Human Behavior and Mental Disorders
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an exploration of the complex interactions between human behavior and mental disorders, emphasizing both theoretical frameworks and practical considerations. Students will examine the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the development and manifestation of various mental health conditions. Topics include classification systems such as the DSM, symptomatology, etiological perspectives, and current approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Case studies and contemporary research are used to illustrate the impact of mental disorders on individuals and society, fostering a deeper understanding of stigma, prevention, and mental health advocacy.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach 5th Edition by David H. Barlow
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16 Chapters
1759 Verified Questions
1759 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to psychoanalytic theory,what is the role of the ego?
A) to counteract the aggressive and sexual drives of the id
B) to maximize pleasure and reduce tension
C) to mediate conflict between the id and the superego
D) to increase self-esteem and a strong sense of identity
Answer: C
Q2) You are a psychiatrist in the 1930s who has decided to begin treating your patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with a new treatment known as "electroconvulsive therapy" instead of the traditional "insulin shock therapy." What is the most likely reason for this decision?
A) You believe that insulin therapy is too expensive.
B) You believe that insulin therapy is too risky.
C) You believe that insulin therapy is not effective.
D) You believe that insulin therapy is unethical.
Answer: B
Q3) Compare and contrast classical psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy.Note the criticisms of classical psychoanalysis,and explain why it is more of historical than of current interest.
Answer: Student responses will vary.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) From their review of studies examining Stroop effects in eating-disordered samples,what did Dobson and Dozois (2004)find in the colour-naming for body/weight words in those with anorexia?
A) Those with anorexia were more accurate.
B) Those with anorexia were less accurate.
C) Those with anorexia were slower.
D) Those with anorexia were faster.
Answer: C
Q2) In their study comparing a placebo to opioid drugs,what did Petrovic and colleagues (2002)conclude?
A) Psychological factors can affect brain function.
B) Drugs should not be prescribed for most painful conditions.
C) Pain is more of a psychological phenomenon than it is physical.
D) Opioid drugs may relieve pain only through the expectation of pain relief.
Answer: A
Q3) Name three important neurotransmitters and describe what impact each one is thought to have on human experience.
Answer: Student responses will vary.
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4
Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
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111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What have researchers found regarding the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)I and II?
A) There are significant gender differences on this test that are not observed on other IQ tests.
B) Scores on this test do not predict academic success well at all.
C) The WISC is fully "portable" across cultural boundaries.
D) A variety of factors can influence scores, including culture.
Answer: D
Q2) On which MMPI scale would a pattern of responses indicating negative expectations about the motives of others and generalized distrust produce a high score?
A) Fears (FRS)
B) Psychopathic Deviation (Pd)
C) Bizarre Mentation (BIZ)
D) Cynicism (CYN)
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how genetic linkage studies are conducted and how these studies may help identify the specific locations of genes influencing a particular form of psychopathology.
Q2) Professor Black is asked by one of his students to describe the meaning of a hypothesis.What should Professor Black say?
A) A hypothesis is a question.
B) A hypothesis is a statement of fact
C) A hypothesis is a prediction about behaviour.
D) A hypothesis is an established theory.
Q3) At this point,the human genome project has been successful in producing which of the following?
A) a map of the structure of human genes, but little success in mapping gene locations
B) a map of some but not all human genes
C) a rough draft of the mapping of all human genes
D) a complete listing of each human gene and its function
Q4) Describe the case study as a research method.Explain several advantages and disadvantages of the case study as a research method.
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Chapter 5: Anxiety,Trauma-Related,and
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following symptoms often accompanies obsessive-compulsive disorder?
A) panic attacks
B) delusions
C) specific phobia
D) social anxiety disorder
Q2) According to research,what area of the brain was activated in people with social anxiety disorder who viewed angry and contemptuous faces?
A) the temporal lobe
B) the frontal lobe
C) the hippocampus
D) the amygdala
Q3) Which of the following groups is generalized anxiety disorder most prevalent in?
A) teenage girls
B) young adult males
C) middle-aged males
D) the elderly
Q4) Discuss panic disorder,including symptoms and causes.Explain the concepts of biological vulnerability and generalized psychological vulnerability and their contributions to the development of this disorder.
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Chapter 6: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In dissociative identity disorder,who is usually the first personality to seek treatment?
