Human Behavior and Personality Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental principles underlying human behavior and personality, examining how individuals develop distinct patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting throughout life. Students will study major theories and research in personality psychology, including psychodynamic, trait, humanistic, social-cognitive, and biological approaches. The course also delves into the influence of genetics, environment, culture, and social factors on behavior and personality formation, emphasizing both normal patterns and abnormalities. Through case studies, assessments, and discussion, students will gain insights into motivation, emotion, self-concept, personality assessment, and practical applications for understanding themselves and others.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality 8th Edition by Jess Feist
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19 Chapters
1317 Verified Questions
1317 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A useful theory must be falsifiable,which means that
A)it will eventually be proven false.
B)it must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets.
C)it should be flexible enough to encompass opposing data into its framework.
D)it must be either true or false.
Answer: B
Q2) What is the relationship between theory and observation?
A)They are mutually exclusive.
B)Several theories make up an observation.
C)Several observations make up a theory.
D)There is a mutual and dynamic interaction between them.
Answer: D
Q3) Personality theorists have evolved different systems because
A)they have different conceptions as to the nature of humanity.
B)they have had a variety of childhood and professional experiences.
C)they begin with different assumptions concerning personality.
D)Any or all the above are correct.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Freud: Psychoanalysis
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud,a psychologically healthy person has a dominant A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)conscience.
E)ego-ideal.
Answer: B
Q2) A mother who has deep-seated hostility toward her only child but who shows overprotection and hyper-concern for the physical well being of her child illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?
A)identification
B)displacement
C)projection
D)reaction formation
E)sublimation
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Adler: Individual Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adler's break with Freud was due to the fact that
A)Freud believed that psychoanalysis should change to keep up with society.
B)Adler was extremely deferent to Freud.
C)Adler could not accept Freud's strong emphasis on sexual factors as motivators of behavior.
D)Freud lacked organizational skills,leaving Adler with the responsibility of directing the Wednesday Psychological Society.
Answer: C
Q2) Adler held that exaggerated physical deficiencies
A)directly cause abnormal psychological development.
B)are the eventual results of abnormal psychological development.
C)trigger inferiority feelings leading to abnormal development.
D)are unrelated to abnormal psychological development.
Answer: C
Q3) Adler believed that the dynamic force motivating all human activity is
A)organ dialect.
B)a feeling of superiority.
C)the striving for success.
D)inferior physical endowment.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Jungian psychology,the psychologically healthy person has a
A)predominance of introversion.
B)predominance of extraversion.
C)balance of introversion and extraversion.
D)lack of both introversion and extraversion.
Q2) In dreams,figures such as a teacher,philosopher,doctor,or priest may personify the ______ archetype,according to Jung.
A)ego
B)self
C)anima
D)shadow
E)wise old man
Q3) The ultimate goal of Jungian dream interpretation is to A)enhance the persona.
B)uncover hidden sexual urges.
C)conquer unconscious fears.
D)facilitate self-realization.
Q4) Describe Jung's levels of the psyche.
Q5) List and briefly describe Jung's most important archetypes.
Q6) Discuss Jung's notion of extraversion and introversion.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Klein: Object Relations Theory
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Klein contended that when introjected,dangerous objects
A)lose their danger.
B)increase their danger.
C)become internal persecutors.
D)are projected onto the father.
Q2) If a hungry infant cries and kicks,Klein would say that it is
A)motivated by the death instinct.
B)inventing a sign language to communicate distress with its mother.
C)fantasizing about kicking or destroying the "bad" breast.
D)engaging in random behavior.
Q3) Klein believed that children introject their mother into their psychic structure.This means that they
A)believe that they are inside their mother.
B)believe that their mother is inside their own body.
C)reject their mother's authority.
D)adopt their mother's standards of morality.
Q4) Discuss Klein's concept of the paranoid-schizoid position.
Q5) List and discuss Klein's psychic defense mechanisms.
Q6) Compare and contrast Klein's object relations theory and Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Horney,normal and neurotic individuals differ in their use of the three basic styles of relating to people in that
A)neurotics use deceit to relate to others.
B)normals only use one mode of relating to others.
C)neurotics only use one mode of relating to others.
D)neurotics use the three basic styles,but normals do not.
Q2) Feelings of isolation,Horney said,stem from
A)anatomical differences of the two genders.
B)early childhood rejection by parents.
C)peer rejection in adolescence.
D)lack of courage or assertiveness.
E)an overly competitive society.
Q3) Horney saw neurotic behavior as a protection against A)low self-esteem.
B)self-hated.
C)psychoses.
D)basic anxiety.
Q4) Comment on Horney's unique contribution to feminine psychology within the more promasculine psychoanalytic view.Be sure to address the main tenets of Freud that Horney rejected.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fromm used the term "necrophilia" to refer to
A)a sexual perversion involving contact with animals.
