Human Behavior
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the complexities of human behavior through the lenses of psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Students will examine the biological, cognitive, emotional, and social factors that shape individual actions and group dynamics. Topics such as motivation, perception, learning, personality, social influence, and cultural norms are analyzed to understand how humans think, feel, and interact. By integrating theoretical frameworks with real-world examples, the course equips students with the tools to critically analyze human behavior in everyday life and professional settings.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Edition 4th Edition by Roy F. Baumeister
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19 Chapters
2843 Verified Questions
2843 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Mission and the Method
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215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the following two American adages, which seem to contradict one another: "Birds of a feather flock together" and "opposites attract." The authors of the textbook would probably say that ____.
A) this contradiction is an anomaly since Americans tend to be extremely single-minded in their "common sense" views about social psychology
B) most people in the U.S. probably believe one of these adages to be true-but not both-since most people have very clear personal theories about social psychology
C) the contradiction is not surprising at all, since "common sense" theories are often poorly defined, i.e., most people would probably say that both of these things are true (if you asked them at different times)
D) most people would not see the contradiction if it were pointed out to them, since the average person is not a strong logical thinker
Answer: C
Q2) The two defining features of an experiment are control and random assignment. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture and Nature
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike other animals, humans are able to continually build off of the knowledge and achievements of past generations. The textbook refers to this ability as ____.
A) progress
B) systematic culture
C) praxis
D) a network of exchange
Answer: A
Q2) Compared to animals such as birds, humans have ____.
A) to figure out what others in their species prefer and expect of them
B) straightforward rules on how to find a mate
C) to struggle more to find sustenance
D) a simpler time finding a place to live among others
Answer: A
Q3) Social animals will generally help ___.
A) anyone in need
B) relatives
C) other members of their community
D) total strangers
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Self
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Narcissists are MOST likely to rate themselves low on ____.
A) nothing: they think highly of themselves in every way
B) everything, as they secretly suffer from low self-esteem
C) how competent they are at work-related tasks
D) at how competent they are at getting others to like them
Answer: D
Q2) The phenomenal self, or the working self-concept, refers to ____.
A) an idealized image of the self
B) the image of the self that is currently active in a person's mind
C) a person's sense of his or her contributions to personal relationships or to the broader culture
D) the part of the self that people openly share, or disclose, with others
Answer: B
Q3) Social psychologists generally refer to two types of self-awareness: ____.
A) independent self-awareness and interdependent self-awareness
B) intrinsic self-awareness and extrinsic self-awareness
C) public self-awareness and private self-awareness
D) interpersonal self-awareness and agentic self-awareness
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Choices and Actions
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195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the information about suicide in the text, which of the following statements would be most likely to appear in a suicide note?
A) "I don't think I was ever loved as a child."
B) "I think that human beings are born to be evil."
C) "Please be sure that Mom remembers to take the dog to the vet this week."
D) "I believe that World War III will break out any day now."
Q2) Error management theory suggests that, when it comes to dating and mating members of the opposite sex, men will be more prone to ____ than women.
A) the omission bias
B) the status quo bias
C) temporal discounting
D) risk aversion
Q3) Monitoring is one of the key components of self-regulation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the common mistakes people make when planning to achieve their goals and what psychological processes promote them?
Q5) What factors tend to promote decision avoidance?
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Chapter 5: Social Cognition
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why did the clown park his car in a red zone, where he might get a ticket? If you assume it is because his car happened to break down right then and there, in the red zone, then you have made a(n) ____.
A) internal attribution
B) external attribution
C) common sense assumption
D) correspondence bias assumption
Q2) The so-called "gambler's fallacy" refers to the ____.
A) (false) belief that chance events are affected by previous events, and that chance events will "even out" across a relatively short period of time
B) (false) belief that one is far more skilled or gifted than are others
C) (false) belief that one can control or change situations that are completely (or almost completely) due to chance
D) tendency to compare oneself to people who are far, far worse off in order to feel better about oneself
Q3) The term ________________ was coined to refer to people's general unwillingness to do much extra conscious thinking (i.e., people's mental "laziness").
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Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the factors listed below, the strongest predictor of a person's happiness is ____.
A) one's income (relative to the average income for his/her demographic)
B) the number of blood relatives with whom a person regularly communicates
C) one's level of physical health
D) how happy the person was 10 years earlier
Q2) One explanation for the fact that women have higher rates of depression than men is that, when feeling depressed, women ____.
A) are more likely than men to repeatedly think about the problem-which can make them feel even more depressed
B) are more likely than men to try to distract themselves with other thoughts or activities-which can prevent them from acknowledging and dealing with their depression
C) are less likely than men to seek professional help-such that their depression is often prolonged
D) are more likely than men to turn to alcohol or drugs-which tends to exacerbate existing problems
Q3) Explain what the objective roots of happiness are based on current research described in your text.
