Course Introduction
Human Biology
Exam Materials
Human Biology explores the structure, function, and systems of the human body, offering a comprehensive overview of how the bodys organs and biological processes work together to maintain health and homeostasis. The course covers topics such as cellular biology, genetics, human anatomy and physiology, reproduction, development, immunity, and the impact of lifestyle and environment on health. By integrating scientific principles with real-life applications, students gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of the human body and the advances in medical science that shape health care and disease prevention.
Recommended Textbook
The Living World 8th Edition by George B Johnson
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1711 Verified Questions
1711 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process where organisms act to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is __________.
Answer: homeostasis
Q2) The method of uncovering general principles by carefully using the scientific method is called ________________ reasoning.
Answer: inductive
Q3) Which kingdom contains photosynthetic multicellular organisms that live on the land?
A)Fungi
B)Plantae
C)Animalia
D)Protista
E)Archaea
Answer: B
Q4) The different populations of all the species in a given area make up a(n):
A)community
B)association
C)ecosystem
D)population
Answer: A
Page 3
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Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ___________________ of atoms determine how atoms will react with each other.
A)protons
B)neutrons
C)nuclei
D)electrons
Answer: D
Q2) Most elements in nature exist as:
A)solitary unreactive atoms
B)mixtures of different isotopes
C)mixtures of gases
D)mixtures of liquids
Answer: B
Q3) In an atom,protons are always:
A)equal to the electrons
B)never equal to the electrons
C)equal to the neutrons
D)combined with the electrons to calculate the atomic mass
Answer: A
Q4) When water ionizes,the negatively charged OH fragment is the ____________ ion. Answer: hydroxide
4
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Chapter 3: Molecules of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chargaff's rule says:
A)that there are 20 amino acids that make up all proteins
B)that in DNA molecules,the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine and the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of guanine
C)lipids always will be hydrophobic molecules
D)that the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is 1:2:1 in carbohydrates
E)macromolecules are formed by dehydration synthesis reactions
Answer: B
Q2) Animals store energy in a polymer composed of many glucose molecules called:
A)starch
B)glycogen
C)cellulose
D)chitin
Answer: B
Q3) Lipids are insoluble in water because they are nonpolar.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to a plasma membrane,plant cells have ______________ which protect and support the plant cell.
Q2) When molecules move through a cell membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration by way of a channel protein,it is called:
A)osmosis
B)endocytosis
C)facilitated diffusion
D)exocytosis
Q3) The nucleus of the eukaryotic cell functions:
A)as the command center for the cell
B)to store the cell's hereditary information
C)to house the nucleolus
D)All of the choices are correct.
Q4) What structures are found within bacterial cells?
A)Ribosomes
B)Chloroplasts
C)Nucleus
D)Mitochondria
Q5) Cells engulfing large particles is called __________________.
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Chapter 5: Energy and Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Objects that are not actively moving but have the capacity to do so are said to possess:
A)kinetic energy
B)potential energy
C)entropy
D)living energy
Q2) Which are the components of an ATP molecule?
A)deoxyribose,3 phosphates,1 guanine
B)ribose,2 phosphates,1 thymine
C)deoxyribose,ribose,1 cytosine
D)ribose,3 phosphates,1 adenine
E)glucose,3 phosphates,1 guanine
Q3) All of the following are correct about energy except:
A)The biological world gets its energy from the sun.
B)Chemical bonds store potential energy.
C)All forms of energy can be converted to heat.
D)Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
E)A boulder perched on a hill has kinetic energy.
Q4) In __________ reactions,the products contain more energy than the reactants.
Q5) A measure of the degree of disorder in a system is called __________.
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Chapter 6: Photosynthesis: Acquiring Energy From the Sun
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Sample Questions
Q1) A pigment appears red if it absorbs red light.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Light energy arrives at earth in little packets called A)rays.
B)photons.
C)light waves.
D)wavelengths.
Q3) The molecule that supplies energy in the body is ___________.
Q4) A photosystem transfers the excitation energy gathered by its pigment molecules to a specific chlorophyll at the reaction center.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When carbon dioxide is low in the leaf,the Calvin cycle cannot proceed efficiently and the result is
A)light-independent reactions.
B)shutting down photosynthesis.
C)photorespiration.
D)cellular respiration.
Q6) How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration intimately related?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: How Cells Harvest Energy From Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the carbon dioxide that is made during aerobic respiration is from
A)glycolysis.
B)the Krebs cycle.
C)the electron transport chain.
