.
D) is found in Western Europe only.
E) is not always associated with just Neandertals, since sometimes it is found with modern humans.
Q3) The majority of Neandertal fossils been found in _____________where they have been most studied.
A) South America
B) Asia
C) India
D) Africa
E) Europe
Q4) The evolutionary roots of Neandertals are shrouded in mystery because there are no fossils from western Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the cranial and postcranial anatomy of Neandertal skeletons.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans
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Sample Questions
Q1) The skeletal remains of Homo floresiensis are notable for each of the following characteristics or assumptions except
A) the short stature.
B) the small cranial capacity
C) they were living 13,000 years ago.
D) their predecessors were perhaps H. erectus populations
E) they came to Flores on rafts, the remains of which were recovered from the island of Flores
Q2) Recent analyses have shown that the mtDNA from fossil modern human skeletons is somewhat limited because mtDNA is a fairly small segment of DAN, and is transmitted between generations as a single unit.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The question of whether modern humans and Neandertals interbred at some point
A) was settled about ten years ago
B) was never an issue among paleoanthropologists
C) is far from settled
D) was called into question with the discoveries at Zhoukoudian E) is established based on genetic evidence.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Human Variation and Adaptation
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Sample Questions
Q1) In its most common biological usage, the term race
A) has precise definitions agreed upon all anthropologists
B) refers to the geographically patterned phenotypic variation within a species C) refers only to skin color
D) refers only to IQ
E) refers to a person's nationality
Q2) The ABO system is interesting from an anthropological perspective because it A) illustrates that allele frequencies do NOT vary among populations B) illustrates that some allele frequencies DO vary among populations C) demonstrates that natural selection does not alter allele frequencies D) has never been convincingly demonstrated for any allele E) is no longer present in human populations
Q3) Forensic anthropologists must deal with the race concept because they are asked by law enforcement agencies to identify an individual's race from skeletal remains. A)True B)False
Q4) Define the term race. How does the modern use of race differ from the 19<sup>th</sup> century use of race?
Q5) Explain the historical views on human variation.
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Chapter 13: Legacies of Human Evolutionary History: Effects on
the Individual
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Sample Questions
Q1) A long period of female postreproductive time is found in which of the following?
A) chimpanzees
B) gorillas
C) all monkeys
D) lemurs
E) humans
Q2) Chimpanzees that are orphaned before they are weaned
A) usually have the longest life-spans
B) have increased reproductive success
C) are emotionally dependant on their mothers
D) are not affected
E) usually die
Q3) Which of the following is not true about human childhood?
A) Humans have unusually long childhoods.
B) Childhood is key to the learning in humans.
C) It is defined as the time between weaning and puberty.
D) It is an extremely short stage of human life.
E) It is a vulnerable stage of human development.
Q4) Define senescence. Discuss one hypothesis that attempts to explain senescence.
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Chapter 14: The Human Disconnection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give examples of recent proposed goals of the UN to be reached by 2020.
Q2) Clearly, much of the responsibility for the world's problems rests squarely on the shoulders of the
A) community of research scientists.
B) educators of girls and women.
C) oceanographers.
D) industrialized west.
E) nonindustrialized east.
Q3) Of the mass extinction events occurring in the past 570 million years, _________of them altered all of the earth's ecosystems.
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) None
E) Four
Q4) The most immediate risk of acidification of the oceans is to the whales and dolphins off the western coasts of North America.
A)True
B)False
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