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Chapter 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wei-Shin was mugged while he was walking across campus alone one evening. The event left him with his wallet and identity stolen, and a broken nose and rib. Wei-Shin thinks to himself, "What kind of world is this, where someone will mug a poor college student?" Wei-Shin is having trouble coping because this traumatic event has challenged his ____.
A) attitude accessibility
B) downward comparisons
C) assumptive worlds
D) attitude-behavior consistency
Q2) Discuss cognitive dissonance theory. What does the theory say, and what kinds of predictions does it make?
Q3) Whether a person plans to perform a behavior in question refers to ___, A) behavioral intention
B) subjective norms
C) perceived behavioral control
D) attitude accessibility
Q4) The ease with which an attitude comes to mind is called ________________.
Q5) According to the research of Ajzen and Fishbein (1977), if you want to predict a specific behavior, you should measure a(n) ________________.
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Chapter 8: Social Influence and Persuasion
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term best describes an attempt to change a person's mind?
A) induction
B) manipulation
C) persuasion
D) assimilation
Q2) One-sided messages tend to be more persuasive among ____ than ____.
A) less-educated people; more-educated people
B) people who are passionate about the topic at hand; people who are not passionate about the topic at hand
C) people who have not yet made up their minds on an issue; people who have already made up their minds on an issue
D) experts; non-experts
Q3) According to the text, fear-based messages (e.g., messages about the dangers of smoking) are almost always highly effective.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ________________ effect has been exploited to study informational social influence.
Q5) Compare and contrast normative and informational social influence.
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Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is most likely to be trusted?
A) Jason, who believes in God
B) Ella, who is an atheist
C) Rainey, who has poor self control
D) Damian, who loves to play pranks
Q2) Jose sometimes feels that he is a "taker" rather than a "giver"-that he is not contributing his fair share at work or in relationships. Research suggests that, as a result, Jose is likely to
A) feel depressed and underperform
B) feel guilty and underperform
C) convince himself that he is, in fact, a giver and look for opportunities to give back more
D) feel depressed, feel guilty, and look for opportunities to give back more
Q3) The idea that empathy motivates people to reduce others' distress is known as the
Q4) ________________ is going along with the crowd.
Q5) Forgiveness is beneficial to the person receiving it, but not to the person doing the forgiving.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about lying is true?
A) People who lie more often generally have better health.
B) Lying takes more cognitive resources than does telling the truth.
C) People who lie more often typically have better relationships.
D) Lying requires only activation of the automatic system.
Q2) Psychologists use the term ____________________ to describe the sense of anonymity that often arises when people are in large groups, which makes people especially likely to engage in antisocial behavior.
Q3) Identity theft costs victims about ____ and about ____ of personal time.
A) $1 billion; 75 million hours
B) $1.5 billion; 75 million hours
C) $1.5 billion; 100 million hours
D) $2 billion; 100 million hours
Q4) Research suggests that, compared to other people, violent criminals tend to have
A) extremely low self-esteem
B) somewhat low self-esteem
C) neither low self-esteem nor high self-esteem
D) unrealistically high self-esteem
Q5) Explain how norms can be manipulated to change behavior such as littering.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to other people, people who are lonely tend to ____.
A) possess fewer social skills in general
B) be less adept at figuring out others' emotional states
C) be less interested in having relationships with others
D) be less intelligent in general
Q2) Petra finds out that her classmate, Julie, thinks that she is really cool. This makes Petra like Julie more than she did before. What does research suggest about this kind of "reciprocity of liking?"
A) It is widespread when it comes to acquaintanceships and friendships, but does not always hold true for romantic relationships.
B) It only holds true when there is some degree of liking between the two parties to begin with.
C) It only occurs among people with low self-esteem.
D) It only occurs among people with high self-esteem.
Q3) Wolfgang is trying to get his new co-worker, Peter, to like him. He compliments Peter's wardrobe, listens attentively to Peter's stories, and routinely take Peter out to lunch. Wolfgang is clearly engaging in ________________.
Q4) Describe the necessary ingredients for a sense of belongingness.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which factor is one of the key, defining distinctions between exchange relationships and communal relationships?
A) whether or not the people in the relationship are related (or married)
B) how long the relationship lasts
C) the degree to which people in the relationship keep track of who does what
D) whether or not the people in the relationship are part of a larger group
Q2) The term "paternity uncertainty" refers to the fact that ____.
A) males have an instinct to provide for and protect offspring from uncertain conditions
B) males do not have an "instinct" to interact and care for infants in the same way that females do
C) males are less motivated to procreate than females
D) a man cannot be sure that children born to his female partner are genetically his
Q3) Jack brought his wife flowers. She thinks, "Oh, great! What has he screwed up now?" Jack later left his underwear on the floor and his wife thought, "Geez, isn't that just typical of him. He is so lazy!" Jack's wife has a(n) ________________ style of attribution.
