Human Behavior
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of the factors that shape human behavior, drawing from perspectives in psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Students will examine the biological, cognitive, emotional, and social influences on individual and group actions, as well as the role of culture, environment, and personal experiences. Topics include motivation, perception, learning, personality development, social interactions, and behavioral change. Through theoretical frameworks, case studies, and practical applications, the course aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of why people act the way they do in various contexts, preparing students to analyze and predict human behavior in personal, professional, and societal settings.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Around Us 3rd Canadian Edition by Ronald Comer
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16 Chapters
5794 Verified Questions
5794 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Psychology Yesterday and Today
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328 Verified Questions
328 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hebb is credited with coining the term "cell assembly."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) This researcher developed concepts around learning after he observed dogs salivating to a ringing bell.
A) Pavlov
B) Skinner
C) Watson
D) Thorndike
Answer: A
Q3) Kiara has seen a mental health professional for help in treating her depression.She was prescribed an anti-depressant and was told to come back in 3 weeks for a follow-up.What type of mental health professional did Kiara most likely see?
A) a clinical psychologist
B) a counselling psychologist
C) a psychiatrist
D) a clinical neuropsychologist
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Psychology as a Science
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324 Verified Questions
324 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gerald just finished participating in a study on the effects of pornography on attitudes toward women.He was asked to watch 30 minutes of pornography (that may or may not have had violence toward women)and then he completed a lengthy questionnaire about his attitudes toward women.Now,Gerald is sitting down with the researcher and is handed a form that explains all the details of the study.He is then asked if he has any questions,and he's given the researcher's contact information in case he thinks of any questions in the future.What type of form was Gerald given?
A) a debriefing form
B) a confidentiality form
C) an ethics review form
D) an informed consent form
Answer: A
Q2) What blended model is commonly used by psychologists to employ the best attributes of deductive and inductive reasoning?
Answer: hypothetico-deductive approach
Q3) An unintentional factor that conveys what a researcher expects to find is known as a(n)___.
Answer: demand characteristic
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Chapter 3: Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ben has been caught stealing on multiple occasions.Each time he claims he CANNOT understand why it is wrong to take the things he wants.If Ben's behaviour were explained by abnormal functioning of a brain region,it would most likely be the ___.
A) temporal lobe
B) premotor cortex
C) prefrontal cortex
D) somatosensory cortex
Answer: C
Q2) Following surgery to alleviate her epilepsy,Aino can read words presented to the right visual field,but CANNOT name objects presented to the left visual field.What type of surgery did Aino undergo,and what did it involve?
A) Hemispherectomy, which severs the caudate nucleus
B) Split-brain, which severs the corpus callosum
C) Hemispherectomy, which severs the corpus callosum
D) Split-brain, which severs the caudate nucleus
Answer: B
Q3) Thyroid hormones are important for
Answer: metabolism.
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Chapter 4: Human Development
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445 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the term "nature" refer to in the nature vs.nurture controversy?
Q2) After drinking a quart of rum,sixteen-year old Brady and his friends thought it would be fun to "borrow" Brady's father's car and take it for a drive.Brady realized his bad decision when he missed a turn and put the car in the ditch.Which of the following best explains Brady's poor decision making?
A) peer pressure
B) development of Brady's prefrontal cortex is incomplete
C) alcohol has affected Brady's judgment
D) both peer pressure and the incomplete development of Brady's prefrontal cortex.
Q3) Which of the following was NOT a criticism of Piaget's preoperational and concrete operational stages?
A) Piaget's test depended on language. By making questions non-verbal or by rewording they found different results.
B) Piaget failed to consider the influence of social factors on children's cognitive development.
C) Piaget overestimated the role of culture in cognitive development.
D) Theory of mind experiments suggest children can take the perspective of others much sooner.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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384 Verified Questions
384 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Darby is exposed to two odours that are below her just noticeable difference threshold.As a participant in a study,one of these odours is presented just before Darby receives a shock on her finger.What is likely to happen as a result?
A) she will be unable to detect either odour for a few days
B) she will associate the shock with both odours
C) she will now be able to discriminate between the two odours
D) she will develop epileptic seizures triggered by either of the two odours
Q2) Ivan is going bungie jumping and he has to wear a special harness that fits snuggly across his ribs.The problem is that his ribs are extremely ticklish,and he can't stand having the instructor buckle him up without having a tickle fit.So,he does his best to do up his own harness and the instructor inspects the finished job.Why was Ivan able to do it himself when he was too ticklish with the instructor?