B)a sexual perversion involving contact with feces.
C)a sexual perversion involving contact with a corpse.
D)an irrational desire to die.
E)any attraction to death.
Q2) For Fromm,the drive for union with another person or persons reflects the human need of A)transcendence.
B)rootedness.
C)a sense of identity.
D)a frame of orientation.
E)none of these.
Q3) In Fromm's view,the burden of freedom results in A)primal guilt.
B)narcissistic shame.
C)rootedness.
D)basic anxiety.
Q4) Discuss Fromm's basic assumptions about personality and include his three existential dichotomies.
9
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Chapter 8: Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Industry versus inferiority is Erikson's psychosocial crisis of A)early childhood.
B)the play age.
C)the school age.
D)adolescence.
Q2) Erikson characterized the oral-sensory phase as a _________ mode of adaptation.
A)dystonic
B)syntonic
C)psychosocial
D)psychosexual
E)functional
Q3) Erikson believed that some degree of role repudiation is necessary for A)formation of personal identity.
B)injection of new ideas into society.
C)injection of new vitality into the social structure.
D)none of these.
E)all of these.
Q4) List the key concepts in Erikson's infancy stage.
Q5) Compare and contrast Erikson's concept of ego psychology with Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
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Chapter 9: Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Maslow,______ behavior is usually unlearned,spontaneous,and determined by forces within the person rather than by the environment.
A)expressive
B)neurotic
C)coping
D)actualizing
E)Taoistic
Q2) List and explain five assumptions Maslow made about motivation.
Q3) Maslow listed four criteria for reaching self-actualization,including
A)having complete freedom from any type of psychopathology.
B)achieving total satisfaction of all lower needs.
C)being motivated by the B-values.
D)having solved all interpersonal problems.
Q4) Maslow believed that all behavior
A)is motivated.
B)has a cause.
C)is motivated and has a cause.
D)is neither motivated nor has a cause.
Q5) List and explain the five needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
Q6) Discuss Maslow's concept of conative,aesthetic,cognitive,and neurotic needs.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As an adolescent,Rogers
A)was closer to his father than to his mother.
B)was shy and socially incompetent.
C)was greatly admired by family and friends.
D)aspired to become a psychologist.
Q2) Rogers called the tendency for matter (organic and inorganic) to evolve from simpler to more complex forms
A)the formative tendency.
B)the actualizing tendency.
C)self-actualization.
D)the transcendent function.
Q3) According to Rogers,when therapists experience "a warm,positive and accepting attitude toward what is the client",they
A)have unconditional positive regard for that client.
B)experience conditions of worth toward that client.
C)demonstrate feelings of empathy for that client.
D)possess positive self-regard for that client.
Q4) Discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions for psychological growth,as postulated by Rogers.
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Chapter 11: May: Existential Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a young man,Rollo May,like Erik Erikson,
A)had a personal analysis with Anna Freud.
B)became friends with Sigmund Freud.
C)was strongly influenced by Alfred Adler.
D)traveled through Europe as a wandering artist.
E)had a strong desire to become a minister.
Q2) According to May,in North American society,sex is frequently confused with A)care.
B)eros.
C)pleasure.
D)philia.
Q3) Define and explain being-in-the-world and nonbeing
Q4) May's childhood was marked by A)closeness to both parents.
B)parental emphasis on educational achievements.
C)a particularly loving relationship with his mother.
D)parental arguments and family strife.
Q5) List several common assumptions found among most existentialists.
Q6) List and define the four forms of love,as seen by Rollo May.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Allport: Psychology of the Individual
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term "character" originally meant
A)an actor.
B)a marking or engraving.
C)an abnormal individual.
D)determinism.
Q2) The Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) assumes both ______ and ______ orientation toward religion.
A)a theistic; an atheistic
B)a group; an individual
C)a historical; a function
D)a trait; a personal disposition
E)an intrinsic; an extrinsic
Q3) Research indicates that people who score high on the Intrinsic scale of the Religious Orientation Scale (and thus are more involved in their religion) tend to
A)have extreme anxiety.
B)be extremely prejudiced.
C)be emotionally healthy.
D)All of these are correct.
E)None of these is correct.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) summarize their trait model using a schematic drawing whereby peripheral components,comprised of causal,secondary influences on personality,are represented as A)ellipses.
B)rectangles.
C)interconnecting lines.
D)None of these is correct.
Q2) objected to earlier personality theories as over-relying on A)experimental evidence from laboratories.
B)factor analysis.
C)theoretical orientations.
D)clinical events and armchair speculation.
Q3) The Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality shares origins with Eysenck's model in that
A)both emphasize individual case histories as data points.
B)both rely on taxonomies to generate research.
