Human Anatomy and Physiology
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Human Anatomy and Physiology is a comprehensive course that explores the structure and function of the human body, offering a detailed examination of the major organ systems, tissues, and cells. Students will learn about the interrelationships between anatomical structures and physiological processes, gaining insight into how the body maintains homeostasis and responds to internal and external changes. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and interactive activities, the course emphasizes the relevance of anatomical and physiological knowledge in health, disease, and clinical practice, preparing students for advanced studies in health-related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy Physiology Disease Foundations for the Health Professions 1st Edition by Deborah Roiger
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17 Chapters
1477 Verified Questions
1477 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Basics
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following organs are housed in the mediastinum except which one?
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Esophagus
D) Trachea
Answer: B
Q2) The abdominopelvic cavity can be subdivided into which two cavities?
A) Abdominal and pelvic cavities
B) Cranial and vertebral cavities
C) Pleural and pericardial cavities
D) Thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following statements is false regarding serous membranes?
A) Serous membranes are found in the thoracic and cranial body cavities.
B) Serous membranes have fluid between the two membrane layers.
C) The pleurae and peritoneum are examples of serous membranes.
D) Serous membranes are double layered membranes.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Levels of Organization of the Human Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) What condition results if the blood's pH is less than 7.35?
A) Acidosis
B) Alkalosis
C) Acidic
D) Alkaline
Answer: A
Q2) What is histology?
A) The study of tissues
B) The study of the human body
C) The study of the history of anatomy
D) The study of physiology
Answer: A
Q3) What is the function of apoptosis?
A) Programmed cell death
B) To remove old, worn out cells
C) To remove cells that have fulfilled their function are no longer needed
D) All of these are correct.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Introduction to Pathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which category of childhood diseases is characterized by an event that disrupts the normal development of the child?
A) Infectious disease
B) Congenital disorder
C) Genetic disorder
D) Developmental disorder
Answer: D
Q2) Which predisposing factor refers to the sex of an individual?
A) Age
B) Lifestyle
C) Environment
D) Gender
Answer: D
Q3) Which type of immune disorder causes a deficiency in the immune system's ability to defend the body?
A) Autoimmune disorders
B) Hypersensitivities
C) Immunodeficiency disorders
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following have the stratum lucidum layer of the epidermis except which one?
A) Thin skin
B) Thick skin
C) Skin on the palms of hands
D) Skin with no hair
Q2) Which of the following is a sign of a third degree burn?
A) Pain
B) Redness
C) Blisters
D) Charring
Q3) What is the hypodermis?
A) The layer of adipose tissue beneath the dermis
B) The layer of skin beneath the dermis
C) The layer of loose/areolar connective tissue beneath the dermis
D) The layer of stratified squamous epithelial tissue beneath the dermis
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6
Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the function of the pubic symphysis?
A) To connect the right and left pelvic girdles
B) The hip socket that allows the pelvic girdle to articulate with the femur
C) To connect the ilium and the sacrum
D) To fuse the ilium, ischium and pubis together
Q2) Which statement best describes a flat bone?
A) A bone that looks like a sheet of modeling clay molded over an object
B) A bone that is longer than it is wide and has clubby ends
C) A bone that is not longer than it is wide
D) A bone that looks like a sesame seed
Q3) What is the proximal long bone of the leg?
A) Tibia
B) Fibula
C) Femur
D) Ilium
Q4) What allows the ribs to attach to the thoracic vertebrae?
A) Odontoid process
B) Costal facets
C) Xyphoid process
D) Dens
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement describes muscle atrophy?
A) Painful muscle spasms.
B) A tear in the muscle tissue.
C) Inflammation of the muscle tissue.
D) Wasting away of muscle tissue.
Q2) What is the connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle?
A) Fascia
B) Epimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Perimysium
Q3) Which of the following combining forms means muscle?
A) myo/o
B) myco/o
C) sacr/o
D) sthen/o
Q4) Which term describes taking a body part away from the midline?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the two major components of the diencephalon?
A) Cerebrum and brainstem
B) Frontal lobe and parietal lobe
C) Medulla oblongata and pons
D) Thalamus and hypothalamus
Q2) In a reflex arc,what has the action potential carrying the signal to the CNS?
A) Receptor
B) Effector
C) Afferent neuron
D) Efferent neuron
Q3) What is the function of CSF?
A) Cushion the brain from impact
B) Provide buoyancy so the brain is not damaged by the bony floor of the skull
C) Rinse the brain and spinal cord of metabolic waste
D) All of these are functions of the CSF
Q4) Which of the following does not represent the correct number of spinal nerves?
A) C1-8
B) T1-12
C) L1-6
D) S1-5
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System-Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What kind of receptor is the olfactory hair?
A) Mechanoreceptor
B) Chemoreceptor
C) Nociceptor
D) Photoreceptor
Q2) What is swimmer's ear?
A) An infection of the outer ear
B) An infection of the middle ear
C) An infection of the inner ear
D) Neither of these answers is correct.
Q3) The endolymph fills what structure in the inner ear?
A) Round window
B) Cochlear duct
C) Bony labyrinth
D) Vestibule
Q4) What is the function of the middle ear?
