Human Anatomy Review Questions
Course Introduction
Human Anatomy is an in-depth exploration of the structure and organization of the human body. This course covers the fundamental concepts of anatomical terminology, body systems, and the relationships between various organs and tissues. Students will examine major systems such as the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems through lectures, laboratory work, and practical demonstrations. Through visual aids, models, and dissection, learners gain a comprehensive understanding of human form and function, fostering a foundation for further study in medical, health, and biological sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Human Anatomy 9th Edition by Frederic H. Martini
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28 Chapters
3539 Verified Questions
3539 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The anatomical term calcaneus refers to the calf.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What is the anatomical term for Label G?
A) Pleural cavity
B) Peritoneal cavity
C) Pericardial cavity
D) Abdominal cavity
E) Pelvic cavity
Answer: E
Q3) A transverse section at the level immediately below the nipple would pass through which body cavity(ies)?
A) pleural cavities
B) pericardial cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) pelvic cavity
E) both the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity
Answer: E
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Foundations: The Cell
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ provide strength, stabilize organelles, and transport materials within the cytoplasm; they are defined by their size rather than composition, which varies from cell to cell.
A) Cilia
B) Thick filaments
C) Microfilaments
D) Tubulin filaments
E) Intermediate filaments
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following statements accurately describes cytosol?
A) The term encompasses all material inside the cell.
B) It is the fluid content inside the cell.
C) It contains much less protein than the extracellular fluid.
D) It contains large amounts of carbohydrates.
E) It is composed of the intracellular structures known as organelles.
Answer: B
Q3) Vesicles that contain oxidases and catalase are called peroxisomes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The areolar tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the ________.
A) lamina lucida
B) transudate
C) lamina propria
D) mesothelium
E) lamina densa
Answer: C
Q2) Neural tissue is characterized by ________.
A) extremely long cells
B) cells with branching processes
C) neuroglia with varied functions
D) the ability to transmit electrical impulses
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Q3) The supporting structural material of the epiglottis is elastic cartilage.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Integumentary System
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It takes ________ for a cell to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum.
A) 10-24 hours
B) 15-30 days
C) 3-7 days
D) 2-3 weeks
E) 2-3 months
Q2) What is the structure indicated by Label D?
A) Stratum basale
B) Reticular layer of dermis
C) Stratum spinosum
D) Papillary layer of dermis
E) Stratum granulosum
Q3) Cerumen is commonly known as ________.
A) salts
B) proteins
C) earwax
D) water
E) saliva
Q4) What is "baby fat" and what is its importance?
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Chapter 5: The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and
Skeletal Structure
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it?
A) fossa
B) process
C) foramen
D) condyle
E) ramus
Q2) Identify the structure indicated by Label F.
A) Central canal
B) Circumferential lamella
C) Ridge
D) Perforating canal
E) Periosteum
Q3) Which of the following occurs during endochondral ossification?
A) Osteocytes differentiate within a mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue.
B) Osteoclasts secrete the organic component of the matrix.
C) Osteoblasts lay down bone on a membranous template.
D) The bone grows in length and in diameter.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Q4) How does an extensive exercise program affect the appearance of the skeleton?
Why do these changes occur?
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: Axial Division
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mandible is the upper jawbone.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identify the structure indicated by Label H.
A) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
B) Crista galli
C) Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
D) Cribriform plate of ethmoid
E) Horizontal plate of palatine bone
Q3) Identify the structure indicated by Label U.
A) Mastoid process
B) Styloid process
C) Pterygoid process
D) Posterior clinoid process
E) Zygomatic process of temporal bone
Q4) Coccygeal fracture is possible during childbirth or when one falls on the buttocks.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure indicated by Label C.
A) Trapezium
B) Trapezoid
C) Capitate
D) Hamate
E) Scaphoid
Q2) The ________ is the most fractured carpal bone.
A) scaphoid
B) capitate
C) pisiform
D) trapezium
E) trapezoid
Q3) The only point of direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton is at (the)________.
A) sternal end of the clavicle
B) acromial end of the clavicle
C) acromion process of the scapula
D) coracoid process of the scapula
E) glenoid cavity
Q4) How can the age of a skeleton be determined?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Skeletal System: Articulations
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131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.
