Human Behavior Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive exploration of human behavior by examining psychological, biological, and social influences across the lifespan. Students will analyze factors shaping individual and group actions, motivations, emotions, development, and cognition. Incorporating theories from psychology, sociology, and anthropology, the course encourages critical thinking about the interplay between nature and nurture, the impact of culture, and the role of environment in behavioral patterns. Through case studies, research findings, and interactive discussions, students will gain a deeper understanding of how and why humans think, feel, and act in diverse contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Psychology 11th Edition by James W. Kalat
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4396 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wilhelm Wundt is famous for what contribution to the history of psychology?
A)He established the world's first psychology laboratory.
B)He established the first mental health clinic in the United States.
C)He wrote the first English-language textbook of psychology.
D)He translated the works of Sigmund Freud into English.
Answer: A
Q2) A clinical psychologist has which educational degree(s)?
A)Bachelor's degree only
B)Master's, PhD, or PsyD
C)MD
Answer: B
Q3) Damage to the adrenal glands can lead to a greatly increased preference for what taste?
A)Sweet
B)Sour
C)Salty
D)Bitter
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has become a serious worry for psychological researchers?
A)They worry that too many studies deal with children instead of adults.
B)They worry that some published results may not be replicable.
C)They worry that not enough research studies are reporting statistical significance levels.
D)They worry that too many research boards are requiring informed consent.
Answer: B
Q2) A good scientific theory SHOULD have which of the following features?
A)It is based on many complex assumptions.
B)It makes falsifiable predictions.
C)It can agree with almost any observation.
D)It is based on illusory correlations.
Answer: B
Q3) In what kind of sample does everyone in the population have an equal chance of being chosen?
A)A random sample
B)A representative sample
C)A convenience sample
D)An elite sample
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: A: Scientific Methods in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) One objection to claims of extrasensory perception is that the explanations are not parsimonious.Another objection is that the results are not ____________________.
Answer: replicable
Q2) Most dictionary definitions are operational definitions. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A before-and-after study can provide invalid results if it has no ________ group. Answer: control
Q4) A sample of the population that matches the whole population in percentage of males and females,old and young,and so on,is a(n)_______________ sample.
Answer: representative
Q5) To reduce or avoid effects of experimenter bias,it is best to have a _______ observer make the observations or collect the data. Answer: blind
Q6) A definition that states how to measure something is a(n)__________ definition. Answer: operational
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is a good summary of the social effects of the hormone oxytocin?
A)It increases approach and trust toward other people.
B)It increases attention to social information.
C)It increases the sex drive toward any available partner.
D)It increases social responses toward children and infants, but not adults.
Q2) The sympathetic nervous system does which of the following?
A)It promotes digestion and other vegetative activities.
B)It readies the body for vigorous emergency activity.
C)It interprets other people's gestures and facial expressions.
D)It controls the muscles of the arms and legs.
Q3) How do the effects of Ritalin pills (methylphenidate)differ from those of cocaine?
A)Ritalin has effects with slower onset and offset.
B)Ritalin increases the presence of dopamine in synapses, and cocaine decreases it.
C)Ritalin decreases the presence of dopamine in synapses, and cocaine increases it.
D)Ritalin affects synapses in the cerebral cortex, and cocaine affects subcortical areas.
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Chapter 3: A: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The left hemisphere of the brain gets equal sensations from the left and right hands. A)True
B)False
Q2) Alcohol and anxiolytic drugs (tranquilizers)facilitate activity at inhibitory synapses. A)True
B)False
Q3) Ordinarily,people use only about 10 percent of their brain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The central nervous system consists of the brain and the _______.
Q5) Janet suffers from severe epileptic seizures that are untreatable with medicine.Her doctor decides to cut her corpus callosum.Following surgery,her neuropsychologist conducts some tests to assess the effects of the surgery.During a divided visual field study,Janet sees words flashed to both of her visual fields and is asked to read the words.When some of the images are flashed,Janet experiences difficulty stating the word that was flashed.Explain which visual field presentation likely causes Janet the most difficulty when asked to state the word that was flashed and why.
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the retina,if any,has the best color vision?
