Human Biology Question Bank
Course Introduction
Human Biology explores the structure, function, and processes of the human body, emphasizing the biological principles underlying human health and disease. The course covers topics such as cell biology, genetics, physiology, anatomy, reproduction, development, and the body's response to environmental factors. Through an integration of theory and real-world examples, students gain an understanding of how the various systems of the human body interact and maintain homeostasis, as well as how lifestyle, genetics, and pathogens can influence health.
Recommended Textbook
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology 5th Edition by Bruce M. Carlson
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18 Chapters
301 Verified Questions
301 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1308
Page 2
Chapter 1: Getting Ready for Pregnancy
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26053
Sample Questions
Q1) The first meiotic block in the human female gamete occurs in the ____________.
A)Zygotene stage
B)Diplotene stage
C)Diakinesis stage
D)Metaphase I stage
E)Metaphase II stage
Answer: B
Q2) In a lawsuit,a woman contends that a congenital malformation of her child was due to her falling down on an icy sidewalk when she was in her eighth week of pregnancy (menstruation age).How many weeks after fertilization (fertilization age)was the embryo at the time of the fall?
A)4 weeks
B)6 weeks
C)8 weeks
D)10 weeks
E)12 weeks
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Transport of Gametes and Fertilization
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26054
Sample Questions
Q1) During the fertilization process,acrosin functions
A)To assist the sperm in penetrating the zona pellucida
B)To initiate the acrosomal reaction
C)To bind the sperm to the plasma membrane of the egg
D)As a sperm attractant
E)To stabilize the plasma membrane of the sperm
Answer: A
Q2) Under the influence of estrogens secreted before ovulation,which of the following changes in the female reproduction tracts occur(s)to facilitate the transport of the ovulated egg and/or spermatozoa?
A)Decreased smooth muscle activity
B)Increased viscosity of the cervical mucus
C)Increased ciliation of the epithelium of the uterine tube
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Cleavage and Implantation
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26055
Sample Questions
Q1) In the construction of a tetraparental mouse,what property of the cleaving embryo allows the formation of a single mouse from two separate embryos?
A)Induction
B)Bateson's rule
C)Regulation
D)Differentiation
E)Restriction
Answer: C
Q2) What is the most common condition associated with spontaneously aborted embryos?
A)Maternal imprinting
B)Lithopedion
C)Ectopic pregnancy
D)Chromosomal abnormalities
E)Lack of X-chromosome inactivation
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Molecular Basis for Embryonic Development
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26056
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following families of transcription factors contain(s)a homeobox?
A)Lim
B)Pax
C)Msx
D)Dlx
E)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following is/are properties of Hox genes?
A)Twelve paralogous groups
B)5 genes expressed in more anterior structures than 3 genes
C)Four clusters of Hox genes located on two chromosomes
D)Expressed in developing segmented structures
E)All of the above
Q3) Which growth factor must be combined with cholesterol to be active?
A)Sonic hedgehog
B)Fibroblast growth factor-2
C)Transforming growth factor-
D)Bone morphogenetic protein-7
E)None of the above
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6
Chapter 5: Formation of Germ Layers and Early Derivatives
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26057
Sample Questions
Q1) The absence of which molecule results in an embryo missing the anterior part of the head?
A)Retinoic acid
B)Lim-1
C)Bone morphogenetic protein-4
D)Chordin
E)None of the above
Q2) Precursor cells of which of the following embryonic tissues pass through the primitive streak?
A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Neural crest
C)Yolk sac endoderm
D)Amniotic ectoderm
E)None of the above
Q3) A key molecule in the determination of body asymmetry is ________________.
A)Retinoic acid
B)Notch
C)Nodal
D)Bone morphogenetic protein
E)None of the above
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Chapter 6: Establishment of the Basic Embryonic Body Plan
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26058
Sample Questions
Q1) Blood islands form from the _______________.
A)Splanchnic mesoderm of the yolk sac
B)Endocardial tube
C)Yolk sac endoderm
D)Splanchnic mesoderm of the foregut
E)Cardiogenic mesoderm
Q2) The oropharyngeal membrane breaks down in the early embryo because it is lacking in ________________.
A)Ectoderm
B)Mesoderm
C)Endoderm
D)None of the above
Q3) Which structure consists of ectoderm directly abutting endoderm?