D)the Calvin cycle.
E)chemiosmosis.
Q2) Select the correct sequence concerning glucose catabolism.
A)glycolysis - pyruvate - acetyl - CoA - electron transport chain - Krebs cycle
B)glycolysis - pyruvate - acetyl - CoA - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain
C)glycolysis - acetyl - CoA - pyruvate - electron transport chain - Krebs cycle
D)glycolysis - acetyl - CoA - pyruvate - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain
Q3) Electrons generated from the Krebs cycle go next to the
A)fermentation pathway.
B)formation of alcohol.
C)electron transport chain.
D)fluid portion of the mitochondrion.
Q4) Common end products of fermentation include __________ and _____.
Q5) During fermentation in yeast,acetaldehyde accepts a hydrogen atom from NADH and is converted to _______________.
Q6) _________ is an electron carrier similar to NADH.
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Chapter 8: Mitosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The daughter chromatids are separated and pulled to their respective poles during ___________________ of mitosis.
Q2) Describe what occurs during prophase of mitosis.
Q3) Pairs of chromosomes that have the same size,shape,and function are
Q4) During which stage of mitosis do replicated chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope disappears?
A)Interphase
B)Prophase
C)Telophase
D)Metaphase
E)Anaphase
Q5) When the chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane,you can conclude the cell is in:
A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)prophase
D)telophase
E)interphase
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Chapter 9: Meiosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which stage do chromosomes line up in pairs on the equatorial plane?
A)Metaphase I
B)Anaphase II
C)Metaphase II
D)Telophase I
E)Telophase II
Q2) During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
A)Prophase I
B)Anaphase I
C)Prophase II
D)Telophase II
Q3) The arrangement of the chromosomes in metaphase I of meiosis is not important as long as homologues pair.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the evolutionary significance of crossing over?
Q5) Meiosis involves four nuclear divisions.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The development of an adult from an unfertilized egg is called ___________.
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Chapter 10: Foundations of Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Foxes,cats,and rabbits have enzymes that are heat-sensitive,causing a seasonal variation in coat color due to:
A)an environmental effect
B)multiple alleles
C)pleiotropy
D)incomplete dominance
Q2) The degree of earlobe attachment in humans is inherited as a simple dominant of free earlobes,or as a recessive allele of attached earlobes.What is the probability that a woman with attached earlobes will have children with attached earlobes if their father has free earlobes,but his father had attached earlobes?
A)1 in 2
B)3 in 4
C)1 in 10
D)None
Q3) A woman with blood type B has a baby with blood type O.A man she says is the baby's father has blood type A,but he denies having fathered the child.Could he be the father?
Q4) Mendel's "factors" for inheritance are now known to be ________.
Q5) Why is coat color in Labrador retrievers an example of epistasis?
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Chapter 11: DNA: the Genetic Material
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there was a special relationship between individual bases that we now refer to as Chargaff's rule.His observation was that:
A)A = T and G = C
B)C = T and A = G
C)A + T = C + G
D)G = T and C = A
Q2) In DNA,the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine,and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A base substitution will lead to a frame-shift mutation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which scientists are credited for deducing the true structure of DNA?
A)Rosalind Franklin
B)Martha Chase and Frederick Griffith
C)James Watson and Francis Crick
D)Rachel Carson and Oswald Avery
Q5) The two strands of DNA are said to be __________ to one another.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: How Genes Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mRNA has a three-nucleotide sequence called a(n)_________,while the molecule transporting the amino acid has a complementary sequence called a(n)_______________.
A)anticodon,codon
B)triplet code,stop codon
C)base,complementary base
D)codon,anticodon
Q2) The use of information in DNA to produce proteins in the cytoplasm is
Q3) The genetic code is a ____________ code.
Q4) The molecule that carries each amino acid to its correct position along mRNA in the cytoplasm is:
A)ribosomal RNA
B)tRNA
C)mRNA
D)ATP
Q5) Describe the differences between DNA and RNA.
Q6) Biologists have found that the genetic code is universal,that the same triplet codons code for the same amino acids in almost all living things.Explain how this can be considered evidence for evolution.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Genomics and Biotechnology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain what has to happen to embryonic stem cells from a donor before they are used in a patient as a therapy.
Q2) When the method is perfected,it will be possible to transfer "healthy" genes into cystic fibrosis patients via aerosol inhalants to "cure" this genetic disease.Is this type of gene transfer an actual cure or is it a treatment? In other words,could this person still pass along cystic fibrosis genes?