A)The periphery
B)The fovea
C)The area surrounding the blind spot
D)All areas have equally good color vision
Q2) If a radio has only one speaker,which of these sounds is it unable to make?
A)The sound of one thing near you and another thing far away
B)The sound of something moving toward you
C)The sound of something moving away from you
D)The sound of something moving left to right
Q3) If you watch words flash briefly and faintly,which of these are you least likely to identify correctly?
A)MONTH
B)BITCH
C)GORGE
D)Your own name
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Chapter 4: A: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) We localize sounds by comparing the responses of the two ears.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The pitch of a sound (for example,high C or E-flat)depends on the ____________________ of the sound waves.
Q3) "Hurt feelings" activate some of the same brain areas as physical pain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Rods and cones are equally important for color vision.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The cones are adapted for color vision,daytime vision,and detailed vision.
A)True
B)False
Q6) If you stare at a bright color for a minute and then look at a white surface,you continue seeing the color you had been viewing.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The part of the retina with the best color vision is the ______
Q8) In what way are hurt feelings similar to physical pain?
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Chapter 5: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of these regards do boys and girls show the greatest difference?
A)Overall intelligence
B)Interests
C)Ability to learn math
D)Ability to learn chess
Q2) On which of the following do women generally perform better than men?
A)Learning a route from one place to another
B)Detecting emotional signals
C)Imagining how a three-dimensional display would look from a different angle
D)Estimating distances and directions
Q3) Suppose an infant habituates to the sound "ba" and fails to change its sucking rate when we substitute the sound "bla." What interpretation would follow from this result?
A)The infant hears a difference between the sounds.
B)The infant does not hear a difference between the sounds.
C)The infant prefers the sound "ba."
D)The infant prefers the sound "bla."
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Chapter 5: A: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A research design that combines the advantages of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs is known as ____________________.
Q2) People often react to reminders of death by reaffirming their religious and political beliefs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When newborns hear a sound,they increase their sucking.After some repetitions of the sound,their sucking decreases.If a change in the sound increases their sucking,we say that it produced _________________.
Q4) Expressions of anger tend to be more effective in the United States than in Asia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Children who have mastered the conservation tasks,but who have difficulty with abstract or hypothetical ideas,are in Piaget's ______________ stage.
Q6) Men and women differ in their interests more than they do in their abilities.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behaviorists would at once REJECT which of these statements?
A)A worm increases its activity in the presence of bright light.
B)A worm turns toward the food that it likes better.
C)A worm increases its activity when its body temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius.
D)A worm moves upward more slowly than it moves downward.
Q2) People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What is the tone?
A)Conditioned response
B)Unconditioned response
C)Conditioned stimulus
D)Unconditioned stimulus
Q3) After Pavlov classically conditioned salivation to a sound,what produced spontaneous recovery?
A)Presenting a similar sound followed by food
B)Presenting the food without the sound
C)Producing extinction and then waiting before testing again
D)Presenting the sound without food
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Chapter 6: A: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Pavlov's experiments,a sound preceded food,which evoked salivation.When the sound also evokes salivation,we call the salivation the _________ response.
Q2) In operant conditioning,the procedure for extinction is simply to stop providing reinforcement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A rat learns to press a lever to avoid an electric shock.This is an example of _______________ reinforcement.
Q4) In classical conditioning,repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus produces ______________.
Q5) An inborn,automatic connection between a stimulus and a response is called a (an)____________ reflex.
Q6) According to Thorndike,responses that are followed by reinforcement become more probable.He called this the law of _________.
Q7) Both positive and negative reinforcement increase the probability of a behavior. A)True B)False
Q8) Why do behaviorists argue that your thoughts do not cause your behaviors?
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you study something all in one long session,which of these is likely?
A)Your long-term retention will be better than if you had spread out your study.
B)You will minimize your need to review the material later.
C)You will forget more than you thought you would.
D)Your retention of the material will actually improve over time.
Q2) Suppose you have one hour to study an assignment.What will happen if you repeatedly interrupt your reading to try to answer questions about it,compared to someone who spent the whole time reading?
A)You will remember it more poorly at the end of the hour.