A) Supraspinous ligament
B) Nucleus pulposus
C) Ligamentum flavum
D) End plate
E) Annulus fibrosus
Q2) The superficial ________ reinforce(s)the back of the knee joint.
A) anterior cruciate ligament
B) patellar ligaments
C) popliteal ligaments
D) medial collateral ligament
E) posterior cruciate ligament
Q3) Which structure(s) connects the distal radius to the anterior surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum?
A) dorsal radiocarpal ligament
B) ulnar collateral ligament
C) palmar radiocarpal ligament
D) radial collateral ligament
E) intercarpal ligament
Q4) What are the components of a synovial joint?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and
Muscle Organization
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are oxygen and nutrients supplied to the tissues of a muscle?
Q2) The sarcoplasmic reticulum is (the)________.
A) sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibers
B) cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibers
C) a membrane complex in skeletal muscles similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) extension of the skeletal muscle sarcolemma into the cell
E) a membrane complex in skeletal muscles similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum
Q3) Why does a sarcomere itself appear to be banded, and what constituents comprise these bands?
Q4) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label J.
A) Blood vessel
B) Nerve
C) Muscle fiber
D) Nucleus
E) Mitochondrion
Q5) When viewed under polarized light, the dark staining bands are the A bands.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How is muscle contraction regulated by tropomyosin and troponin?
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Chapter 10: The Muscular System: Axial Musculature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.
A) Serratus anterior
B) Tendinous inscriptions
C) Umbilicus
D) External oblique aponeurosis
E) Linea alba
Q2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label BBB.
A) Temporoparietalis
B) Procerus
C) Masseter
D) Occipitofrontalis
E) Risorius
Q3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.
A) Rectus sheath
B) Serratus anterior
C) External intercostals
D) External oblique
E) Internal intercostals
Q4) What would be the consequences of a lacerated trigeminal nerve in terms of muscular control?
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Chapter 11: The Muscular System: Appendicular
Musculature
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lesser tubercle of the humerus is the insertion point for the ________ muscle.
A) infraspinatus
B) subscapularis
C) teres major
D) deltoid
E) supraspinatus
Q2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.
A) Adductor longus
B) Sartorius
C) Gracilis
D) Tensor fasciae latae
E) Rectus femoris
Q3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.
A) Rectus abdominis
B) Serratus anterior
C) External oblique
D) Transversus abdominis
E) Internal oblique
Q4) Which muscles are responsible for finger abduction?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.
A) Spinal cord
B) Abdominal aorta
C) Ascending colon
D) Thoracic aorta
E) Intervertebral disc
Q2) The region in the neck where you can feel your pulse is called the ________.
A) suprahyoid triangle
B) submandibular triangle
C) superior carotid triangle
D) inferior carotid triangle
E) posterior cervical triangle
Q3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.
A) Deltoid muscle
B) Pectoralis major muscle
C) Coracobrachialis muscle
D) Latissimus dorsi muscle
E) Trapezius muscle
Q4) What is the femoral triangle and what is its clinical significance?
Page 14
Q5) Why is it important to know the standards for viewing cross-sectional images?
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Chapter 13: The Nervous System: Neural Tissue
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Axons connecting the ganglion cells with the peripheral effectors are called
A) postganglionic fibers
B) ganglionic fibers
C) preganglionic fibers
D) efferent fibers
E) afferent fibers
Q2) Collections of axons in the CNS that have a common origin and destination are called ________.
A) nerves
B) centers
C) tracts
D) ganglia
E) nuclei
Q3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.
A) Postsynaptic neurons
B) Telodendria
C) Dendrites
D) Axon terminals
E) Glial cell processes
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Chapter 14: The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Polysynaptic reflex arcs differ from monosynaptic reflex arcs in that the former have ________, which are not present in the latter.
A) an interneuron or interneurons
B) stimuli
C) specific receptors
D) cranial processing centers
E) spinal cord processing centers
Q2) The term for a reflex that is genetically determined is a(n)________ reflex.
A) acquired
B) cranial
C) spinal
D) monosynaptic
E) innate
Q3) Why are spinal taps done in the lumbar region when a CNS infection is suspected?
Q4) The pia mater is the ________.