A) the instructor was trying to tickle him
B) the tactile stimulation is surprising when the instructor is doing it
C) Ivan's tactile threshold is higher when the instructor is tickling him than when he tickles himself
D) Ivan is beginning to outgrow the ticklish stage, as indicated by the fact that he can no longer tickle himself
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Chapter 6: Consciousness
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323 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is it called when a person needs to consume more of the drug over time to receive the same effect?
A) withdrawal
B) addiction
C) tolerance
D) homeostasis
Q2) Dr.James is a contemporary psychodynamic psychologist.Her colleague,Dr.Kagawa,is a cognitive psychologist.How does each of these psychologists view the function of unconscious thought?
A) Dr. James views unconscious processing as a mechanism protecting us from disturbing thoughts. Dr. Kagawa sees it as part of everyday information processing.
B) Dr. James views unconscious thought as part of everyday information processing. Dr. Kagawa sees it as a mechanism protecting us from disturbing thoughts.
C) Both Dr. James and Dr. Kagawa see unconscious processing as a mechanism protecting us from disturbing thoughts.
D) Both Dr. James and Dr. Kagawa see unconscious mechanisms as part of everyday information processing.
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8
Chapter 7: Learning
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446 Verified Questions
446 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a stimulus that is similar to the original CS triggers the same CR,this is called
A) stimulus generalization.
B) stimulus discrimination.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) systematic desensitization.
Q2) Which of the following is likely to remember more information on an exam?
A) Jennifer, who studied for the entire day before the exam
B) Mabel, who attended class every day and studied the night before the exam
C) John, who studied the entire day before the exam but took breaks
D) Liam who reviews his class notes for an hour every night beginning the week before the exam
Q3) Evidence that observational learning has occurred is found with A) learned helplessness.
B) vicarious learning.
C) social learning.
D) modelling.
Q4) Provide an example of a specific phobia.Explain how the condition may have developed through classical conditioning by identifying the sequence of events associated with the US,UR,CS,and CR.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Harry's and his mother are discussing a house they lived in when Harry was just 2 years old.Harry is surprised that he has no memory of that particular house.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Harry's memory lapse?
A) Harry has retrograde amnesia.
B) Harry has anterograde amnesia.
C) Harry has infantile amnesia.
D) Harry never encoded his experience at that house.
Q2) Latif's boss lists off a dozen items that he needs to bring to the meeting,but then Latif's administrative assistant enters with a document that needs his signature.If Latif is asked to remember the list of items right after his assistant leaves,how is he likely to do?
A) He won't remember any of the items.
B) He will remember the items at the beginning of the list.
C) He will remember the items at the end of the list.
D) He will remember all the items.
Q3) Describe the kinds of memories and memory changes that characterize early life and later life.
Q4) Describe the various types of information that are encoded as phonological versus visual codes.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Language and Thought
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283 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Impairments in controlled processing are characteristic of ___ syndrome,reflecting damage to the ___ cortex.
A) control deficit; prefrontal
B) control deficit; parietal
C) dysexecutive; prefrontal
D) dysexecutive; parietal
Q2) Pragmatics refers to the practical use of language.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Aish said she could NOT put batteries in her new toy because she did NOT have a screwdriver.What problem-solving difficulty did NOT prompt her to find another device she could use to serve the same purpose?
A) confirmation bias
B) working backward
C) functional fixedness
D) lack of imagination
Q4) One aspect of pragmatics is our use of body language such as facial movements and gestures that may affect the meaning of the words we speak.The use of body language is a type of ___ communication.
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Chapter 10: Intelligence
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356 Verified Questions
356 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how brain size,number of neurons,processing speed,brain activity,and cortical thickness relate to intelligence.
Q2) Someone who has an intellectual disability would display
A) well below average intellectual functioning and poor adaptive functioning.
B) well below average intellectual functioning and good adaptive functioning.
C) below average intellectual functioning and some mild problems with adaptive functioning.
D) average intellectual functioning and very poor adaptive functioning.
Q3) Which term refers to the overall extent that differences in IQ among people are attributable to genes?
A) heritability
B) coefficient
C) biological
D) environment
Q4) Describe Galton's theory of psychophysical intelligence.
Q5) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic typical of creative people?
A) extrinsic motivation
B) imagination
C) a game personality
D) complex thinking
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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403 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a psychological need?
A) self-worth
B) affiliation
C) food
D) achievement
Q2) Which theory of emotion supposes that physiological arousal and emotion happen simultaneously?