B)You will remember it equally well at the end of the hour, but less well later.
C)Your long-term retention will be better than that of the other person.
D)You will remember the questions but not the answers.
Q3) What did Bahrick's studies show about college students' memory of a language they studied?
A)Their memory of the language remained stable from graduation onward.
B)Their memory of the language faded almost completely within a year after graduation.
C)Their memory faded slowly at first, but then more and more rapidly.
D)Their memory faded for the first few years, but then became fairly stable.
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Chapter 7: A: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Finding your own car in a large parking lot is like testing memory with the __________ method.
Q2) Chunking can overcome some of the limitations of short-term memory.
A)True B)False
Q3) Impaired memory before brain surgery or a trauma to the head is known as __________ amnesia.
Q4) People with Korsakoff's syndrome confabulate on all types of questions,even nonsensical ones.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Typically,people form declarative memories gradually,and procedural memories quickly.
A)True B)False
Q6) After an event happens,people tend to overestimate how predictable it was. A)True B)False
Q7) Define executive functioning and describe one way to measure it.
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Chapter 8: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1)
If you need something to stir your soup and you overlook the possibility of using a paintb rush, what tendency have you demonstrated?
A)Overlooking base-rate information
B)Maximizing strategy
C)Framing effect
D)Functional fixedness
Q2) An expert chess player and an average player view a chessboard briefly and then try to remember the placement of pieces.What happens?
A)The expert remembers better only if the pieces are arranged as in a normal game.
B)The expert remembers better, regardless of how the pieces are arranged.
C)Both remember equally well at first, but the expert remembers longer.
D)The average player remembers better, regardless of how the pieces are arranged.
Q3) When reading,about how much can someone read during one saccade?
A)Nothing
B)One letter
C)About 11 letters
D)Two or three words
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Chapter 8: A: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a stroke causes poor speech comprehension and poor ability to remember nouns,despite fluent and grammatical speech,the condition is known as __________ aphasia.
Q2) Becoming an expert in a field requires thousands of hours of practice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) People with Wernicke's aphasia speak fluently and grammatically,but they have trouble remembering the names of objects,and their language comprehension is poor. A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the Stroop effect?
Q5) Thinking about a concept will activate,or prime,the concepts linked to it through a process called __________ activation.
Q6) We read both during eye fixations and during the eye movements between fixations. A)True
B)False
Q7) A mechanical,repetitive procedure for solving a problem or testing every hypothesis is called a(n)__________.
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Chapter 9: Intelligenceintelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what way is the distribution of IQ scores NOT symmetrical around the mean?
A)More scores lie above 100 than below 100.
B)More scores lie below 100 than above 100.
C)Even-numbered scores are more common than odd-numbered scores.
D)Odd-numbered scores are more common than even numbered scores.
Q2) One hypothesis to explain the Flynn effect relates it to improved health and nutrition.Which of the following is evidence to support that hypothesis?
A)The Flynn effect occurs on Raven's Progressive Matrices as well as other IQ tests.
B)Infants today sit up and hold their head up earlier than in past generations.
C)Throughout the last century, television and other media have provided more stimulation.
D)The Flynn effect occurs even where most people find mates within their own village.
Q3) IQ tests were originally devised for what purpose?
A)To identify mental patients who could profit from psychotherapy
B)To identify the best applicants to become airplane pilots
C)To identify children who would or would not do well in school
D)To identify prisoners who would be safe to release on parole
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Chapter 9: A: Intelligence Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Raven's Progressive Matrices for measuring intelligence,as compared to other common IQ tests such as the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests?
Q2) If an aptitude test measures fluid intelligence,an achievement test measures ______ intelligence.
Q3) If a test determined your score by adding the height of your head to the width of your head,it would have high reliability.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Charles Spearman identified a g factor in intelligence.The g stands for _______.
Q5) The results comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins imply a genetic contribution to differences in IQ performance.
A)True
B)False
Q6) We can use IQ scores to explain why one child does better in school than another child does.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Describe the Flynn effect and at least two possible explanations for it.
Page 19
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Chapter 10: Consciousnessconsciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) About how long does a circadian rhythm last?