A) meninx that forms denticulate ligaments
B) outermost covering over the brain, but not the spinal cord
C) toughest and thickest of the meninges
D) meninx that contains cerebrospinal fluid
E) meninx that forms the major component of the coccygeal ligament
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Chapter 15: The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts
of the Spinal Cord
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81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.
A) Rubrospinal tract
B) Vestibulospinal tract
C) Reticulospinal tract
D) Anterior corticospinal tract
E) Tectospinal tract
Q2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.
A) Lateral corticospinal tract
B) Anterior spinocerebellar tract
C) Lateral spinothalamic tract
D) Rubrospinal tract
E) Anterior corticospinal tract
Q3) The ________ tract carries information that controls muscle tone and balance.
A) pyramidal
B) reticulospinal
C) tectospinal
D) vestibulospinal
E) rubrospinal
Q4) Predict the effects of a superficial injury to the spinocerebellar tracts.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pineal gland secretes ________.
A) serotonin
B) melanin
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine
E) melatonin
Q2) Which cerebellar structure is important in the maintenance of balance and the control of eye movements?
A) vermis
B) flocculonodular lobe
C) primary fissure
D) anterior lobe
E) posterior lobe
Q3) Identify the structure indicated by Label F.
A) Arachnoid mater
B) Meningeal cranial dura
C) Transverse sinus
D) Periosteal cranial dura
E) Pia mater
Q4) What is Bell's palsy?
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Chapter 17: The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bloodstream does not contain the enzymes that break down which of the following sympathetic neurotransmitters?
A) dopamine and serotonin
B) serotonin and norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine and epinephrine
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine
E) acetylcholine and serotonin
Q2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.
A) Gray rami to spinal nerves
B) White rami to spinal nerves
C) Celiac ganglion
D) Lesser splanchnic nerve
E) Cardiac plexus
Q3) The enteric nervous system has neurons located in (the)________.
A) lymphatic vessels
B) skeletal muscle
C) walls of the digestive tract
D) reticular layer of the dermis
E) heart wall
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Chapter 18: The Nervous System: General and Special Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tensor tympani muscle ________.
A) originates from the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity
B) pulls the stapes upon contraction
C) pulls the malleus laterally upon contraction, stiffening the tympanic membrane
D) is innervated by motor fibers of the trigeminal nerve
E) inserts on the stapes
Q2) Which receptor type is located in the dermis, is sensitive to pressure and vibrations, but is tonically active and shows little if any adaptation?
A) tactile corpuscles
B) lamellar corpuscles
C) bulbous corpuscles
D) baroreceptors
E) root hair plexus
Q3) When a sound vibrates the eardrum, the movements are conducted to the perilymph of the inner ear by the movements of the stapes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is glaucoma and what is its cause(s)?
Page 20
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Chapter 19: The Endocrine System
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.
A) Cervix
B) Uterus
C) Vagina
D) Uterine tube
E) Ovary
Q2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.
A) Testis
B) Prostate
C) Urethra
D) Penis
E) Ureter
Q3) Regarding the hormone groups based on their chemical structure, the ________ are derivatives of tyrosine and are released by the adrenal medulla.
A) eicosanoids
B) catecholamines
C) steroid hormones
D) thyroid hormones
E) peptide hormones
Q4) How does the role of the thymus change as an infant grows?
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Chapter 20: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
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71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.
A) Platelets
B) RBCs
C) Eosinophils
D) Megakaryocytes
E) Lymphatic nodules
Q2) Heme molecules are important for holding which of the following in such a way that it can interact with an oxygen molecule?
A) a sodium ion
B) a nitrogen ion
C) an iron ion
D) a magnesium ion
E) a potassium ion
Q3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.
A) Leukocyte
B) Platelet
C) Nerve
D) RBC
E) Megakaryocyte
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Page 22
Chapter 21: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which structure makes up a large percentage of the anterior (sternocostal)surface of the heart?
A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) pulmonary trunk
Q2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Superior vena cava
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Inferior vena cava
E) Bronchus of lung
Q3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.
A) Brachiocephalic trunk
B) Superior vena cava
C) Ascending aorta
D) Pulmonary artery
E) Pulmonary trunk
Q4) Describe the differences between carditis, endocarditis, and myocarditis?
Page 23
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Chapter 22: The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thyroid gland is supplied by which vessel?