Q3) How do you feel about cloning? Explain your position in the light of science.
Q4) Explain the techniques used in the cloning of "Dolly."
Q5) Do you feel there is any harm in cloning mammals? Why? Why not?
Q6) Do you feel there is any harm in eating genetically modified crops?
Q7) Explain how genomic imprinting works.
Q8) What are some of the benefits of transferring genes from one organism to another?
Q9) How is it possible that there are four times as many kinds of mRNA transcripts as there are genes in the human genome? This is possible because human genes are fragmented and use alternative splicing.
Q10) What is the correct order of events for sequencing DNA?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Evolution and Natural Selection
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Q1) When only a very few individuals give rise to a new population in a new area of favorable habitat,they might differ in appearance from the other,larger population from which they separated.This effect is called the:
A)mutation effect
B)founder effect
C)inbreeding effect
D)outbreeding effect
Q2) The final stimulus that convinced Darwin to publish his findings came from _____________,who had come to the same conclusion as Darwin from his own travels.
A)Thomas Malthus
B)Alfred Russell Wallace
C)John Henslow
D)Charles Lyell
Q3) All of the following are examples of vestigial structures except:
A)human gall bladder
B)pelvis in a whale
C)appendix in humans
D)All of these are vestigial.
Q4) What is the process of natural selection?
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Chapter 15: How We Name Living Things
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sets of kingdoms contain organisms that are capable of photosynthesis?
A)Bacteria and Fungi
B)Archaea and Animalia
C)Fungi and Protista
D)Protista and Plantae
E)Animalia and Plantae
Q2) In classification,the taxonomic group just below family is:
A)species
B)genus
C)order
D)class
E)phylum
Q3) Select the scientific name from the following names:
A)robin
B)tiger
C)Marmota
D)Apis mellifera
Q4) In the scientific name,Homo sapiens,"Homo" indicates the _________ of the organism,while "sapiens" indicates its __________.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Prokaryotes: the First Single-Celled Creatures
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Q1) Which of the following diseases can be considered among the most devastating of all time?
A)Influenza
B)Measles
C)Chicken pox
D)Herpes
Q2) The ________________ model proposes that when life originated,key chemical processes generating the building blocks of life were contained in a spherical structure.
Q3) Some bacteria attach to surfaces of other cells with short outgrowths called
Q4) All of the following are correct about biofilms except:
A)They are found on teeth.
B)They can form on contact lenses.
C)They are an association of bacterial cells that form on a substrate.
D)They are not associated with disease.
E)They can protect the bacteria from disinfectants and drugs.
Q5) Prokaryotes reproduce using a method called _________________.
Q6) A type of Archaea,known as _________________,use hydrogen gas to reduce carbon dioxide to methane.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Protists: Advent of the Eukaryotes
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Q1) Which of these kingdoms is the most diverse?
A)Protists
B)Fungi
C)Animal
D)Plant
Q2) Which group is believed to be ancestral to the plants?
A)Green algae
B)Brown algae
C)Red algae
D)Diatoms
Q3) The marine protists with pore-studded shells called tests belong to this group.
A)Sarcodina
B)Chlorophyta
C)Rhodophyta
D)Foraminifera
Q4) The vector that transfers the malarial parasite to humans is the:
A)mosquito
B)fly
C)meat
D)amoeba
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Chapter 18: Fungi Invade the Land
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Q1) Puffballs and shelf fungi belong to the ________________.
Q2) Why are lichens generally absent in cities?
A)They need more light.
B)They are sensitive to the high noise levels.
C)They are sensitive to pollution.
D)They need other plants around them.
E)They are aquatic organisms.
Q3) A fungal filament in which all the nuclei are genetically similar is said to be a
Q4) Which structure is typical of the basidiomycetes but not the other two groups?
A)Zygosporangium
B)Ascus
C)Hyphae
D)Basidium
Q5) Fungi differ from animals in that fungi:
A)have nonmotile sperm
B)have nuclear mitosis
C)have cell walls made up of chitin
D)All of these are correct.
Q6) The slender filaments that make up the body of a fungus are called
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Chapter 19: Evolution of the Animal Phyla
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Q1) Chordates are characterized by having a ________________,a dorsal,flexible supportive rod.
Q2) Segmentation was first apparent in the:
A)flatworms
B)annelids
C)chordates
D)vertebrates
Q3) The subkingdom of animals that lack symmetry and have no true tissues or organs is the:
A)Eumetazoa
B)Parazoa
C)Chordata
D)Vertebrata
Q4) The phylum that shows the greatest diversity,or the greatest number of species,is:
A)Arthropoda
B)Echinodermata
C)Chordata
D)Mollusca
Q5) Mollusks breathe using __________.