A) the person's original personality
B) someone other than the person's original personality
C) the most aggressive personality
D) the first alter personality to develop
Q2) Tracey has localized amnesia,what does she likely have no memory of?
A) events prior to a trauma
B) anything, including who she is
C) events following a trauma
D) selective events, particularly those involving trauma
Q3) Vince has been under a lot of stress.One morning he awakens to find he is totally blind.At his physician's office,Vince says he is upset by the loss of his eyesight,but he appears to be totally calm.Which of the following can best explain Vince's lack of emotional reaction?
A) malingering
B) la belle indifférence
C) emotional compensation
D) Munchausen syndrome
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8
Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to several studies,which of the following has been found to show a strong association with depression in women?
A) a tendency to engage in activities that take their minds off negative feelings
B) a history of childhood sexual abuse
C) the size of their extended families
D) brain damage
Q2) Marieke has dysthymic disorder while Jackie has major depressive disorder.How will the experiences of the two women differ?
A) Marieke will have episodic symptoms of depression.
B) Marieke will have longer-lasting symptoms of depression.
C) Marieke will have more severe symptoms of depression.
D) Marieke will have have temporary symptoms of depression.
Q3) Four people have just experienced the death of a spouse.Which of them is most likely to have a pathological grief reaction?
A) Alice, whose husband committed suicide
B) Beth, who was highly dependent on her late husband
C) Claire, who has no family support
D) Diane, who had a highly conflicted relationship with her late husband
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Chapter 8: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the differences between nightmares and sleep terrors? Describe what we know about sleep terrors,including the age at which it generally occurs and how it has been treated?
Q2) What are two factors that help regulate our natural sleep/wake cycles?
A) light and psychological factors
B) melatonin and light
C) psychological factors and melatonin
D) melatonin and serotonin
Q3) If a person spends 10 percent of "bed time" awake,what is their sleep efficiency?
A) 10
B) 40
C) 60
D) 90
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a medical complication related to bulimia?
A) sudden death
B) food refusal
C) renal failure
D) calluses on the fingers
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10
Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an effort to reduce sexual infections among inner-city black females,a program called SIHLE (Sistas Informing,Healing,Living,Empowering)was developed.Unlike other prevention programs,what was the focus of this program?
A) cognitive decision-making skills
B) building motivation through instilling pride
C) providing condoms
D) developing relationships with community health-care providers
Q2) In the mid-19th century,what disorder was thought to cause symptoms of fatigue,vague aches and pains,low-grade fever,and lack of energy?
A) somatic syndrome
B) neurasthenia
C) neurosis
D) hysteria
Q3) Describe the use of biofeedback,meditation,and relaxation techniques in the management of stress-related disorders.Discuss the relative effectiveness of these treatments for stress management and pain relief.
Q4) Discuss why stress is often implicated as a factor in cardiovascular disease.Define type A personality; discuss research regarding its validity.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Sexual Dysfunctions,Paraphilic Disorders,and Gender Dysphoria
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Sample Questions
Q1) One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that the concept of "too soon" varies across individuals.What does the textbook suggest that the more important psychological determinant of this complaint may be?
A) a perception of lack of control over orgasm
B) whether the individual is aware of what is a "normal" amount of time
C) whether the individual's partner is sexually satisfied
D) cultural differences in expectations
Q2) Greg and Diana often begin their sexual activity with Greg putting on a striptease show for Diana.Greg says that he gets aroused by exposing himself,and Diana reports getting aroused when she watches him undress.What would a sex therapist say about Greg and Diana?
A) Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with a fetish because these behaviours involve consenting individuals.
B) Greg is an exhibitionist, and Diana is a voyeur.
C) Greg is a voyeur, and Diana is an exhibitionist.
D) Both Diana and Greg have nonspecific fetishes because they admit to getting sexually excited by their atypical behaviours.
Q3) Describe a process in which paraphilias may develop.
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related,Addictive,and
Impulse-Control Disorders
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Dylan has been using and abusing marijuana for more than ten years.He is considering quitting because he has begun to experience which of the following?
A) psychological dependence even with occasional use
B) rapid development of tolerance
C) physiological addiction to tobacco smoke
D) paranoia and hallucinations
Q2) Where are the natural opioids,enkephalins,and endorphins found?
A) in DNA
B) in the adrenal glands
C) in the pituitary gland
D) in the brain
Q3) According to the American Psychiatric Association,what does the term "dependence" refer to?
