Human Behavior in Social Contexts Test Bank - 2023 Verified Questions

Human Behavior in Social Contexts Test Bank

Course Introduction

Human Behavior in Social Contexts explores the intricate ways in which individuals think, feel, and act within various social environments. The course examines foundational theories and concepts from social psychology, sociology, and behavioral science, focusing on topics such as social influence, group dynamics, conformity, prejudice, and interpersonal relationships. Through analysis of real-world examples and empirical research, students learn how cultural, societal, and environmental factors shape human actions and interactions. Critical thinking and discussion are encouraged to better understand how behavior is influenced by societal norms, roles, and expectations in different social settings.

Recommended Textbook

Essentials of Sociology 9th Edition by David

B. Brinkerhoff

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15 Chapters

2023 Verified Questions

2023 Flashcards

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Chapter 1: The Study of Society

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135 Verified Questions

135 Flashcards

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Sample Questions

Q1) Symbolic interaction theory addresses:

A) social change produced through competition and conflict.

B) how social organization results from interaction.

C) the importance of social activism to produce social change.

D) the creation and communication of the shared meanings associated with human acts.

Answer: D

Q2) Most sociologists in the United States work for the government.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) A sociologist approaching the study of domestic violence from a _________ perspective might be interested in how boys are socialized to consider aggression a natural part of being male and that translates into aggression in their intimate relationships.

A) conflict theory

B) structural-functional

C) symbolic interaction

D) sociobiology

Answer: C

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Chapter 2: Culture

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Sample Questions

Q1) Studies of the deaf show that:

A) nearly all deaf people would join the "hearing" culture if they had a choice.

B) many deaf people would not join the "hearing" culture if they had a choice.

C) deaf people view themselves as having a serious disability.

D) most deaf people are excited about the new cochlear implant options available to deaf babies.

Answer: B

Q2) Professor Mitchell allows her students the opportunity to "skip" the final exam if they have earned an A on all their coursework and have no absences at the end of the semester.This is a type of:

A) sanction.

B) folkway.

C) mos (singular of mores).

D) law.

Answer: A

Q3) What is cultural capital?

Answer: Upper-class attitudes and knowledge (i.e.,knowing the game of golf,knowing about fine wines,etc.).

Q4) What is sociobiology?

Answer: It is the study of the biological basis of all forms of human behavior.

Page 4

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Chapter 3: Socialization

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is an example of a significant other?

A) your mother

B) your professor

C) your employer

D) your neighbor

Answer: A

Q2) Research on the types of chores assigned to adolescents find that:

A) boys and girls today are equally likely to clean house and care for younger children.

B) while many tasks follow traditional gender divisions, girls today are just as likely as boys to be assigned to mow the lawn.

C) boys are more likely to learn mechanical skills, while girls are more likely to learn caregiving behavior.

D) past gender differences in household chores have virtually disappeared today. Answer: C

Q3) How does primary socialization differ from anticipatory socialization?

Answer: Primary socialization involves the individual learning the norms and values of a society,whereas anticipatory socialization involves the individual preparing for specific roles that he or she might assume in the future.

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Chapter 4: Social Structure and Social Interaction

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the difference between a gemeinschaft and a gesellschaft society?

Q2) Steve and his friends ordered a pizza.Knowing that pizza gives him gas,Steve explains and apologizes for it before the pizza arrives.This is referred to as:

A) an account.

B) a disclaimer.

C) a justification.

D) an excuse.

Q3) Define spoiled identity and describe the strategies homeless teens use to maintain their self-esteem.Give an example of each strategy.

Q4) Inequalities in hunting and gathering societies are most likely to be based on __________ statuses.

A) occupational B) religious C) social class

D) age and sex

Q5) What are the five basic social institutions?

Q6) Everyday social interaction is guided by roles. A)True B)False

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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations

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Sample Questions

Q1) According to sociologists,a strong community is characterized by:

A) an extensive infrastructure.

B) a large tax base.

C) few but strong ties between the residents.

