Human Behavior
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of the psychological, social, and biological factors that shape human behavior. Students will examine foundational theories and contemporary research relating to topics such as motivation, emotion, personality, learning, and social interaction. By analyzing case studies and engaging in practical activities, learners will develop a critical understanding of how individuals think, feel, and act within various contexts, both individually and within groups. The course also addresses the influence of culture, environment, and development across the lifespan, equipping students with valuable perspectives for interpreting and predicting human behavior in diverse settings.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Edition 3rd Edition by Roy F. Baumeister
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19 Chapters
2695 Verified Questions
2695 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Mission and the Method
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215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Gem studies individual differences in introversion (a trait similar to shyness). Dr. Gem is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.
A) social
B) personality
C) clinical
D) developmental
Answer: B
Q2) Dr. Zink and Dr. Vasquez are designing a new study. They have come up with a good hypothesis for the study, but they are having trouble thinking of operational definitions for their variables. In other words, they are concerned that their research might be low in
A) internal validity
B) external validity
C) construct validity
D) face validity
Answer: C
Q3) Social psychologists usually derive their hypotheses from existing theories.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Culture and Nature
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social animals will generally help ___.
A) anyone in need
B) relatives
C) other members of their community
D) total strangers
Answer: B
Q2) Money has been part of human culture since ____.
A) the beginning of time
B) early civilizations
C) about three thousand years ago
D) only the past few hundred years
Answer: C
Q3) Research suggests that humans evolved large brains not to better understand the environment around them, but rather to increase the capability for interpersonal relations. This idea is known as ____
A) social brain theory.
B) relational cortex theory.
C) the interpersonal brain hypothesis.
D) the relational brain hypothesis.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Self
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Is intelligence or IQ related to self-esteem? Compared to people with low self-esteem, people with high self-esteem ____.
A) think they are smarter, and score slightly more highly on IQ tests
B) think they are smarter, but score no more highly on IQ tests
C) do not necessarily think they are smarter, but do score more highly on IQ tests
D) do not necessarily think they are smarter, and score no more highly on IQ tests
Answer: B
Q2) Compared to the consistency motive and the appraisal motive, the self-enhancement motive has a more ____ appeal.
A) physiological
B) emotional
C) cognitive
D) rational Answer: B
Q3) During eating binges, people's self-awareness tends to be especially high.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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5
Chapter 4: Choices and Actions: The Self in Control
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on proximal goals, distal goals, and goal hierarchies suggests that MOST people ____.
A) have goal hierarchies (including proximal goals and distal goals)
B) have proximal goals but not distal goals
C) have distal goals but not proximal goals
D) have either proximal goals or distal goals (but not both)
Q2) Which of the following persons is least likely to experience goal shielding?
A) Kayla, who is not very committed to achieving her goals
B) Leo, who is somewhat committed to achieving his goals
C) Martin, who is very committed to achieving his goals
D) Nan, who has decided in theory to commit to her goal
Q3) Suicidal people tend to worry that they will be ____________________to others.
Q4) The tendency to give more weight to possible losses than to possible gains when making decisions that require trade-offs is known as ____.
A) the certainty effect
B) temporal discounting
C) risk aversion
D) the status quo bias
Q5) How are habits related to the different processing systems humans use?
Q6) What factors tend to promote decision avoidance?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Social Cognition
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. When people believe they can affect the dice by blowing on them they are experiencing the ____.
A) gambler's fallacy
B) illusory correlation
C) conjunction fallacy
D) illusion of control
Q2) Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answer-and then changed it to an incorrect answer-as opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. This is most directly related to the ____.
A) representativeness heuristic
B) anchoring and adjustment heuristic
C) simulation heuristic
D) confirmation bias
Q3) The state of having too much information to make a decision or remain informed about a topic is known as ____________________.
Q4) Describe how one might reduce cognitive errors in processing social information.
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Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Yerkes-Dodson law addresses ____.
A) how emotions fade across time
B) how self-other assessments impact emotional experience
C) how low versus high arousal affects task performance
D) how positive versus negative moods affect judgments
Q2) Research on gender differences in emotion suggests that _____ may be slightly more emotional, and _____ may be relatively more willing to report and discuss their feelings.
A) men; men
B) men; women
C) women; men
D) women; women
Q3) Some have suggested that, if you want a date to develop strong emotions toward you, it is a good idea to take him or her to a place that will be physiologically arousing-such as a horror movie or roller coaster. This idea is consistent with research on ____.
A) the Yerkes-Dodson law
B) sham
C) catharsis
D) excitation transfer
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Chapter 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory might suggest that we will be more attracted to potential dating partners who ____ than potential dating partners who ____.