A)Cloacal plate
B)Amniotic membrane
C)Yolk sac
D)Neural tube
E)Placental villus
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8
Chapter 7: Placenta and Extraembryonic Membranes
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26059
Sample Questions
Q1) Blood vessels associated with which structure enter the fetal component of the placenta?
A)Allantois
B)Decidua basalis
C)Amnion
D)Yolk sac
E)Decidua parietalis
Q2) Which of the following is(are)derived from embryonic cells?
A)Decidua basalis
B)Decidua capsularis
C)Decidua parietalis
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q3) In the mature placenta,which fetal tissue directly interfaces with the maternal uterine connective tissue?
A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Syncytiotrophoblast
C)Extraembryonic mesoderm
D)Decidual cells
E)None of the above
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Chapter 8: Developmental Disorders: Causes, mechanisms, and Patterns
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26060
Sample Questions
Q1) Phocomelia is most likely to be seen after maternal exposure to which of the following teratogenic agents during the first trimester of pregnancy?
A)Alcohol
B)Aminopterin
C)Androgens
D)Ionizing radiation
E)Thalidomide
Q2) Amniotic mesoderm is situated most closely to the _______________.
A)Amniotic cavity
B)Embryonic ectoderm
C)Extraembryonic coelom
D)Yolk sac endoderm
E)Cytotrophoblast
Q3) Which of the following anomalies can be attributed to a disturbance in tissue resorption?
A)Pelvic kidney
B)Cleft lip
C)Anal atresia
D)Renal agenesis
E)Intrauterine digital amputation
10
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Chapter 9: Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26061
Sample Questions
Q1) Which molecule steers mesenchymal cells toward an osteogenic program?
A)Sox-9
B)Sonic hedgehog
C)Runx-2
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q2) Which of the following associations is correct?
A)MyoD - smooth muscle
B)Mitosis - cardiac muscle
C)Satellite cells - smooth muscle
D)MyoD - cardiac muscle
E)Splanchnic mesoderm - skeletal muscle
Q3) A ________________ is a mononuclear cell committed to forming only skeletal muscle.
A)Myoblast
B)Mesenchymal cell
C)Myotube
D)Schwann cell
E)Melanocyte
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Chapter 10: Limb Development
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26062
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following associations of tissues contributing to the limb is incorrect?
A)Somite - myoblasts
B)Neural crest - pigment cells
C)Neural tube - motor axons
D)Splanchnopleure of the lateral plate - skeleton
E)Neural crest - sensory axons and Schwann cells
Q2) A mutation of Hoxa-13 is characterized by ______________.
A)Diplopia
B)Shortened phalanges
C)Syndactyly
D)Triphalangeal thumb
E)Amelia
Q3) Which anomaly is due to the absence of programmed cell death?
A)Triphalangeal thumb
B)Phocomelia
C)Polydactyly
D)Syndactyly
E)Diplopodia
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Chapter 11: Nervous System
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26063
Sample Questions
Q1) The cell bodies of sensory neurons arise from the ______________.
A)Alar plate
B)Basal plate
C)Floor plate
D)Roof plate
E)Neural crest
Q2) The first rhombomere is characterized by the expression of _____________.
A)Hoxa-1
B)Hoxb-2
C)Otx-2
D)Sonic hedgehog
E)None of the above
Q3) ?The alar plate is most closely associated with which function of the central nervous system?
A)Motor
B)Sympathetic
C)Sensory
D)Parasympathetic
E)None of the above
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Neural Crest
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26064
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cell and tissue types arises from cranial,but not trunk,neural crest cells?
A)Sensory ganglia
B)Adrenal medulla
C)Melanocytes
D)Schwann cells
E)None of the above
Q2) A newborn exhibits multiple congenital defects including a cleft palate,deafness,ocular hypertelorism,and a white forelock but otherwise dark hair on his head.The probable diagnosis is ________________________:
A)von Recklinghausen's disease
B)Hirschsprung's disease
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Arnold-Chiari malformation
E)Waardenburg syndrome
Q3) Which of the following might be associated with von Recklinghausen's disease?
