Human Biology
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Human Biology explores the structure and function of the human body, examining the biological principles underlying human health, development, and disease. This course covers fundamental topics such as cell biology, genetics, anatomy, physiology, and the immune system, while also addressing the interrelationship between body systems and the impact of lifestyle, environment, and evolution on human biology. Students will gain insights into how the human body maintains homeostasis and adapts to internal and external changes, preparing them for further studies in health sciences and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Human Physiology From Cells to Systems 4th Canadian Edition by Lauralee Sherwood
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17 Chapters
4668 Verified Questions
4668 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Factors that are homeostatically regulated are maintained at a constant, fixed level unless disease is present.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of these statements describes negative feedback
A)A change in a regulated variable triggers a response by the effector that opposes the change.
B)The input to a system increases the output, and the output limits its own production by inhibiting the input.
C)A control system's input and output continue to enhance each other in order to maintain homeostasis.
D)It is the main operating principle of most of the body's homeostatic control mechanisms.
Answer: B
Q3) ____________________ tissue is composed of cells specialized for contraction and force generation.
Answer: Muscle
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3
Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
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492 Verified Questions
492 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A stimulus that is too weak to depolarize the membrane to threshold produces an action potential smaller than normal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Assume that a membrane that is permeable to Na but not to Cl<sup>-</sup> separates two solutions.The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is much higher than on side 2.Which of these ionic movements will take place
A)Na<sup>+</sup> will move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (i.e., until the concentration of Na on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na on side 1).
B)Cl<sup>-</sup> will move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2.
C)A membrane potential, negative on side 1, will develop.
D)A membrane potential, positive on side 1, will develop.
Answer: C
Q3) ____________________ is a positive ion that tends to leak out of cells passively.
Answer: Potassium
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Central Nervous System
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314 Verified Questions
314 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The corpus callosum interconnects which of the following
A)the brain stem and the cerebellum
B)the brain stem and the diencephalon
C)the hypothalamus and the thalamus
D)the two cerebral hemispheres
Answer: D
Q2) The cells that form the walls of the brain capillaries have the inherent ability to form tight junctions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Dura mater is the innermost meningeal layer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The motor cortex on the frontal lobe is not the only brain region involved in motor control.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory,
Autonomic, Somatic
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434 Verified Questions
434 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Myopia is another name for ____________________.
Q2) Depolarization of the motor end plate results from more ____________________ ions entering the cell than ____________________ ions leaving the cell.
Q3) innervates skeletal muscle
A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
D)neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic nervous system
Q4) has a long preganglionic fibre and a short postganglionic fibre
A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
D)neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic nervous system
Q5) Which of these conditions is caused by uneven curvatures in the lens
A)astigmatism
B)myopia
C)presbyopia
D)hyperopia
Q6) Night blindness develops from a deficiency of vitamin ____________________. Page 6
Q7) The ____________________ is the ossicle attached to the oval window.
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Chapter 5: Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands
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260 Verified Questions
260 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) dissolve bone
A)osteocytes
B)osteoblasts
C)osteoclasts
Q2) Oxytocin and vasopressin are carried in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Lipophilic (hydrophobic) hormones circulate in the blood largely bound to plasma proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The posterior pituitary secretes LH.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The SCN is located in the ____________________ of the brain.
Q6) Most hormone secretion is regulated by some form of ____________________ feedback.
Q7) Compare and contrast the receptor and postreceptor events for lipophilic and hydrophilic hormones. Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 6: The Endocrine Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of these biochemical events does NOT take place during thyroid hormone synthesis
A)one monoiodotyrosine molecule combining with one diiodotyrosine molecule to form one triiodothyronine molecule
B)two iodine molecules combining with one tyrosine molecule to form one diiodotyrosine molecule
C)two diiodotyrosine molecules combining to form one molecule of thyroxine
D)four iodine molecules combining with one tyrosine molecule to form one tetraiodothyronine molecule
Q3) Hypernatraemia is a body's retention of _____________________.
Q4) PTH is the most important hormone in the control of calcium metabolism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids yields a group of compounds called _____________________, which can be utilized by the brain for energy during starvation.
Q6) Describe the controls over secretion of mineralo- and glucocorticoids.
Page 10
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Chapter 7: Muscle Physiology
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303 Verified Questions
303 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The contractile response of a muscle fibre to a single action potential is called a(n)
Q2) does not accomplish any work
A)isometric contraction
B)isotonic contraction
Q3) Which of these actions happens during muscle contraction
A)The contractile proteins contract.
B)The A band becomes shorter.
C)The H zone becomes smaller or disappears.
D)The I band remains unchanged.
Q4) behave(s) as a functional syncytium
A)skeletal muscle only
B)single-unit smooth muscle only
C)cardiac muscle only
D)skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
E)skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle
F)single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
G)skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles
Q5) Compare and contrast isotonic versus isometric contractions.
Q6) ____________________ are the intracellular signal for contraction.
Page 11
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Chapter 8: Cardiac Physiology
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267 Verified Questions
267 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the blood within the ventricles is ejected during ventricular systole.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The extent of ventricular filling is the preload of the heart, whereas the magnitude of the arterial blood pressure is the afterload of the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An increase in the length of the cardiac muscle fibres prior to contraction ____________________ the stroke volume.
Q4) The extent of myocardial infarction is dependent on ____________________ and ____________________.
Q5) induces coronary vasodilation
A)gap junction
B)HDL
C)functional syncytium
D)heart valve
E)pericardial sac
F)LDL
G)adenosine
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Chapter 9: Vascular Physiology
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262 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The receptors for the baroreceptor reflex are located in the ____________________ and ____________________, whereas the integrating centre is the ____________________ located in the ____________________.The efferent pathway for this reflex is the ____________________.The effector organs are the ____________________ and ____________________.