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Chapter 20: History of the Vertebrates
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Q1) Bony fishes possess a lateral line system to:
A)regulate oxygen concentrations in their blood
B)cleanse the blood from toxins
C)detect changes in water pressure
D)store urine until excreted
E)regulate their buoyancy
Q2) Almost all organisms alive today evolved from marine creatures alive at the beginning of the:
A)Cenozoic era
B)Precambrian time
C)Jurassic period
D)Paleozoic era
Q3) The first mammals very likely arose from ________________.
A)amphibians
B)dinosaurs
C)thecodonts
D)therapsids
Q4) Bony fish evolved ________________________ to help keep them afloat.
Q5) The ___________________ were the flying reptiles of dinosaur times.
Q6) The largest living reptiles ever on earth were the _____________.
Page 22
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Chapter 21: How Humans Evolved
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Q1) Evidence that early humans were able to walk upright includes:
A)shorter arms
B)bowl-shaped pelvis
C)spinal cord exits at the bottom of the skull
D)All of these are correct.
Q2) Prosimians look like gorillas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Humans and chimpanzees share _________ of their nuclear DNA.
A)55%
B)75.5%
C)85.4%
D)95%
E)98.6%
Q4) Why is the DNA of humans and chimpanzees so very similar?
Q5) According to a variety of gene data,which hypothesis is correct?
A)The Recently-Out-of-Africa model
B)The Multiregional hypothesis
C)They both may be correct
D)Neither is correct
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Chapter 22: The Animal Body and How It Moves
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Q1) Connective tissue includes blood cells.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The process of muscle contraction is controlled by phosphorus concentrations in the muscle cells.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The organ system of the human body that removes metabolic wastes from the bloodstream is the _______________ system.
A)digestive
B)urinary
C)lymphatic
D)respiratory
Q4) _______________________ is only a single cell layer thick and lines the major body cavities.
A)Columnar epithelium
B)Simple epithelium
C)Cuboidal epithelium
D)Stratified epithelium
Q5) Describe the nature and function of connective tissues.
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Chapter 23: Circulation
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Q1) The sinoatrial node controls the heart beat.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How do veins prevent the backflow of blood within them?
A)By having thick,muscular walls
B)Because of the tiny lumen inside them
C)They are capable of contracting
D)They possess flaplike valves
Q4) Megakaryocytes:
A)are important in the immune response
B)produce fibrin for blood clotting
C)give rise to platelets
D)carry carbon dioxide in the blood
Q5) Generally speaking,gills are never complex structures.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: Respiration
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Q1) The _________________ is a tumor suppressor,inspecting DNA and stopping cell division when it detects damage.
Q2) Why is smoking cigarettes so dangerous to human health?
Q3) Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to the same sites on the hemoglobin molecule at different times.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is impossible to get lung cancer unless you smoke cigarettes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Rank the following methods of acquiring oxygen from most to least efficient.
A)mammalian lungs \(\rarr\) fish gills \(\rarr\) avian lungs
B)avian lungs \(\rarr\)fish gills \(\rarr\)mammalian lungs
C)fish gills \(\rarr\) mammalian lungs \(\rarr\) avian lungs
D)fish gills \(\rarr\) avian lungs \(\rarr\)mammalian lungs
E)avian lungs \(\rarr\) mammalian lungs \(\rarr\) fish gills
Q6) Fish move water in only one direction over their gills,permitting countercurrent flow.
A)True
B)False
Page 26
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Chapter 25: The Path of Food Through the Animal Body
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Q1) A layer of calcified tissue called _______ surrounds the pulp cavity of a tooth.
A)pulp
B)enamel
C)dentin
D)the crown
E)cementum
Q2) The islets of Langerhans are in the ________ and produce ________.
A)pancreas;insulin
B)stomach;hydrochloric acid
C)stomach;intrinsic factor
D)mouth;saliva
E)liver;bile
Q3) The hormone ________ regulates the synthesis of HCl by parietal cells.
A)gastrin
B)insulin
C)pepsin
D)glucagons
Q4) Excessive acid produced by the stomach can erode a hole,called an ______________,in the lining of the stomach.
Q5) What are the three main functions of the stomach?
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Chapter 26: Maintaining the Internal Environment
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Q1) Explain how Bowman's capsule works.