A)Café au lait spots
B)Neurofibromas
C)Gigantism of the limb
D)All of the above
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Chapter 13: Sense Organs
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26065
Sample Questions
Q1) The epithelial lining of the middle ear cavity and auditory tube arises from the
A)Pharyngeal endoderm
B)Neural crest
C)Otic placode
D)Paraxial mesoderm
E)Otocyst
Q2) Coloboma results from _________________.
A)Nonclosure of the choroid fissure of the iris
B)Lack of induction by the lens
C)Lack of induction by the otic vesicle
D)Hypoplasia of the first pharyngeal arch
E)Incomplete migration of fourth pharyngeal pouch endoderm
Q3) Which of the following associations is incorrect?
A)Optic cup - neural retina
B)Neural crest - sphincter/dilator papillae muscles
C)Ectodermal placode - lens
D)Neural crest - pigment layer of the retina
E)Neural crest - corneal endothelium
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Head and Neck
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26066
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following associations is correct?
A)Enamel - Oral ectoderm; Dentine - Oral ectoderm
B)Enamel - Oral ectoderm; Dentine - Cranial mesoderm
C)Enamel - Neural crest ectoderm; Dentine - Neural crest ectoderm
D)Enamel - Oral ectoderm; Dentine - Neural crest ectoderm
E)Enamel - Neural crest ectoderm; Dentine - Cranial mesoderm
Q2) Which family of molecules is heavily involved in patterning along the (proximodistal)length of the embryonic mandible?
A)Dlx
B)Otx
C)Hedgehog
D)Msx
E)None of the above
Q3) Cleft lip results from a lack of fusion of the _______________.
A)Nasomedial and nasolateral processes
B)Nasomedial and maxillary processes
C)Nasolateral and maxillary processes
D)Nasolateral and mandibular processes
E)Nasomedial and mandibular processes
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Digestive and Respiratory Systems and Body
Cavities
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26067
Sample Questions
Q1) The yolk stalk (duct)is most closely associated with which artery?
A)Celiac artery
B)Umbilical artery
C)Superior mesenteric artery
D)Aorta
E)Inferior mesenteric artery
Q2) Compression of a lung can occur in association with _________________.
A)Diaphragmatic hernia
B)Omphalocele
C)Volvulus
D)Tracheoesophageal fistula
E)Meckel's diverticulum
Q3) Meckel's diverticulum is most commonly located in the _____________.
A)Ileum
B)Ascending colon
C)Jejunum
D)Transverse colon
E)Duodenum
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Chapter 16: Urogenital System
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26068
Sample Questions
Q1) In development of the male reproductive system,the SRY gene product acts directly on the _______________.
A)Mesonephric (wolffian) ducts
B)Paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts
C)Undifferentiated gonad
D)Seminal vesicle
E)Genital tubercle
Q2) Which of the following does not connect directly with the primary nephric (wolffian)duct?
A)Metanephros
B)Cloaca
C)Nephrotomes
D)Mesonephric tubules
E)Ureteric bud
Q3) ___________ is essential for development of the mesonephros.
A)WT-1
B)Hoxb-4
C)Wnt-1
D)Pax-2
E)En-2
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Chapter 17: Cardiovascular System
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26069
Sample Questions
Q1) Which defect can be related to the neural crest?
A)Patent ductus arteriosus
B)Persistent truncus arteriosus
C)Atrial septal defect
D)Anomalous pulmonary return
E)None of the above
Q2) Which of the following cardiac malformations requires the presence of a secondary defect to be compatible with life?
A)Interatrial septal defect
B)Interventricular septal defect
C)Patent ductus arteriosus
D)Tricuspid atresia
E)None of the above
Q3) Nucleated erythrocytes found in the embryo are produced in the _____________.
A)Yolk sac
B)Para-aortic clusters
C)Liver
D)Bone marrow
E)None of the above
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Chapter 18: Fetal Period and Birth
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8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26070
Sample Questions
Q1) Three days after birth,an infant becomes cyanotic during a prolonged crying spell.The cyanosis is due to venous blood entering the systemic circulation through the
A)Interatrial septum
B)Ductus arteriosus
C)Ductus venosus
D)Umbilical vein
E)Interventricular septum
Q2) Insufficient production of ________________ is the most common cause of reduced survival in infants born 8 weeks prematurely.
A)Testosterone
B)Meconium
C)Urine
D)Insulin
E)Pulmonary surfactant
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