A)A year
B)A day
C)An hour
D)A few minutes
Q2) What treatment is most common for people with narcolepsy?
A)A diet that avoids phenylalanine
B)Weight loss
C)Stimulant and antidepressant drugs
D)Psychoanalysis
Q3) To test whether hypnotized subjects might do anything they would ordinarily refuse to do,a researcher asked hypnotized people to pick up a venomous snake and to do other dangerous acts.What happened?
A)Hypnotized people refused to do these acts, and immediately came out of hypnosis.
B)Hypnotized people refused to do these acts, but remained under hypnosis.
C)Unlike nonhypnotized people, many hypnotized people did the dangerous acts.
D)Many of both hypnotized and nonhypnotized people did the dangerous acts.
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Chapter 10: A: Consciousnessconsciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brain recordings can alert a researcher to your upcoming decision before you are aware of making the decision.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Freud referred to the hidden meaning of a dream as the ____________________ content.
Q3) Masking,flash suppression,and binocular rivalry are methods of presenting a stimulus but preventing consciousness of it.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When you are conscious of a stimulus,the representation of that stimulus spreads to much of the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A period of discomfort and inefficiency while your internal clock is out of phase with your new surroundings is called ______ _______.
Q6) What happens in the brain when you are conscious of a visual stimulus that does not happen when you are unconscious of a similar stimulus?
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Chapter 11: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors
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Q1) Suppose you are having trouble deciding on your major.If you now respond to a survey by saying which political candidates you support,what is the probable result?
A)You become more likely to make the decision about your major.
B)You procrastinate making the decision about your major.
C)You abandon your previous choices and decide to major in political science.
D)You survey other people about what they think you should choose for your major.
Q2) What part of the body releases the hormone leptin?
A)The pancreas
B)The testes and ovaries
C)The adrenal glands
D)The fat cells
Q3) An employer enriches the jobs,giving each employee variety in the work and responsibility for meaningful tasks.Which approach to job design is the employer following?
A)Human-relations
B)Theory X
C)Scientific-management
D)Transformational leadership
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Chapter 11: A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors
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Q1) It is dangerous to touch someone who has AIDS.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In most cases,people with anorexia nervosa showed signs of anxiety or depression before becoming anorexic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are some influences that decrease someone's probability of yielding to temptations?
Q4) Anorexia nervosa is equally common in males and females.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The highest point on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the need for _______
Q6) The most effective goals are highly specific and challenging.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Freud was correct to distinguish between vaginal and clitoral orgasms.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Part 1 Emotions,stress,and
Healthemotions,stress,and Health
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Q1) What evidence suggests a genetic contribution to happiness?
A)Adult identical twins generally report similar levels of happiness.
B)Two genes have been found with strong links to reported happiness.
C)Mean happiness varies from one culture to another.
D)Mean happiness in the United States failed to increase when wealth per person increased.
Q2) What type of disorder is associated with an increase in the startle reflex?
A)Anxiety disorders
B)Attention disorders
C)Thought disorders
D)Mood disorders
Q3) Suppose you apply to medical schools and it appears you will not be accepted.If you decide you would be happier with a different career,which coping style have you used?
A)Emotion-focused coping
B)Coping by reappraisal
C)Problem-focused coping
D)Coping by distraction
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Chapter 12: A: Emotional,stress,and
Healthemotional,stress,and Health
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Q1) One woman who seems fearless in almost all situations has damage to the __________ of her brain.
Q2) The full expression of sincere happiness,including the muscles around the eyes,is called the _____________ smile.
Q3) Many researchers operationally define anxiety as an increase in the startle reflex.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One of the main problems facing the developers of emotional intelligence tests is determining what the correct answers are.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Physiological measurements enable researchers to determine which emotion a person is experiencing.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How does prolonged stress by itself sometimes produce symptoms of illness?
Q7) The brain area most responsible for variations in the level of anxiety is the
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Chapter 13: Social Psychologysocial Psychology
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Q1) What is the mere exposure effect?
A)Familiarity breeds contempt.
B)Familiarity increases liking.
C)Familiarity impairs memory.
D)Familiarity increases attention.