Q4) Is sex better within the context of marriage or when one is single?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, is competition something that exists across the world, in all known cultures, or are there cultures that are completely peaceful?
A) There are a number of cultures where no competition exists at all-among adults or children.
B) There are a number of cultures where competition is banned among adults, but it still exists among children.
C) There are a number of cultures where competition is banned among children, but it still exists among adults.
D) There are a number of cultures where competition is rare, among both children and adults, but there are no known cultures where it does not exist.
Q2) People tend to show a preference for ingroups over outgroups even when group membership is determined at random, and even when they have never interacted with members of their ingroup. This tendency is known as ____.
A) the discontinuity effect
B) ingroup favoritism
C) stigma by association
D) the minimal group effect
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15
Chapter 14: Groups
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It would be most accurate to say that "groups are smarter than individuals" when ____.
A) only the experts in the groups are allowed to express opinions
B) groups engage in brainstorming tasks
C) individual group members work independently and all make contributions
D) they have a dominant leader
Q2) Bennett is a very structured manager. He sits down with all of his employees and talks to them about what their goals should be and how they should meet them, and he gives clear feedback as to how they are progressing towards meeting their goals. Bennett is a(n) ____________________-oriented leader.
Q3) Research on diversity in groups indicates that, compared to more homogeneous groups, diverse groups tend to ____.
A) have the potential for better performance
B) be less creative
C) have higher group morale
D) be more cooperative
Q4) Social psychologists have coined the term ____________________ to refer to loss of self-awareness and loss of individual accountability in a group.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Groups that call themselves ____ may promote events like refusing to participate in "black Friday" sales.
A) web guerillas
B) e-commerce opponents
C) anti-consumerists
D) culture jammers
Q2) High self-monitors are to social aspects of products as low self-monitors are to ____.
A) product attributes and qualities
B) competitive product pricing
C) whether they have a need for the product
D) the experience of purchasing
Q3) How do grocery store advertising, grocery store format (layout), and grocery store location influence consumers' decisions about where to shop?
A) All three affect behavior.
B) Interestingly, location has very little impact.
C) Interestingly, format (layout) has the strongest impact of the three.
D) Advertising is the only one of these variables to have an impact.
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Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does stress relate to homeostasis?
A) Stress is the upsetting of homeostasis.
B) Stress is the exacerbation, or worsening, of homeostasis.
C) Stress leads to homeostasis.
D) Stress is caused by homeostasis.
Q2) Early definitions of stress tended to focus on ____ factors.
A) biological
B) personality
C) behavior
D) interpersonal
Q3) According to the general adaptation syndrome, long-term stressors ____.
A) can cause physiological (but not psychological) damage
B) can cause psychological (but not physiological) damage
C) can cause both physiological and psychological damage
D) have temporary negative effects, but cannot cause either physiological damage or psychological damage
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18
Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace
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37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are taking a test for a job application as a brick layer. The test requires you to answer questions about science fiction literature. This test lacks ____.
A) reliability
B) validity
C) leadership
D) job analysis
Q2) Self-managing teams tend to ____.
A) have better outcomes than leader-led teams in productivity, work quality, and employee quality of life
B) have better outcomes than leader-led teams in employee quality of life, but not in productivity or work quality
C) have better outcomes than leader-led teams in employee quality of life and work quality, but not productivity
D) have worse outcomes than leader-led teams in productivity, work quality, and employee quality of life
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19
Chapter 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an example of a system variable that might lead to inaccuracies in eyewitness identifications in lineups?
A) The number of people chosen to appear in the lineup alongside the suspect
B) Whether the eyewitness is confident about his or her identification of the eyewitness during the lineup procedure
C) Whether the eyewitness and the criminal are of the same race/ethnicity
D) Whether the witness is confident about the original statement that he or she gave to the police
Q2) Which of the following best summarizes current thinking on "recovered memories"?
A) This is a complicated topic, involving numerous tradeoffs, about which there are few clear answers.
B) "Recovered memories" are real, though the criminal justice system has been slow to acknowledge their legitimacy.
C) There does not appear to be any legitimacy to the notion of "recovered memories"-despite the commonality with which they allegedly occurred in the 1980's and 1990's.
D) "Recovered memories" are now widely recognized by both psychologists and the criminal justice system as being real and legitimate.
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Chapter 19: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that you are a ninth grade teacher, and you are trying to get your students to conserve more water and energy in their daily lives. Which of the following approaches is likely to be most successful?
A) Educate them about the need for conservation.
B) Make use of prompts, or reminders, at times when they tend to be wasteful.
C) Tell them that you conserve energy and water.
D) Have them make public commitments to their peers that they will be less wasteful.
Q2) Of the following approaches to encouraging people to conserve water and energy, which has been most effective?
A) Education
B) Prompts
C) Simple reasoning
D) Having people make public commitments
Q3) At what age does awareness of personal space boundaries usually begin?
A) one year
B) two years
C) four years
D) ten years
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