D) dense, cross-cutting social networks.

Q2) To refer to the pattern of norms and values that affects how business is actually carried out in an organization,sociologists use the term:

A) bureaucracy.

B) organizational culture.

C) union.

D) ritualism.

Q3) List three characteristics of bureaucracies outlined by Weber.

Q4) Exchange,cooperation,and competition are all examples of:

A) norms of reciprocity.

B) conflict resolution.

C) social processes.

D) voluntary associations.

Q5) What are some of the factors that affect the kind of interaction we experience in small groups? What effects do these factors have on social interaction?

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Chapter 6: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control

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Sample Questions

Q1) When sociologists stress that deviance is relative,they mean that:

A) relative to criminal acts, deviance is a minor form of nonconformity.

B) it runs in the family, among relatives.

C) whether an act is regarded as deviant or not often depends on the time, place, or individual.

D) deviance is related to more serious criminal offenses.

Q2) Differential association theory argues that:

A) people learn to be deviant when their associates favor deviance over conformity.

B) people choose deviance over conformity when normal avenues for success are blocked.

C) deviance results from social inequality.

D) differences in crime rates are associated with age, sex and, race.

Q3) Explain the concept of medicalization.

Q4) Both conflict and structural-functional theory view deviance:

A) as the product of face-to-face interactions.

B) as the result of social inequality.

C) as resulting from the overall social structure.

D) All of these are true about conflict and structural-functional views of deviance.

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Page 8

Chapter 7: Stratification

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of Weber's three dimensions of social class?

A) class

B) power

C) education

D) status

Q2) Today,most people in the U.S.who are millionaires:

A) went from rags to riches.

B) worked their way up from the lower classes by joining the military.

C) became wealthy because their wealthy families sent them to good schools and helped them financially.

D) pursued careers in sports.

Q3) What did Marx call the class must sell its labor to those who own the means of production?

A) the working class

B) the underclass

C) labor

D) the proletariat

Q4) What role do transnational corporations and nation-states play in global inequality?

Q5) What does socioeconomic status include?

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Chapter 8: Racial and Ethnic Inequality

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Sample Questions

Q1) James,an unemployed construction worker,can't find a job.He blames cheaper immigrant labor for his unemployment,and is hostile toward anyone who appears of a different race than he is.This is an example of:

A) targeting.

B) discrimination.

C) subversion.

D) scapegoating.

Q2) When members of minority groups lose their defining features and adopt those of the majority culture,this is termed:

A) assimilation.

B) a melting pot.

C) pluralism.

D) acculturation.

Q3) Members of an ethnic group:

A) are always from the same race.

B) share a common origin and elements of culture.

C) are always members of a minority group.

D) would not be considered "white."

Q4) What are three reasons for the lower earnings of blacks compared to whites?

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Chapter 9: Sex,Gender,and Sexuality

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Sample Questions

Q1) _______ are individuals whose sex or sexual identity is not definitively male or female.

A) Transgendered individuals

B) Homosexuals

C) Bisexuals

D) Heterosexuals

Q2) Liberal feminists are responsible for:

A) increasing opportunities for women within politics, education, and sports.

B) bringing attention to the problem of date rape.

C) founding the domestic violence movement.

D) securing the right to vote for women.

Q3) What is the rate of marital infidelity in the U.S.?

A) Studies in the 1990s indicated that about one-fourth of men and one in ten women has had an extramarital affair.

B) Recent studies seem to indicate a dramatic decrease in extramarital affairs along with an increase in divorce.

C) About 50% of both married men and married women have had an extramarital affair.

D) There is no data on marital infidelity.

Q4) Summarize the victories in the fight for equal rights for homosexuals.

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Chapter 10: Health and Health Care

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the structural-functionalist explanation for the high incomes of physicians and surgeons in the U.S.?

Q2) The classic sociological theory of illness was first formulated by:

A) Karl Marx.

B) Max Weber.

C) Talcott Parsons.

D) Emile Durkheim.

Q3) What is the leading cause of preventable death identified by Mokdad and his colleagues?