Q2) You spend long hours studying in the library one night,and you see other people that you don't know,also studying hard.Because of the actor-observer effect,what do you probably infer?
A)The others are very impressed with how hard you are studying.
B)The others are very studious, although you are there because of tomorrow's test.
C)The others are there because of a test tomorrow, the same as you.
D)The others are probably less serious students than you are.
Q3) What did Solomon Asch's studies reveal about conformity?
A)Most Americans refuse to conform to what others are saying or doing.
B)People conform to others' opinions when they know the others are better informed.
C)People often conform to others' opinions that they know are wrong.
D)People conform to others' opinions only when it is difficult to know what is right.q
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Chapter 13: A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology
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Q1) Asch's research showed that most people sometimes conform to the majority's opinion,even when they know the majority is wrong.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When people feel tension because of conflict between their attitudes and their behavior,they are feeling __________ ____________.
Q3) A policy of accepting,recognizing,and enjoying the differences among people and groups and the unique contributions each person can offer is known as _______________.
Q4) What contributions,if any,do low self-esteem and mental illness make to the probability of violent behavior?
Q5) Birds with brighter feathers and longer tails are "advertising" the fact that they are healthy.
A)True B)False
Q6) Describe the fundamental attribution error and give an example.
Q7) One method of measuring prejudices or other attitudes that people don't want to admit is the __________ association test.
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Chapter 14: Personalitypersonality
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Q1) In Jung's theory,what is the "collective unconscious"?
A)Symbols and images from our ancestors' experiences
B)The processes that deal with sensations that did not gain our attention
C)The repository of thoughts and impulses that we repressed
D)The understandings that people come to share after knowing each other for years
Q2) Alfred Adler emphasized which type of motivation?
A)The search for scientific understanding
B)Adult sexuality
C)Drive reduction
D)Striving for superiority
Q3) According to humanistic psychologists,which of these is highly desirable?
A)Using reinforcement schedules to achieve specific behavioral goals
B)Bringing repressed thoughts and motives to consciousness
C)Analyzing behaviors and motivations into their component parts
D)Relating to other people with unconditional positive regard
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Chapter 14: A: Personalitypersonality
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Q1) The personality test that was designed to measure the Big Five personality traits is the _____________.
Q2) What method did psychologists use to determine the Big Five personality traits?
Q3) Humanistic psychologists emphasize spiritual experiences and beliefs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Adler,everyone has a striving for superiority.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Recent research on implicit memory strongly supports Freud's theories about the unconscious.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In Freud's theory,if you attempt to reduce anxiety by presenting yourself as the opposite of something disturbing about yourself,you are engaged in _________ __________.
Q7) Criminal profiling is more accurate than random guessing.
A)True
B)False
Q8) How does the MMPI identify people who might be lying to try to look good?
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Chapter 15: Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and
Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment
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Q1) Which disorder is characterized by self-imposed rituals?
A)Bipolar disorder
B)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Seasonal affective disorder
D)Generalized anxiety disorder
Q2) In which therapy does a therapist say little but allow people to explore their own problems?
A)Psychoanalysis
B)Behavior therapy
C)Person-centered therapy
D)Cognitive therapy
Q3) Which type of psychotherapy sets clear goals and tries to achieve them through new learning?
A)Humanistic therapy
B)Psychoanalysis
C)Psychodynamic therapy
D)Behavior therapy
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Page 30
Chapter 15: A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and
Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26441
Sample Questions
Q1) Psychotherapy and antidepressant drugs are about equally helpful for patients with depression.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How do the results on avoidance learning relate to phobias?
Q3) Most addictive substances increase the release of the neurotransmitter ____________ in the nucleus accumbens of the brain.
Q4) A psychotherapy method that concentrates on bringing unconscious thoughts and motivations to consciousness is ____________.
Q5) A gene has been identified that is responsible for more than one-fourth of cases of major depression.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The process of removing patients from large mental hospitals is called ___________.
Q7) Of three types of treatment for depression-antidepressant drugs,psychotherapy,and electroconvulsive therapy-the one likely to produce the most long-lasting improvement is ___________.
Q8) What evidence supports the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia? Page 31
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