A) Schachter and Singer's Two-Factor theory
B) James-Lange theory
C) Cannon-Bard theory
D) facial-feedback theory
Q3) When it comes to sexual arousal,men are to ___as women are to ___.
A) fantasy; visual stimuli
B) visual stimuli; fantasy
C) visual stimuli; physical contact
D) physical contact; verbal expression
Q4) Physical manifestations of emotions such as anxiety are produced by our autonomic nervous system.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why must we be careful in drawing conclusions from genetic and neurological personality research?
A) because one gene is responsible for one personality trait
B) because personality reflects activity in many brain regions and is the expression of multiple genes
C) because each personality trait originates from a specific area of the brain
D) because neurotransmitter levels fluctuate dramatically over the course of a day
Q2) In what way are the situationist and interactionist perspectives similar?
A) They both emphasize disposition-situation consistency.
B) They both acknowledge the influence of the situation.
C) They both acknowledge the influence of internal personality traits.
D) They both agree that personality is consistent across situations.
Q3) Which of the following is true about the MMPI?
A) It is a projective test.
B) The items on the test were empirically derived to determine their ability to predict personality types.
C) It requires subjective interpretation by the test administrator.
D) It is not used very often because it is difficult to administer.
Q4) According to Freud,what are defence mechanisms?
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Chapter 13: social Psychology
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305 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes what was learned from the Stanford Prison experiment?
A) People may initially adopt the role to which they are assigned but they quickly return to their own identity.
B) People may initially adopt the role to which they are assigned, but after a short period of time they begin to question the decisions of those in authority.
C) The findings of the study appear to predict behaviours in similar situations such as prison, or prisoner-of-war camps.
D) There was little learned from this study because it was so ethically flawed the findings were tainted.
Q2) Cognitive dissonance theory was proposed by A) Bem.
B) Milgram.
C) Eagly and Chaiken.
D) Festinger and Carlsmith.
Q3) The component of attitudes that describes how we feel about something is the ___ component.
Q4) Give an example of the foot-in-the-door persuasion technique.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Stress,coping,and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a function of coping?
A) conflate stressors
B) reduce stressors
C) manage stressors
D) tolerate stressors
Q2) A researcher decides to expose rats to a stressful environment.Rats are exposed to shock.Some rats (the executive rats)can turn the shock off by making a decision to press the correct lever based on different warning sounds.Other rats (the worker rats)were exposed to the same warning sounds and the same shock but were NOT given the chance to make decisions about which levers to press.Based on what you know about cognitive responses to stress,you would expect the "executive rat" to have ___ health problems and the "worker rat" to have ___ health problems.
A) more; fewer
B) fewer; more
C) both rats to have the same health problems
D) There is no way to predict the outcome of this study.
Q3) What type of explanatory style is related to the belief that despite setbacks,things will improve?
Q4) Provide an example of problem-focused coping.
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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332 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___ believe that people with severe depression acquire distinctly negative behaviours and think in dysfunctional ways that help cause and lock in their disorders.
A) Cognitive- behavioural theorists
B) Humanistic theorists
C) Psychodynamic theorists
D) Neuroscientists
Q2) Cognitive-behavioural theorists suggest that generalized anxiety disorder is caused in part by ___.
A) dysfunctional assumptions
B) abnormal brain structures
C) abnormal neurotransmitter functioning
D) unconscious conflicts
Q3) Which of the following individuals has a somatization disorder?
A) Agathe, who has three different personalities
B) Tamás, who has no memory of who he is
C) Miska, who has an extreme and callous disregard for the feelings and rights of others
D) Umut, who is blind although the doctors say that his visual system is fully functional
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Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychodynamic therapy.
Q2) Which of the following is a belief held by existential therapists?
A) Research strongly supports the effectiveness of existential therapy.
B) Research somewhat supports the effectiveness of existential therapy.
C) Research dehumanizes individuals so should not be conducted.
D) There is a greater need for research into the effectiveness of existential therapy.
Q3) Fahad is suffering from depression after a series of negative events turned his life upside down.First his wife left him,then he lost his job,and he got in a car accident and broke his leg.Fahad's therapist works with him on taking responsibility for some of the choices that led up to these negative events as a way for him to achieve personal freedom.What kind of therapy is Fahad attending?
A) existential therapy
B) Gestalt therapy
C) client-centred therapy
D) rational-emotive therapy
Q4) Describe existential therapy.How is the concept of freedom addressed?
Q5) What psychological phenomenon is exhibited when patients act and feel toward the therapist as they do toward influential figures in their lives,past and present?
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