A) To transfer the sound wave to the tympanic membrane
B) To amplify the vibration of the tympanic membrane
C) To guide the sound wave into the auditory canal
D) To separate the outer ear and inner ear
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Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term means glucose in the urine?
A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Glycosuria
D) Hyperglycemia
Q2) Which gland is located beneath the posterior end of the corpus callosum in the brain?
A) Pineal gland
B) Hypothalamus
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas
Q3) Estrogen,testosterone,progesterone,mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids are examples of what category of hormone?
A) Steroids
B) Amino acid derivatives
C) Proteins
D) All of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 10: The Cardiovascular System-Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding the elimination of clots?
A) Plasmin is changed to plasminogen to help dissolve the clot.
B) The process of dissolving clots is called fibrinolysis.
C) The clot is necessary once a vessel has healed.
D) The process of dissolving clots is called anticoagulation.
Q2) Which of the following statements is false?
A) The extrinsic pathway of blood clotting is begun by damaged tissues.
B) The intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of blood clotting is begun by damaged tissues.
C) The intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of blood clotting requires calcium.
D) The intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of blood clotting requires clotting factors.
Q3) What type of anemia can be caused by the lack of intrinsic factor from the stomach that allows vitamin B<sub>12</sub> to be absorbed?
A) Iron deficiency anemia
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Aplastic anemia
D) Hemolytic anemia
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System - Heart and Vessels
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pulmonary trunk splits into what structure,taking blood to the lungs?
A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Pulmonary veins
Q2) When in the lungs,blood absorbs what?
A) CO<sub>2</sub>
B) O<sub>2</sub>
C) CO
D) O
Q3) Which of the following is not a wave on an ECG?
A) P
B) Q
C) R
D) U
Q4) Which range of blood pressure is considered hypertension?
A) 89/50 mmHg
B) 119/79 mmHg
C) 150/99 mmHg
D) 100/70 mmHg
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Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humoral immunity is effective against what?
A) Cancer cells
B) Virally-infected cells
C) Pathogens present in the tissues
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) In cellular immunity,which cells directly attack a pathogen or cancer cell?
A) T <sub>Cytotoxic</sub> cells
B) T <sub>Helper</sub> cells
C) T <sub>Memory</sub> cells
D) T <sub>Regulatory</sub> cells
Q3) What lymphoid tissue is scattered throughout the mucous membranes lining tracts to the outside environment?
A) MALT
B) Peyer's patches
C) Lymph nodes
D) Tonsils
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14
Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true regarding gas exchange?
A) Blood coming from the right side of the heart to the lung is high in oxygen and the air inspired to the alveolus in the lung is low in oxygen.
B) Oxygen rich blood travels from the lung to the right side of the heart before traveling to the capillaries at the tissues of the body.
C) The blood leaving the capillaries at the tissues of the body travels to the left side of the heart before returning to the lungs.
D) Blood leaves the left side of the heart to carry oxygen through the capillaries to the body's tissues.
Q2) Which type of lung cancer originates in the bronchial epithelium?
A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Oat cell carcinoma
D) None of these are correct.
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15
Chapter 14: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What organ in the digestive system manipulates what is ingested and provides the sense of taste?
A) Teeth
B) Tongue
C) Salivary gland
D) Soft palate
Q2) Where does the blood from the capillaries of the stomach and intestine go?
A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Lymphatic vessels
D) None of these are correct.
Q3) What holds the tooth in its socket in the jaw?
A) Periodontal ligaments
B) Gingiva
C) Enamel
D) Root
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Excretoryurinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about fluids and electrolyte balance is true?
A) The concentration of urine is determined by the amount of water in it.
B) The principal electrolyte in the body is potassium.
C) Where salt goes, water will follow.
D) The volume of urine is determined by the amount of sodium in it.
Q2) All structures entering or leaving the kidney do so at what structure?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Renal cortex
C) Renal medulla
D) Renal hilum
Q3) What term refers to the removal of metabolic waste from the body?
A) Defecation
B) Excretion
C) Vomit
D) Urination
Q4) What structure empties into the renal pelvis?
A) Renal pyramid
B) Major calyx
C) Minor calyx
D) Nephron
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Chapter 16: The Male Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure cools the warm blood from the testicular artery?
A) Cremaster muscle
B) Ductus deferens
C) Dartos muscle
D) Pampinform plexus
Q2) Which part of the sperm contains an acrosome cap?
A) Head
B) Tail
C) Midpiece
D) None of these are correct.
Q3) Which male reproductive system disorder is characterized by the urethra opening on the ventral side or base of the penis instead of on the tip of the glans?
A) Cryptorchidism
B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C) Prostate cancer
D) Hypospadias
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Chapter 17: The Female Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following combining forms refers to cervix?
A) chorion/o
B) o/o
C) lact/o
D) cervic/o
Q2) During which stage of sexual response does the reproductive anatomy return to a pre-arousal state?
A) Arousal
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution
Q3) Which of the following combining forms refers to ovary?
A) ov/o
B) ovari/o
C) ovulo/o
D) oopho/o
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