Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice
Exam
Course Introduction
Human Anatomy and Physiology is a foundational course that explores the structure and function of the human body. Students will examine the major body systems including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems and learn how they work together to maintain homeostasis. The course emphasizes both microscopic and macroscopic anatomy, physiological mechanisms, and the interconnections between different organ systems. Through lectures, laboratory work, and hands-on activities, students gain a comprehensive understanding of human biology, preparing them for advanced studies in health, medicine, and allied fields.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 7th Edition by Valerie C. Scanlon
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Chapter 1: Organization and General Plan of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cranial cavity contains the:
A)brain and eyes
B)brain,eyes,and nasal cavities
C)eyes and nasal cavities
D)brain
Answer: D
Q2) The plantar area is ____________________ to the popliteal area.
Answer: distal (inferior)
Q3) The lower left abdominal quadrant contains:
A)the large intestine
B)the small intestine
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and the spleen
Answer: C
Q4) A coronal section separates the body into:
A)upper and lower parts
B)right and left parts
C)front and back parts
D)medial and lateral parts
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Some Basic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of unsaturated fats?
A)They have one or more double bonds between carbons.
B)They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
C)Most are plant oils.
D)They are made of fatty acids and glycerol.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of these is NOT a product of cell respiration?
A)water
B)carbon dioxide
C)ATP
D)oxygen
Answer: D
Q3) Which element is NOT paired with its correct symbol?
A)carbon - C
B)potassium - P
C)nitrogen - N
D)cobalt - Co
Answer: B
Q4) The mineral necessary for blood clotting is ____________________.
Answer: calcium
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Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) The small intestine absorbs water by the process of:
A)facilitated diffusion
B)active transport
C)osmosis
D)filtration
Answer: C
Q2) A solution with the same salt concentration as cells is said to be:
A)hypertonic
B)hypotonic
C)isotonic
D)ginantonic
Answer: C
Q3) The energy for the process of active transport is provided by
Answer: ATP
Q4) Proteasomes are cell organelles that destroy damaged or misfolded
Answer: proteins
Q5) Egg cells and sperm cells are formed by the process of
Answer: meiosis
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Chapter 4: Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Collagen and elastin are ____ that are made by cells called ____.
A)tissues/columnar cells
B)proteins/fibroblasts
C)proteins/columnar cells
D)tissues/fibroblasts
Q2) The type of muscle that is also called voluntary is:
A)skeletal muscle
B)cardiac muscle
C)smooth muscle
D)visceral muscle
Q3) An organ made of lymphatic tissue is the ____________________.
Q4) The specific tissue that produces a large amount of body heat is ____________________.
Q5) The connective tissue membrane that lines joint cavities is a
Q6) The connective tissue that is important for normal exhalation is:
A)adipose tissue
B)areolar connective tissue
C)elastic connective tissue
D)fibrous connective tissue
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the superficial fascia,the tissue that contains many white blood cells is
Q2) Vasoconstriction in the dermis is important to:
A)increase heat loss in a warm environment
B)conserve heat in a warm environment
C)increase heat loss in a cold environment
D)conserve heat in a cold environment
Q3) Blood flow through the dermis of the skin is decreased by:
A)vasoconstriction in cold weather
B)vasoconstriction in hot weather
C)vasodilation in hot weather
D)vasodilation in cold weather
Q4) Which of the following statements are true of the cutaneous senses? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A)Most of the receptors are in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
B)The more receptors per square inch,the more sensitive the skin is.
C)Free nerve endings are only for pain.
D)Receptors for pressure and itch are encapsulated nerve endings.
E)These senses provide information about the external environment.
F)Receptors are most numerous in the skin of the palms and soles.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mandible and temporal bone form a ____________________ joint.
Q2) In the embryo,the bones of the skull are first made of:
A)bone
B)cartilage
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)elastic connective tissue
Q3) Which pair of bones directly helps to protect the brain?
A)maxilla and frontal
B)zygomatic and temporal
C)parietal and mandible
D)sphenoid and occipital
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of adult bone marrow?
A)Red bone marrow is found in flat bones.
B)A long bone has red bone marrow in the diaphysis.
C)Yellow bone marrow is mostly adipose tissue.
D)All RBCs are produced by red bone marrow.
Q5) A synovial joint is enclosed by the ____________________,which is made of ____________________ tissue.
Q6) The hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is ____________________.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of muscle sense?
A)The receptors are called stretch receptors.
B)The brain creates a mental picture of where the muscles are.
C)We don't have to see our muscles to know where they are.
D)Muscle sense is not necessary for coordination.
Q2) The more stationary attachment of a muscle to a bone is called the:
A)prime mover
B)antagonist
C)insertion
D)origin
Q3) During exercise,the purpose of vasodilation in muscles is to:
A)remove excess body heat
B)pump more blood to muscles
C)supply carbon dioxide
D)increase the blood supply within muscles
Q4) Muscles that move the lower leg must cross the ____________________ joint.
Q5) The muscle in the inguinal area that flexes the thigh is the ____________________.