Q2) The kidneys of the _____ are so efficient it never has to drink water.
A)frog
B)turtle
C)kangaroo rat
D)kangaroo
E)camel
Q3) Most mammals have uricase,which converts uric acid into ________.
A)urea
B)water
C)ammonia
D)allantoin
Q4) Which nutrient,when metabolized for energy,produces nitrogenous wastes?
A)Amino acids
B)Carbohydrates
C)Lipids
D)Vitamins
E)Minerals
Q5) ________________ is the final product to be expelled from the body after the kidney has reabsorbed needed nutrients and water.
Page 28
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Chapter 27: How the Animal Body Defends Itself
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Q1) Which immunoglobulin is the first type to be made during the primary response to an antigen?
A)IgM
B)IgG
C)IgD
D)IgA
E)IgE
Q2) When B cells are activated,some mass-produce antibodies,while others become __________________,to protect the body at a later date.
A)stationary cells
B)memory B cells
C)mast cells
D)memory T cells
Q3) __________ is a type of an allergic response in which the release of histamines triggers breathing passages to become narrow.
Q4) When macrophages send out chemical messages to the brain to warn of microbial invasion,the brain often responds by producing a _______________.
Q5) Will there soon be a vaccine for the virus causing AIDS? Explain.
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Chapter 28: The Nervous System
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Q1) Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which forms an excitatory synapse in ____ muscle and an inhibitory synapse in _____ muscle.
A)smooth;skeletal
B)skeletal;cardiac
C)cardiac;skeletal
D)skeletal;smooth
Q2) The left and right hemispheres of the brain are linked by tracts that cross in the area called the:
A)thalamus
B)corpus striatum
C)medulla oblongata
D)corpus callosum
Q3) Which is the only major phylum of animals that lack nerves?
A)Cnidarians
B)Nematodes
C)Platyhelminthes
D)Mollusks
E)Sponges
Q4) A __________ produces a rapid,automatic motor response to a stimulus.
Q5) Compare the sympathetic nervous system with the parasympathetic nervous system.
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Chapter 29: The Senses
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Q1) Describe the path that sound travels to reach the inner ear.
Q2) A lateral line system supplements the _______ sense of hearing.
A)fish's
B)bird's
C)snake's
D)whale's
E)shrew's
Q3) The sensory receptors that sense changes in the body's internal environment are called _______________.
Q4) What is not possible when eyes are located on the side of the head?
A)Seeing distances
B)Seeing in black and white
C)Seeing green
D)Depth perception
Q5) All sensory receptors are able to initiate nerve impulses by opening or closing:
A)voltage-gated channels
B)exteroreceptors
C)interoreceptors
D)stimulus-gated channels
Q6) Balance is associated with the movements of little __________ in the inner ear.
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Chapter 30: Chemical Signaling Within the Animal Body
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Q1) The peptide hormone,____________,regulates the kidney's retention of water.
Q2) ____________________ are peptide hormones derived from tyrosine and tryptophan.
Q3) _______________ hormone is significant in the female menstrual cycle,causing ovaries to become ready for ovulation.
A)Follicle-stimulating
B)Adrenocorticotropic
C)Prolactin
D)Growth
Q4) A second messenger:
A)is cyclic AMP
B)serves to amplify the signal
C)activates protein kinases
D)All of these are correct.
Q5) The adrenal ___________ releases adrenaline and norepinephrine.
Q6) All steroid hormones in the body are manufactured from ______________.
Q7) Prolactin stimulates the breasts to produce milk,which is released in response to oxytocin.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Explain how the hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary. Page 32
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Chapter 31: Reproduction and Development
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Q1) Why are the testes suspended outside the body in humans?
Q2) Ovulation in human females is triggered by:
A)a mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH)
B)the build-up of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C)intercourse
D)the readiness of the uterus to accept a zygote
Q3) Most mammals,most cartilaginous fish,some amphibians,and a few reptiles have young developing within the female and obtaining nutrients from her blood,a relationship known as ________________.
Q4) In ovoviviparity,the eggs,after being fertilized internally,are deposited outside the mother's body to complete their development.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the advantages of internal fertilization?
Q6) How many sperm cells are produced for every one primary spermatocyte?
Page 34
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Chapter 32: Evolution of Plants
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Q1) List two of several of the adaptations plants evolved to enhance their survival on land.
Q2) In some seeds,_____________ is used up in the formation of the cotyledons.
Q3) Which of the following typically pollinates red flowers?