C)Eysenck relied heavily on the research of the FFM.
D)None of these is correct.
Q4) Elaborate on the five-factor model of trait personality theory.
Q5) Explain briefly how factor analysis is used to measure personality traits.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not one of the four levels of hierarchy behavior organization recognized by Eysenck?
A)spontaneous acts
B)specific acts
C)habitual acts
D)types
Q2) The people who most influenced Eysenck were
A)Cyril Burt and Charles Spearman.
B)R.B.Cattell and B.F.Skinner.
C)Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler.
D)E.L.Thorndike and Julian Rotter.
Q3) A trait is best described as
A)a cluster of surface factors.
B)a temporary attitude toward a person or event.
C)an important semi-permanent disposition of a person.
D)an environmentally determined hypothetical construct that shapes an individual's behavior and thought.
Q4) Name and describe Eysenck's three general types,or superfactors.
Q5) Explain and discuss Eysenck's four criteria for identifying a factor.
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Chapter 15: Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A second origin of environment induced individual differences is _______________,which means that different people find what makes them stand out from others in order to gain attention from parents or potential mates.
A)early experiential calibration
B)alternative niche specialization
C)nonadaptive sources
D)maladaptive sources
Q2) Social psychologists use the term ______________ to describe our tendency to ignore situational and environmental forces when explaining the behavior of other people and instead focus on internal dispositions.
A)fundamental attribution error
B)functional dynamics
C)fundamental situational error
D)solutions or mechanisms
Q3) _____________ is change in gene function that does not involve changes in DNA
A)Genetic adaptation
B)Epigenetics
C)Genetic determinism
D)Genetic trigger
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Skinner: Behavioral Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fixed-ratio,variable-ratio,fixed-interval,and variable-interval are examples of A)intermittent schedules.
B)continuous schedules.
C)schedules of punishment.
D)slot machine payoffs.
Q2) As a young man,Skinner wanted to become a A)physician.
B)lawyer.
C)psychologist.
D)writer.
Q3) The label that best fits Skinner's work is A)social learning theory.
B)humanistic theory.
C)radical behaviorism.
D)interpersonal theory.
Q4) Concerning reinforcement,Skinner would most likely say that A)money is an innate reinforcer.
B)money is reinforcing because it has value.
C)money has value because it is reinforcing.
D)All of these are correct.
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Chapter 17: Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Bandura's disengagement technique of displacement of responsibility,the consequences of one's actions are minimized by A)creating moral justifications for others' behavior.
B)euphemistically labeling one's actions as harmless and beneficial.
C)dehumanizing the victims of one's actions.
D)placing responsibility on an outside source.
Q2) In his approach to therapy,Bandura sees three levels of treatment: induction of change,generalization,and A)extinction of old dysfunctional behaviors.
B)maintenance of newly acquired functional behaviors.
C)discrimination between functional and dysfunctional behaviors. D)spontaneous recovery of old functional behaviors.
Q3) Bandura believes that both external and internal factors play a role in self-regulation.An example of an internal factor would be A)performance attribution.
B)monetary reinforcers.
C)praise and encouragement.
D)punishment.
Q4) List and describe the components of Bandura's theory of self-regulation.
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Chapter 18: Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Rotter's theory of personality,what is the relationship between need potential and behavior potential?
A)Need potential is a hypothetical concept,whereas behavior potential refers to an individual's actual behavior.
B)Need potential refers to a group of functionally related behaviors; behavior potential refers to a particular behavior.
C)Need potential can be measured solely through the observation of behavior,whereas behavior potential is inferred from test scores.
D)There is no relationship between these two concepts.
Q2) Rotter defined maladaptive behavior as behavior that
A)satisfies a neurotic need.
B)has low need value and high freedom of movement.
C)moves a person closer to a desired goal.
D)stems from repression of sexual drives.
E)fails to move a person closer to a desired goal.
Q3) Explain Rotter's concepts of internal and external control of reinforcement.
Q4) List Rotter's four variables of prediction and briefly define each of them.
Q5) List and briefly explain Mischel and Shoda's five cognitive-affective units.
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Chapter 19: Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kelly's theory of personal constructs can MOST accurately be called
A)a behavioral theory.
B)a metatheory.
C)an existential theory.
D)a cognitive theory.
Q2) Kelly called the transparent templates or patterns that help us make sense out of the world
A)paradoxical vision.
B)facts.
C)philosophies.
D)personal constructs.
E)principles of organization.
Q3) To Kelly,our actions are shaped by A)our past experiences.
B)environmental events.
C)our anticipation of events.
D)positive and negative reinforcers.
Q4) Discuss the fundamental postulate of Kelly's theory.
Q5) Discuss Kelly's philosophical position.
Q6) Define Kelly's concept of role,including core role.
Page 21
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