A) are physically attractive, are not B) play "hard to get", don't C) are similar to us, are not D) flatter us, don't
Q2) Much research suggests that people's attitudes are not predictive of their behaviors. However, in some cases, people's attitudes ARE highly predictive of their behaviors. Identify at least three factors that increase attitude-behavior consistency.
Q3) In Fritz Heider's balance theory, balance is synonymous with ____. A) consistency B) happiness C) efficiency D) understanding
Q4) The ease with which an attitude comes to mind is called ____________________.
Q5) Distinguish between automatic attitudes and deliberate attitudes. How do they function and what purposes do they serve? How do they relate to one another? How can they be measured?
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Chapter 8: Social Influence and Persuasion
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Informational social influence helps to produce ____, while normative social influence may merely elicit ____.
A) private acceptance; public compliance
B) public conformity; private acceptance
C) pluralistic ignorance; the bystander effect
D) the bystander effect; pluralistic ignorance
Q2) As part of a tenth-grade "Social Living" course, a teacher has a guest speaker come to his classroom to talk about the dangers of drug use. The guest speaker is a former drug dealer and hardcore drug user, who became involved in crime as a result of his connection to drugs, spent many years in jail, later entered a drug rehabilitation program, and finally cleaned up his act. Social psychologists would refer to this kind of communicator as a(n) ____.
A) sleeper source
B) convert communicator
C) normative communicator
D) implicit source
Q3) The finding that, over time, people tend to separate messages from their sources-and forget where or from whom they heard certain things-is known as the
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A series of studies conducted in restaurants indicates that when people dine in groups, they tend to order ____. This finding can be explained by the fact that ____.
A) a variety of different items-more variety than expected by chance, people tend to conform to one another's orders
B) a variety of different items-more variety than expected by chance, people don't like to order the same items that others are ordering
C) a very narrow selection of items-more narrow than expected by chance, people tend to conform to one another's orders
D) a very narrow selection of items-more narrow than expected by chance, people don't like to order the same items that others are ordering
Q2) The positive emotion that results from the knowledge that one has benefited from the costly, intentional, voluntary action of another is known as ____.
A) gratitude
B) joy
C) well-being
D) reciprocity
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Chapter 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that violence is most associated with ____.
A) extremely low self-esteem levels
B) slightly low self-esteem levels
C) neither high self-esteem nor low self-esteem
D) grandiose, inflated opinions of oneself
Q2) When it comes to paying their bills, eating a healthy diet, obeying traffic laws, showing up on time for work, and other mundane life tasks, people who are habitually aggressive ____.
A) tend to show much lower levels of self-control than people who aren't (e.g., tending to pay bills late)
B) tend to be more "overcontrolled" than people who aren't (e.g., tending to be excessively rigid about paying bills on time)
C) tend to be no different than people who aren't
D) tend to be no different than people who aren't if they are male, but tend to show much lower levels of self-control than people who aren't if they are female
Q3) Why should aggression be understood as a form of social influence?
Q4) The theory that argues that aggressive behavior is learned is known as ____________________.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Attraction and Exclusion
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the Social Side of Sex feature in your text, which of the following research methods has NOT been used to study the reasons why someone is rated as "beautiful"?
A) Double images
B) Morphing faces to an "average" face
C) Experimentation with the smell of a shirt and women's ovulation cycles
D) Case studies of beautiful women
Q2) Among men, which of the following is least associated with high levels of testosterone?
A) Unstable marriage
B) Disinterest in staying at home and caring for children
C) High sex drive
D) High incidence of depression
Q3) Describe the necessary ingredients for a sense of belongingness.
Q4) According to ____, if a man wants a woman to like him more, then buying her flowers or candy can be an effective strategy.
A) the social allergy effect
B) reinforcement theory
C) the Coolidge effect
D) the matching hypothesis
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Chapter 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality
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178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, the so-called "double standard" for women versus men-with respect to sexual behavior-is supported more by women than it is by men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Suppose that Ina is a typical woman and Ted is a typical man. Based on the research discussed in the textbook, which of the following is most likely to be true?
A) Ted is more likely than Ina to agree that "sex and love are different things."
B) Ted's sexual interests and behaviors are more likely than Ina's to be influenced by cultural norms and expectations.
C) Ted is more likely than Ina to say that he thinks about sex on a daily basis.
D) Ted is more likely than Ina to be the "sexual gatekeeper" in relationships (i.e., the person who decides if and when the couple will begin having sex).
Q3) Regarding yourself as a good person "as is" is known as
Q4) Briefly summarize Daryl Bem's "exotic becomes erotic" notion of homosexuality. What evidence is there for this theory?
Q5) Is sex better within the context of marriage or when one is single?