A)Bees
B)Moths
C)Butterflies
D)Water
E)Hummingbirds
Q4) The first vascular plants occurred in the fossil record _________ years ago.
A)430 million
B)1 million
C)100,000
D)4.5 billion
Q5) Of what advantage might it be for a plant to produce a seed rather than to be seedless?
Q6) The embryo is located inside the cotyledon.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Flower parts are connected to a base called a _____________________.
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Chapter 33: Plant Form and Function
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Q1) Within the epidermis of leaves are ______________ through which gases,such as carbon dioxide and oxygen,pass.
A)vessel elements
B)trichomes
C)stomata
D)root hairs
Q2) Explain how scientists believe plants are able to raise water to great heights at the top of the tree.
Q3) Most plants acquire minerals from:
A)rain
B)air
C)soil
D)digested insects
Q4) The __________________ is a waxy band of cells surrounding endodermal cells in the root.
A)cortex
B)pericycle
C)root band
D)Casparian strip
Q5) The ___________ is a type of vascular tissue that conducts water.
Page 36
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Chapter 34: Plant Reproduction and Growth
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Q1) Which of these is a method evolved by angiosperms to attract pollinators to their flowers?
A)Offer them nectar
B)Colorful petals
C)Scent
D)All of these are correct.
Q2) What is the primary purpose of a fruit?
A)to disseminate seeds
B)to reward animals for pollination
C)to feed the growing embryo of the plant
D)to distract predators from the main plant
Q3) How do the flowers of wind-pollinated plants differ from those of insect-pollinated plants?
Q4) All of the following fruits are classified as drupes except:
A)olives
B)pears
C)plums
D)cherries
Q5) The female gametophyte,or megagametophyte,is the ________________ which develops from a megaspore.
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Chapter 35: Populations and Communities
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Q1) A type of symbiosis in which one species benefits from the relationship while the other neither benefits nor is harmed is called:
A)parasitism
B)mutualism
C)commensalism
D)benefitism
Q2) Species that live in the same geographical area are called sympatric.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When a lion competes with a zebra for water it is an example of interspecific competition.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is called ___________.
Q5) ______________ occurs when one organism physically resembles another.
Q6) Major terrestrial assemblages with similarly adapted plants,animals,and microorganisms that occur over wide geographical areas with distinct physical characteristics are referred to as ______________.
Q7) In what manner does predation reduce competition?
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Chapter 36: Ecosystems
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Q1) Several food chains woven together comprise a ______________.
Q2) Where is an estuary found?
A)Below the top 300 meters of the sea where there is no light.
B)At the top 100 meters of the sea.
C)It is a small temporary pond of water.
D)It is the water that forms at the mouth of a river where it meets the sea.
Q3) Life exists on Earth because of the constant flow of light energy from the Sun that is transformed into chemical energy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Earth completes one rotation about its axis every:
A)12 hours
B)1 day
C)1 month
D)1 year
Q5) Devise an example of a food chain with four links.
Q6) Biological magnification can lead to high levels of mercury and lead in organisms higher in the food chain.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 37: Behavior and the Environment
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Q1) Which type of mating system do most animals exhibit?
A)Polyandry
B)Polygyny
C)Monogamy
D)None of these choices are correct.
Q2) Discuss the difference between home range and territory.
Q3) Animals navigate by using two senses.One is called map sense and the other is called compass sense.Map sense is ____________;compass sense is
A)the learned ability to move in a particular direction;an innate ability to adjust a bearing depending on the animal's location
B)the learned ability to adjust a bearing depending on the animal's location;an innate ability to move in a particular direction
Q4) The field of _____ focuses on the ultimate cause of animal behavior in natural conditions.
Q5) Infants born blind will not smile or frown because they have never seen anyone exhibit these expressions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 38: Human Influences on the Living World
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Q1) Ten thousand years ago,when human populations began growing in number,the main reason was:
A)access to better medicine
B)a warming climate
C)extinction of large predators
D)the advent of agriculture
Q2) A 1% drop in atmospheric ozone is correlated with a _________ increase in the number of skin cancer patients.
A)1%
B)6%
C)25%
D)50%
Q3) Acid precipitation kills forest trees because it:
A)burns and scars their bark
B)destroys their symbiotic mycorrhizae
C)defoliates them
D)acidifies the surrounding lakes
Q4) How do you think our overpopulation problem will be solved? Support your answer with specific examples or ideas.
Q5) Agricultural chemicals include such things as _________________.
Page 41
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