Human Biology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Human Biology explores the structure, function, and processes of the human body at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic levels. The course examines fundamental concepts such as genetics, physiology, anatomy, and homeostasis, while also addressing human health, disease, and nutrition. Emphasizing the interdependence of body systems, Human Biology provides insights into how lifestyle, environment, and evolution influence our physical wellbeing, preparing students for advanced studies in health sciences, medicine, or related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Vanders Human Physiology 12th Edition by Eric Widmaier
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19 Chapters
1736 Verified Questions
1736 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3047
Page 2
Chapter 1: Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/60553
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are the most common effector cells in reflex arcs?
A)Neurons
B)Muscle cells
C)Gland cells
D)Both neurons and muscle cells are correct
E)Both muscle cells and gland cells are correct
Answer: E
Q2) Heart rate is affected by the release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream.This is an example of
A)Endocrine control
B)Exocrine control
C)Paracrine control
D)Direct neural control
E)None of the choices are correct
Answer: A
Q3) One function of epithelial cells is to form selective barriers regulating exchange of materials across them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the major ions in the body,the only one that carries a negative charge is
A)Chloride
B)Sodium
C)Potassium
D)Hydrogen
E)Calcium
Answer: A
Q2) The four most common elements in the body are hydrogen,carbon,calcium and oxygen.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A solution with a pH of 8 is more acidic than one with a pH of 3.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions are called ambidextrous.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The site where most of the ATP is generated in a cell is the A)Nucleus
B)Plasma membrane
C)Endoplasmic reticulum
D)Golgi apparatus
E)Mitochondria
Answer: E
Q2) Proteins destined to become integral membrane proteins have a signal sequence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Forms channels through the membrane is descriptive of
A)Integral membrane proteins
B)Peripheral membrane proteins
C)Both kinds of membrane proteins
Answer: A
Q4) With respect to the genetic language what do the words mean or stand for?
Answer: 61 code for amino acids,3 are "stop" signals
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Chapter 4: Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The clathrin protein so important to carrying out receptor mediated transport remains with an endosome as it moves deep within the cell and is degraded entirely along with the ingested internal contents.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Molecules increase their rate of diffusion as temperature increases.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Glucose enters most cells by
A)Diffusion through the lipid bilayer
B)Primary active transport
C)Secondary active transport
D)Diffusion through a protein channel
E)Endocytosis
Q4) Mediated transport is required in order for glucose,amino acids and fatty acids to pass into cells because these substances cannot diffuse through plasma membranes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The significance of plasma membrane receptors for chemical regulators such as hormones and neurotransmitters is that
A)They allow the regulators to affect cell functions while preventing them from entering into the cell's cytoplasm
B)They permit nonpolar chemical messengers to affect cell functions
C)They allow for signal amplification or a multiplier effect of the message
D)Both they allow the regulators to affect cell functions while preventing them from entering into the cell's cytoplasm and they permit nonpolar chemical messengers to affect cell functions are correct
E)All of the choices are correct
Q2) The enzyme that catalyzes the production of cAMP from ATP is phosphodiesterase. A)True
B)False
Q3) Eicosanoids are a family of ubiquitous,fatty-acid-derived,local chemical messengers.