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Chapter 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
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176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Muzafer Sherif's research with 11-year-old boys at a summer camp in Robber's Cave, it was found that ____ tended to increase prejudice, while ____ tended to reduce it.
A) competition; superordinate goals
B) increased contact; superordinate goals
C) superordinate goals; increased contact
D) competition; increased contact
Q2) Researchers Darley and Gross (1983) showed different groups of people identical videotape footage of "Hannah," a girl who was said to come either from an impoverished background or from a wealthy background. They found that people stereotyped the girl as intellectually inferior when they were led to believe that she came from an impoverished background. However, this stereotype emerged only when participants saw footage of Hannah ____.
A) playing
B) with her family
C) taking an oral exam at school
D) doing creative (painting and drawing) exercises
Q3) Describe the so-called "scapegoat theory" of prejudice. What evidence is there for this theory? How else might this evidence be interpreted?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Groups
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text's definition of a group, a dyad can never qualify as a group.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Social loafing is also known as the ____.
A) free rider problem
B) bad apple effect
C) bait and switch technique
D) narcissism effect
Q3) When a group member decides not to express doubts about a group's decision, he or she has engaged in ____.
A) self-censorship
B) deindividuation
C) social facilitation
D) the risky shift
Q4) When Joe lived alone, he cleaned his apartment every weekend. But last summer he lived in a house with four other people, and in that situation he rarely put in his fair share of cleaning. Social psychologists would say that, when he lived with others, Joe engaged in ____________________.
Q5) In general, how does the presence of an audience affect task performance?
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Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior
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22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In cases when people don't really need a given product, advertisers and marketers whose job is to sell that product might take many approaches. Which of the following is the least likely approach?
A) Try to create a need for the product.
B) Try to persuade people that the product will meet some existing need.
C) Try to get people to at least be aware of the brand, so they will be inclined to buy the product some time in the future.
D) Decide not to market the product.
Q2) Many consumers today are feeling time compression, leading them to select products that will alleviate time pressure. In consumer psychology terminology, this phenomenon is called ____.
A) time poverty
B) the commons dilemma
C) polychronic poverty
D) time shrinkage
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Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who experience ____ show a disease-prone personality.
A) low levels of anxiety
B) long-term negative feelings
C) high self-esteem
D) chronic positive affect
Q2) Which of the following is most directly concerned with the stages that people go through-and the themes present at each stage-when they are trying to change a specific behavior?
A) The theory of planned behavior
B) The general adaptation syndrome
C) The cognitive appraisal model
D) The transtheoretical model
Q3) The cognitive appraisal model of stress developed by Lazarus suggests that, when people encounter potentially stressful situations, they make both primary appraisals and secondary appraisals. Primary appraisals concern ____.
A) whether a situation is positive or negative
B) whether a situation is relevant to oneself
C) whether one has resources to effectively cope with a situation
D) whether a situation is temporary or long-term
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following personality characteristics is NOT associated with successful leaders?
A) high self-confidence
B) high intelligence
C) high integrity
D) high narcissism
Q2) The identification of critical elements to do a job is accomplished through ____.
A) job analysis
B) workforce planning
C) performance review
D) organizational climate
Q3) The process by which members become absorbed into the culture of the organization is ____.
A) organizational climate
B) organizational culture
C) organizational socialization
D) workforce planning
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general, which of the following best summarizes how convincing eyewitness testimony is to jurors?
A) Not very convincing-even when jurors have reason to believe that the eyewitness had good opportunity to study the criminal's appearance
B) Not very convincing-unless the eyewitness is reporting having seen a good friend, relative, or other highly familiar person commit a crime
C) Very convincing-unless jurors have reason to believe that the eyewitness had impaired vision at the time of the crime
D) Very convincing-even when jurors have reason to believe that the eyewitness had impaired vision at the time of the crime
Q2) When jurors have been exposed to pretrial publicity, they ____.
A) are somewhat more likely to deem the defendant guilty
B) are somewhat more likely to deem the defendant innocent
C) tend to think that they are biased by this exposure, even when they are not
D) are able to disregard any information to which they have been exposed once the trial begins
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Chapter 19: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People are less likely to engage in the commons dilemma when ____.
A) they communicate with others
B) others are behaving badly
C) they are anonymous
D) they are highly self-interested
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of the one-person trap?
A) Excessive consumption of limited energy resources
B) Overeating
C) Drunk driving
D) Failing to report a witness in a murder
Q3) A teenager riding in the backseat of a car watches someone throw a match onto a hillside. The fire will not be detected by local authorities for several hours, at which point acres and acres of land will have been scorched. The teenager, having not reported what he saw to anyone, apparently fell into the social trap known as ____.
A) the individual good-collective bad trap
B) the one-person trap
C) the missing hero trap
D) the secret buddy trap
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