A) tobacco use

B) poor diet and inadequate exercise

C) workplace pollution

D) alcohol use

Q4) Approximately what percentage of adults in the United States experiences some diagnosable form of mental illness in any given year?

A) 5%

B) 10%

C) 30%

D) 50%

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Chapter 11: Family

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which is true of the divorce rate in the U.S.?

A) The divorce rate is higher today than 100 years ago.

B) The current divorce rate is about 10% of new marriages.

C) The U.S. divorce rate has been dropping steadily since 1960.

D) The rate of divorce in the U.S. is lower than for most industrialized countries.

Q2) Describe the process of mate selection in the U.S.,including the factors that are most important.How does the "marriage market" differ for men and women of different races?

Q3) The most important criteria in defining a family is that:

A) it has children.

B) it involves marriage and children.

C) members assume responsibility for each other and are bound together in some way.

D) members are legally bound to one another.

Q4) adolescents:

A) generally will look back at that period as the best time in their life.

B) experience a great deal of role strain.

C) should be bonding more closely to their families.

D) lead a very carefree life.

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Chapter 12: Education and Religion

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Sample Questions

Q1) Conflict theorists are interested in how the ________ of education leads to unequal results; symbolic interactionists are more interested in the ________ of education.

A) structure; processes

B) processes; structure

C) structure; institutionalization

D) institutionalization; structure

Q2) What is cultural capital and how does it affect educational success?

Q3) Research on educational outcomes for students enrolled in school choice programs has found that:

A) students in charter schools perform much higher than the national averages.

B) students who are home-schooled typically suffer from a lack of educational enrichment.

C) there are no measurable differences in the achievements of students participating in school choice programs and those who do not.

D) the children who are home-schooled perform above national averages on standardized tests.

Q4) What is a civil religion?

Q5) What are the unanticipated negative consequences of high stakes testing?

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Chapter 13: Politics and the Economy

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Sample Questions

Q1) Women are more likely to identify themselves as a __________ and those with less than a high school degree are likely to identify themselves as a __________.

A) Republican; Democrat

B) Democrat; Republican

C) Democrat; Democrat

D) Republican; Republican

Q2) A(n)__________ is a political system that provides regular opportunities for a change in leadership according to the will of the majority.

A) state

B) authoritarian system

C) democracy

D) republic

Q3) Define primary,secondary,and tertiary production.Give examples of each and describe the current trends in terms of employment in each area.

Q4) Explain the various reasons that have been suggested for why so many people in the U.S.do not vote.

Q5) What are the three types of authority identified by Weber?

Q6) What is the Wal-Mart effect?

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Chapter 14: Population and Urbanization

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the most common pattern of migration in the developing world?

Q2) In 2008,the percentage of Americans who moved homes was:

A) lower than it has been in 60 years.

B) higher than it has ever been.

C) stable given the economic downturn.

D) detrimental to the economy.

Q3) The creation of the suburbs was dependent on the automobile.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The change from a population characterized by high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates is called:

A) population projection.

B) the demographic transition.

C) the fertility-mortality shift.

D) the population revolution.

Q5) In the U.S,AIDS is a leading cause of death for:

A) persons aged 25-44.

B) Asian Americans.

C) persons with diseases that require transfusions.

D) gays and lesbians.

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Chapter 15: Social Change

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Sample Questions

Q1) Resource mobilization theory falls under which theoretical perspective?

A) conflict theory.

B) structural-functional theory.

C) symbolic interactionism.

D) micro-level theory.

Q2) Resource mobilization theory assumes that a significant requirement for turning deprivation into a movement is:

A) anger.

B) resentment.

C) organization.

D) absolute deprivation.

Q3) _________ argue that change results from struggles between competing interests.

A) Conflict theorists

B) Symbolic interactionists

C) Structural functionalists

D) Postmodernists

Q4) Give an example of cultural lag.

Q5) What are vested interests?

Q6) Compare the structural functional and the conflict perspectives on technological change.

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