Q2) Which of the following represents postural (orthostatic) hypotension
A)a shock-like state that affects the elderly
B)an abnormally low blood pressure in the supine position
C)a permanent decrease in blood pressure in a long-bedridden patient
D)an abnormal and transient drop in blood pressure on assumption of the upright position
Q3) Cardiac contraction induces blood flow in the arterial system, but it has no influence on blood flow in the veins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The pulse pressure is the maximum pressure exerted in the arteries.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the roles of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system
Page 13
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Chapter 10: The Blood
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199 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The clotting process involves a cascade of ____________________ activations.
Q2) Which of these leukocyte types is implicated in certain allergic reactions, and attacks internal parasites such as worms
A)neutrophils
B)eosinophils
C)basophils
D)lymphocytes
Q3) Basophils are the least numerous of the leukocytes per cubic millimetre.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the different kinds of white blood cells, and how are they produced
Q5) By far the most abundant of the cellular elements in the blood are the ____________________.
Q6) Specific hormones direct the differentiation and proliferation of the various types of white blood cells.
A)True
B)False
Q7) ____________________ anaemia results from the failure of the bone marrow to produce sufficient numbers of red blood cells.
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Chapter 11: Body Defences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Myasthenia gravis is a(n) ____________________ disease.
Q2) suppress both B-cell and T-cell activity
A)applies to cytotoxic T cells
B)applies to helper T cells
C)applies to suppressor T cells
D)applies to both helper T and suppressor T cells
E)applies to all three types of T cells
Q3) located in the "arm" regions of an antibody
A)applies to the Fab region
B)applies to the Fc region
Q4) Type AB blood can be donated to anyone because it lacks both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of these statements describes cytotoxic T cells
A)They can cause death of an infected host cell by releasing granzymes.
B)They secrete B-cell growth factor and T-cell growth factor.
C)They confer greater phagocytic properties on macrophages, converting them into angry macrophages.
D)They bind with class II MHC glycoproteins.
Page 15
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Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of epinephrine lead to an increase in airway resistance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume
Q3) Describe the mechanics of ventilation.
Q4) The DRG consists mostly of ____________________ neurons.
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Chapter 13: The Urinary System
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276 Verified Questions
276 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Increased angiotensin II activation __________ aldosterone secretion.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on
Q3) What is the average glomerular filtration rate
A)125 mL/min
B)625 mL/min
C)750 mL/day
D)1140 mL/day
Q4) Which of these statements does NOT apply to the urinary bladder
A)It contracts when sympathetic nerves stimulate it.
B)Its wall is stretched by 200 to 400 mL of urine, which stimulates stretch receptors that initiate the micturition reflex.
C)It is a temporary storage site for urine.
D)It has two sphincters.
Q5) Urine is eliminated from the bladder through the ____________________.
Page 17
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Chapter 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance
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259 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intracellular fluid is divided into two compartments: the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.
A)True
B)False
Q3) compensated respiratory acidosis
A)[CO ] normal, [HCO -] decreased below normal
B)[CO ] normal, [HCO -] increased above normal
C)[CO ] increased above normal, [HCO -] normal
D)[CO ] decreased below normal,[ HCO -] normal
E)[CO ] decreased below normal, [HCO -] decreased below normal
F)[CO ] increased above normal, [HCO -] increased above normal
G)[CO ] decreased below normal, [HCO -] increased above normal
H)[CO ] increased above normal, [HCO -] decreased below normal
I)[CO ] normal, [HCO -] normal
Q4) The secretion of H by the tubular cells of the kidney is influenced by the gas
Q5) Cells change in size by ____________________ when immersed in a hypertonic ECF.
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ultimate source of the fluids secreted into the digestive tract is the plasma.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement does NOT pertain to the intrinsic plexuses
A)The myenteric plexus is located in the submucosa.
B)The plexuses innervate smooth muscle cells and exocrine and endocrine gland cells.
C)The plexuses are influenced by extrinsic nerves.
D)The plexuses coordinate local digestive tract activity.
Q3) The myenteric plexus is a nerve network located in the submucosa.
A)True
B)False
Q4) directly inhibits secretion of gastrin
A)fat in the duodenum
B)acid in the duodenum
C)acid in the stomach
D)protein in the stomach
Q5) Chylomicrons are large, coated droplets of ____________________.
Q6) The islets of ____________________ are the endocrine cells of the pancreas.
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Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ serves as the body's thermostat.
Q2) The only means of heat loss when the environmental temperature exceeds core temperature is ____________________.
Q3) Compare and contrast the various means by which the body loses and gains heat to and from the environment.
Q4) Internal energy expenditure is the energy utilized by the skeletal muscles when external objects are moved.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sustained exercise is the most common cause of hyperthermia.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which of these factors does NOT act as a satiety signal
A)cholecystokinin
B)increased glucose utilization
C)orexin
D)leptin
Q7) Describe the mechanisms the body uses for coordinating food intake with energy output.
Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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295 Verified Questions
295 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erection can occur only upon stimulation of the mechanoreceptors in the glans penis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An XX combination of sex chromosomes will always produce an anatomic female.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of these statements applies to the corpus luteum
A)It develops from the polar body after ovulation.
B)It develops from the fertilized ovum through a process of division and differentiation.
C)It develops from the ruptured follicle after ovulation.
D)During pregnancy, it is stimulated by estrogen and progesterone secretion from the placenta.
Q4) Mucus secretions from the male provide the primary lubricant for intercourse.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The third and final stage of labour involves the actual birth of the baby.
A)True
B)False
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