A)True
B)False
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7
Chapter 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the
Nervous System
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Are propagated decrementally describes
A)Graded potentials
B)Action potentials
C)Both graded potentials and action potentials
D)Neither graded potentials nor action potentials
Q2) Neuron cell division and nervous system growth continue throughout life.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The lipid portion of a cell's plasma membrane constitutes a barrier to current.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During a hyperpolarizing graded potential,positively charged ions flow away from the site of the initial hyperpolarization on the outside of membrane and toward this site on the inside.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The most common neurotransmitters for neuroeffector communication are dopamine and acetylcholine.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Sensory Physiology
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hair cells in semicircular canals are
A)mechanoreceptors
B)chemoreceptors
C)both mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors
D)neither mechanoreceptors nor chemoreceptors
Q2) Vitamin A deficiency can lead to blindness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The conscious sensation of sight is a result of integration of information that is processed by cortical areas of the occipital,temporal,parietal and frontal lobes of the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Information from the vestibular system
A)Is conveyed in the form of action potentials in the optic nerve
B)Is conveyed to nerves controlling eye movements
C)Does not reach consciousness
D)Both is conveyed in the form of action potentials in the optic nerve and is conveyed to nerves controlling eye movements are correct
E)All of the choices are correct
9
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Chapter 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pulsate secretion of growth hormone is descriptive of or occurs during
A)Slow-wave sleep
B)Paradoxical sleep
C)Both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep
D)Neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep
Q2) An electroencephalogram
A)Is a record of action potentials in the brain
B)Records the potential difference between two points on the scalp's surface
C)Is a pattern of complex waves with amplitudes similar to those of action potentials
D)Is both is a record of action potentials in the brain and records the potential difference between two points on the scalp's surface
E)Both records the potential difference between two points on the scalp's surface and is both is a record of action potentials in the brain and records the potential difference between two points on the scalp's surface are correct
Q3) Learning is generally facilitated if the material to be learned is emotionally neutral.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Muscle
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A myofibril is
A)A skeletal-muscle cell
B)Composed of filaments
C)Composed of proteins
D)Both a skeletal-muscle cell and composed of filaments
E)Both composed of filaments and composed of proteins
Q2) One cause of fatigue in fast-glycolytic muscle fibers is
A)Depletion of ATP in the fiber
B)Depletion of creatine phosphate in the fiber
C)Depletion of oxygen in the fiber
D)Accumulation of potassium ion in the lumen of T tubules
E)All of the choices are correct
Q3) The myosin in smooth-muscle cells differs from that in skeletal muscle in that smooth-muscle myosin requires phosphorylation before it can bind to actin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fast myosin ATPase activity is typical of which type of skeletal-muscle fibers?
A)Type I
B)Type II
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Chapter 10: Control of Body Movement
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52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding disorders of body movement is/are correct?
A)In Parkinson's disease, input from the basal ganglia to the thalamus is impaired
B)Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include impairment of the ability to initiate voluntary movement
C)Symptoms of damage to the cerebellum include difficulty in maintaining balance while walking
D)Both in Parkinson's disease, input from the basal ganglia to the thalamus is impaired and symptoms of Parkinson's disease include impairment of the ability to initiate voluntary movement are correct
E)All of the choices are correct
Q2) Golgi tendon organs
A)Are located in the tendons joining muscle and bone
B)Monitor the strength of muscle contractions
C)Are associated with monosynaptic reflexes
D)Both are located in the tendons joining muscle and bone and monitor the strength of muscle contractions are correct
E)All of the choices are correct
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12
Chapter 11: The Endocrine System
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Long-loop negative feedback differs from short-loop negative feedback by
A)The distance that the chemical regulator must travel to reach its site of action
B)Whether or not autocrine or paracrine signals such as prostaglandins are involved
C)Whether or not the hormonal product of a peripheral target organ (e.g., the gonads or adrenals) is involved
D)All of the choices are correct
E)None of the choices are correct
Q2) A hypothalamic tumor that secretes large amounts of somatostatin may cause dwarfism in a young child.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary include
A)Vasopressin
B)Corticotropin
C)Oxytocin
D)Vasopressin and corticotropin
E)Vasopressin and oxytocin
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13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distinguishing characteristics of veins include which of the following?
A)All veins carry deoxygenated blood
B)All veins carry blood toward the heart
C)All veins have thick, elastic walls
D)Both all veins carry deoxygenated blood and all veins carry blood toward the heart are correct
E)Both all veins carry blood toward the heart and all veins have thick, elastic walls are correct
Q2) If action potential propagation through the bundle of His were blocked,which of the following events would you expect to occur?