A) common carotid artery
B) thyrocervical trunk
C) axillary artery
D) pulmonary trunk
E) vertebral artery
Q2) When an artery constricts, the ________ is thrown into folds that give arterial sections a pleated appearance.
A) external elastic membrane
B) mesothelium
C) adventitia
D) endothelium
E) media
Q3) As the pulmonary trunk curves over the superior border of the heart, it gives rise to the left and right pulmonary arteries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What mechanism(s)and structures maintain the blood supply to the brain under various conditions?
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Chapter 23: The Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The origin of the thoracic duct in most individuals is the ________.
A) cisterna chyli
B) MALT
C) cervical lymph node
D) deep lymphatic trunk
E) aggregated lymphoid nodule
Q2) Large quantities of ________ are contained in the red pulp of the spleen.
A) lymphoid nodules
B) platelets
C) lymphocytes
D) erythrocytes
E) NK cells
Q3) What is the function of a lymphocyte's membrane receptors?
A) recognize specific antigens
B) produce antibodies
C) initiate mitosis to generate memory lymphocytes
D) monitor pH of interstitial fluids
E) bind to other lymphocytes to attack pathogens
Q4) When is a hematologic stem cell transplant utilized as a treatment option? What are the risks?
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Chapter 24: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.
A) Elastic fibers
B) Alveolar duct
C) Capillaries
D) Smooth muscle
E) Alveolar sac
Q2) Regarding respiratory changes at birth, changes in blood flow that occur lead to the closure of the ________, the embryonic interatrial connection.
A) ductus venosus
B) foramen ovale
C) ligamentum arteriosum
D) foramen magnum
E) internal acoustic meatus
Q3) The left main bronchus divides into how many lobar bronchi?
A) one
B) four
C) five
D) three
E) two
Q4) Discuss the symptoms and etiology of cystic fibrosis.
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Chapter 25: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.
A) Hepatic portal vein
B) Central vein
C) Hepatic artery proper
D) Aorta
E) Common iliac artery
Q2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.
A) Fundus
B) Cardia
C) Body
D) Esophagus
E) Pylorus
Q3) The chief cells near the base of a gastric gland secrete ________, which is converted by the acids in the gastric lumen to an active proteolytic enzyme.
A) cholecystokinin
B) rennin
C) secretin
D) intrinsic factor
E) pepsinogen
Q4) How do aggregated lymphoid nodules protect the small intestine from infection?
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Chapter 26: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adipose tissue that surrounds the fibrous capsule is called the ________.
A) renal cortex
B) perinephric fat
C) renal medulla
D) pararenal fat body
E) renal pyramid
Q2) Age-related changes in the urinary system include ________.
A) an increase in the number of cortical nephrons
B) an increase in the overall amount of glomerular filtration
C) reduced sensitivity to ADH
D) greater reabsorption of water
E) increase in renal blood flow efficiency
Q3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.
A) Lobar veins
B) Renal vein
C) Efferent arteriole
D) Cortical radiate veins
E) Vasa recta
Q4) Why are women more susceptible to contracting urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Q5) What is pyelitis? What is/are the cause(s)and consequences of this condition?
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Chapter 27: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average length of the uterine cycle is ________.
A) 14 days
B) 20 days
C) 28 days
D) 35 days
E) 40 days
Q2) Identify the breast structure composed of adipose tissue.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label D
D) Label F
E) Label H
Q3) Identify the structure indicated by Label W.
A) Ovarian ligament
B) Uterine tube
C) Ureter
D) Infundibulum
E) Vaginal artery
Q4) What are the most important events that occur in the uterine cycle?
Q5) Briefly explain the process of spermatogenesis.
Page 29
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Chapter 28: Embryology and Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) At about day nine of development of the blastocyst, the cells of the inner cell mass are organized into an oval sheet that is two layers thick, called the ________.
A) amnion
B) yolk sac
C) endoderm
D) blastodisc
E) None of the answers are correct.
Q2) From which germ layer are muscles derived?
A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
Q3) The cavity separating the inner cell mass from the trophoblast is the ________.
A) blastocoele
B) amniotic cavity
C) lacuna
D) epiblast
E) hypoblast
Q4) What might be done to the mother to widen the opening of the birth canal?
Q5) What are the potential effects of chromosomal abnormalities on the blastocyst?
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