A) physiological dependence on a drug
B) drug-seeking behaviours such as repeated use and the desperate need to ingest more of the drug
C) a combination of the physiological as well as behavioural and psychological responses to drugs
D) repeated use and reliance on street drugs
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Chapter 12: Personality Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using the five-factor model of personality,Paulhus and Williams (2002)administered measures of psychopathy and narcissism to university students.What did they find?
A) The two disorders are virtually identical constructs.
B) The two disorders are overlapping but distinct constructs.
C) Both disorders share a hypersensitivity to criticism.
D) Both disorders were associated with elevated scores on the neuroticism scale.
Q2) Martin believes he can read people's minds and foretell the future.He often feels as if deceased relatives are in the room with him.He talks to himself frequently and often speaks to others in a meandering,vague,although not incoherent manner.He is often unkempt,he believes people are talking about him,and he tends to be socially aloof.Which personality disorder does Martin most likely have?
A) schizoid personality disorder
B) schizotypal personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) multiple personality disorder
Q3) Describe the similarities and differences between individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and individuals diagnosed with the anxiety disorder called obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What hypothesis has the fact that nothing that resembles our current image of schizophrenia exists in historic records or ancient literature given rise to?
A) Schizophrenia is a recent phenomenon and, like AIDS, may involve some newly introduced virus.
B) Schizophrenia is a social and cultural construct.
C) There may have been effective treatments for the symptoms of schizophrenia in some ancient societies.
D) Schizophrenia was frequently confused with bipolar illness.
Q2) Sanjev has had schizophrenia since he was 21 years old,and now he is 71 years old.How have his symptoms of schizophrenia MOST likely changed as his age has advanced?
A) His hallucinations likely decreased.
B) His negative symptoms involving speech decreased.
C) His delusion likely increased.
D) His negative symptoms involving cognitive difficulties have decreased.
Q3) Describe the current theories and evidence for the biological causative factors of schizophrenia,including neurotransmitter imbalances,brain structure,and viral infection.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
A) a form of cerebral palsy
B) a viral infection that causes intellectual disability
C) a cluster of symptoms displayed by some individuals with intellectual disability
D) a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability
Q2) When an educational system based classification is made for someone with an intellectual disability,what is the minimum IQ that is considered "educable"?
A) 50
B) 60
C) 70
D) 80
Q3) Four-year-old Ava has just been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.Her parents ask a specialist how likely it is that Ava will develop speech.What does the specialist tell them?
A) Approximately one out of every ten children with ASD develops speech.
B) Approximately one out of every four children with ASD develops speech.
C) Approximately one out of every two children with ASD develops speech.
D) Approximately three out of every four children with ASD develop speech.
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Chapter 15: Neurocognitive Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ted has been admitted to the hospital with delirium.Ted's doctor thinks the delirium was caused by a medication Ted takes.Ted takes several medications,which ones is the doctor probably most concerned about?
A) those with neuroleptic effects
B) those with cholinergic effects
C) those with extra-pyramidal effects
D) those with anticholinergic effects
Q2) How is neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease best characterized?
A) by a few severe cognitive deficits that develop quickly
B) by a few severe cognitive deficits that develop gradually and steadily
C) by multiple cognitive deficits that develop gradually and steadily
D) by multiple cognitive deficits that develop quickly
Q3) Explain how neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease is usually treated.Include information about medication and psychosocial therapies.How would you characterize the success of the currently available treatment options for neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease?
Q4) What are some of the issues that caregivers must face when dealing with a patient with Alzheimer's disease?
Q5) Describe the typical causes of delirium and how it is treated.
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Chapter 16: Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT included in the "boundary issues" principle in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists?
A) Give reasonable assistance to help a person secure needed services if the therapist is unable to treat the person himself or herself.
B) Do not exploit any relationship established with a client to further one's own personal, business, or political interests at the expense of the best interests of the client.
C) Avoid dual relationships (e.g., acting as therapist to someone the therapist has interactions with in another context).
D) Do not take advantage of a client's trust or dependency to encourage or engage in sexual relations with clients or with a client's partner or relatives.
Q2) Which of the goals of deinstitutionalization have been accomplished?
A) the creation of innovative outpatient mental health and recreational services
B) the reduction of the societal stigma that once harmed those suffering from a mental illness
C) the closing of large psychiatric hospitals
D) the creation of a network of community mental health centres
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