A)There would be a slowing of the rate of contraction of the ventricles
B)The atria would contract more frequently than the ventricles
C)The SA node would no longer set the pace for atrial contraction
D)Both there would be a slowing of the rate of contraction of the ventricles and the atria would contract more frequently than the ventricles would occur
E)All of these things would occur
Q3) The QRS wave of the ECG corresponds to depolarization of the atria.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Respiratory Physiology
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the chemical combination of
A)H2O and O2
B)H2O and CO2
C)H2O and CO
D)H+ and HCO3-
E)None of these choices
Q2) When a person hyperventilates,there are lower than normal levels of \(\mathrm { P } _ { \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } }\) and hydrogen ion in arterial blood,a condition called respiratory alkalosis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Under normal circumstances,an increase in transpulmonary pressure will result in
A)Inhalation/inspiration
B)Exhalation/expiration
C)A collapsed lung
D)All of these things
E)None of these things
Q4) At sea level \(P _ { o _ { 2 } }\) ,is about 760 mm Hg.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Formation of a highly concentrated urine is dependent upon
A)Elevated levels of vasopressin in the plasma
B)Elevated levels of aldosterone in the plasma
C)Active transport of Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> by the descending limb of the loops of Henle
D)Elevated levels of vasopressin in the plasma and elevated levels of aldosterone in the plasma
E)All of the choices are correct
Q2) Renal regulation of extracellular H<sup>+</sup> concentration is dependent upon regulating
A)The amount of hydrogen ion filtered by the kidneys
B)The amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the kidneys
C)The amount of bicarbonate ion excreted by the kidneys
D)The amount of hydrogen ion filtered by the kidneys and the amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the kidneys
E)The amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the kidneys and the amount of bicarbonate ion excreted by the kidneys
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Digestion and Absorption of Food
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by all of the following,except:
A)Bleeding, edema, and ulceration anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract
B)Diarrhea and excessively loose and watery stools
C)Perforations in the mucosa and intestinal wall leading to infection by bacteria which are normally present and benign
D)Can cause inflammation and thickening of the bowel wall to the point of preventing the usual passage of feces
E)Pain in the lower right abdomen frequently mistaken for appendicitis
Q2) Severe diarrhea can lead to metabolic acidosis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Short chains of amino acids and some intact proteins are absorbed from the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The pH of the contents of the stomach lumen is considerably higher than that of interstitial fluid.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance
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88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones refers to their effect in increasing the rate at which the body synthesizes protein and fat.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Catabolic hormones or conditions include the following:
A)Elevated plasma cortisol concentration
B)Hypothyroidism
C)Elevated plasma androgen concentrations
D)Elevated plasma cortisol concentration and hypothyroidism
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q3) The major metabolic effects of glucagon include
A)Promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver
B)Promoting lipolysis in adipose tissue
C)Promoting glucose uptake into skeletal muscle
D)Promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver and promoting lipolysis in adipose tissue
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q4) Cholesterol is metabolized to bile salts in the liver.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Reproduction
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The testes are located outside the abdomen because spermatogenesis requires a temperature lower than core body temperature.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Meiosis
A)Differs from mitosis in that in meiosis cell division occurs without chromosome replication
B)Differs from mitosis in that in meiosis two cell divisions follow one chromosomal replication
C)Allows for mixing of paternal and maternal genes on homologous chromosomes
D)Both differs from mitosis in that in meiosis cell division occurs without chromosome replication and allows for mixing of paternal and maternal genes on homologous chromosomes are correct
E)Both differs from mitosis in that in meiosis two cell divisions follow one chromosomal replication and allows for mixing of paternal and maternal genes on homologous chromosomes are correct
Q3) A woman cannot become pregnant while she is lactating.
A)True
B)False
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Immune System
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allergic reactions are the result of
A)Inappropriate responses by the immune system to stimuli that are not antigens
B)Mast cells and IgE activity
C)Parasite infestation
D)Mast cells and IgE activity and parasite infestation
E)All of the choices are correct
Q2) Cells in the immune system that can phagocytose or endocytose antigen include macrophages
A)And NK cells
B)Neutrophils, and B cells
C)And cytotoxic T cells
D)And neutrophils
E)Only
Q3) Antibodies
A)Are secreted by plasma cells
B)Protect against viruses by binding to them and presenting them to phagocytes
C)Protect against viruses by binding to them and neutralizing them
D)Activate complement
E)Are described by all of these choices
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions is most likely to be the physiological cause of hypoxemia?
A)Increased depth and rate of ventilation
B)Chronic obstructive lung diseases causing ventilation-perfusion imbalances
C)Anatomical anomalies permitting mixed venous blood to bypass alveolar circulation and passage from the right side of heart to left
D)Interference with gas exchange between alveolar capillaries and alveoli due to thickened alveolar epithelial membranes
E)Failure of the kidney to produce adequate amounts of renal erythropoietic factor
Q2) The practice of medicine can best be described as a skill which requires one to memorize the specific treatment called for in every conceivable disease state. A)True
B)False
Q3) Chest pain and shortness of breath is rarely,if ever,indicative of any other physiological disorder other than myocardial infarction.
A)True
B)False
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Page 21