Q6) During exercise,there is more blood within muscles because of ____________________ within the muscles.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nerve that supplies the posterior side of the lower limb is the:
A)phrenic nerve
B)radial nerve
C)femoral nerve
D)sciatic nerve
Q2) The ____________________ division of the autonomic nervous system dilates the bronchioles and increases heart rate.
Q3) The part of the brain that regulates coordination of voluntary movement is the ____________________.
Q4) A neuron consists of:
A)a cell body
B)dendrites
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and one axon
Q5) The ____________________ lobes of the cerebrum initiate voluntary movement.
Q6) The receptor of a reflex arc:
A)detects the stimulus
B)generates an electrical impulse
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and receives the return impulse
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Chapter 9: The Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of a sensory pathway that carries impulses to the central nervous system is the ____________________.
Q2) The lobes of the cerebrum that contain the visual areas are the:
A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital
Q3) The sclera of the eye:
A)is the middle layer of the eyeball
B)forms the white of the eye
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and is made of elastic connective tissue
Q4) The extrinsic muscles of the eye:
A)are six in number for each eye
B)move the eyeball within the orbit
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and are innervated by cranial nerves
Q5) The ____________________ glands produce tears.
Q6) Vitamin A is necessary for vision for the formation of ____________________.
Q7) The optic disc of the eye is the site of the ____________________.
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that causes strong contractions of the uterus for delivery of a baby is:
A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)oxytocin
D)prolactin
Q2) Which of these is NOT an effect of epinephrine?
A)faster heart rate
B)slower peristalsis
C)dilation of the bronchioles
D)conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver
Q3) Epinephrine is secreted in ____ situations and mimics the effects of the ____ nervous system.
A)nonstressful/sympathetic
B)stressful/parasympathetic
C)nonstressful/parasympathetic
D)stressful/sympathetic
Q4) Secretion of thyroxine is stimulated by ____________________ from the ____________________ gland.
Q5) The hormone that dilates the bronchioles is ____________________.
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kind of WBC that produces antibodies is the ____________________.
Q2) An immature neutrophil is called a ____,and an immature RBC is called a ____.
A)band cell/reticulocyte
B)mast cell/nucleoblast
C)band cell/nucleoblast
D)granular cell/normocyte
Q3) If less carbon dioxide is carried by the blood,the pH of the blood will
Q4) The ABO blood types are named for:
A)the antigens in the person's plasma
B)the antigens on the person's RBCs
C)the antibodies in the person's plasma
D)the antibodies on the person's RBCs
Q5) If more carbon dioxide than usual is in the blood,the pH of the blood will:
A)decrease
B)stay the same
C)increase
D)increase then decrease
Q6) The term ____________________ means prevention of blood loss.
Q7) The term for a low platelet count is ____________________.
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Chapter 12: The Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) The coronary sinus is the union of the ____________________,and it returns blood to the ____________________.
Q2) Resting cardiac output is 5,040 mL.What are the pulse and stroke volume?
A)66 bpm and 68 mL
B)70 bpm and 80 mL
C)72 bpm and 70 mL
D)74 bpm and 80 mL
Q3) The layer of the heart wall that pumps blood is the ____________________.
Q4) The cardiac reserve is the:
A)ability of the heart to speed up when necessary
B)ability of the heart to pump more forcefully
C)difference between resting heart rate and maximum exercise heart rate
D)difference between resting cardiac output and maximum exercise cardiac output
Q5) The inferior vena cava returns blood from the ____________________ to the ____________________ of the heart.
Q6) The function of ANP is to increase excretion of ____________________ and ____________________ by the ____________________.
Q7) The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one minute is called
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Chapter 13: The Vascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In fetal circulation,the ____________________ permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium.
Q2) The flow of venous return is kept to one direction only by the ____________________ in the veins.
Q3) In capillaries,nutrients dissolved in plasma are brought to tissues by the process of:
A)filtration
B)diffusion
C)osmosis
D)phagocytosis
Q4) In capillaries,nutrients are brought out into tissues by the process of ____________________.
Q5) Angiotensin II causes ____________________ and stimulates the secretion of ____________________,both of which will ____________________ BP.
Q6) In pulmonary circulation,blood is pumped to the lungs by the:
A)left ventricle
B)right ventricle
C)left atrium
D)right atrium
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Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the ____________________.
Q2) Artificially acquired active immunity occurs when a person ____________________.
Q3) The lymph nodes that destroy pathogens in lymph returning from the legs are called:
A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)axillary
D)inguinal
Q4) In innate immunity,defensins are antimicrobial chemicals produced by the cells of the ____________________.
Q5) During the second exposure to a foreign antigen,antibodies are produced:
A)not at all
B)slowly,in small amounts
C)rapidly,in large amounts
D)first rapidly,then slowly
Q6) The white blood cells produced by lymph nodes and nodules are the:
A)lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)eosinophils
D)basophils
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Chapter 15: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The air pressure within the bronchial tree and alveoli is called:
A)intrapulmonic pressure
B)stratospheric pressure
C)atmospheric pressure
D)intrapleural pressure
Q2) During inhalation,intrapulmonic pressure ____________________ and air moves ____________________ the lungs.
Q3) The volume of air in the greatest inhalation followed by the most forceful exhalation is called:
A)vital capacity
B)maximal capacity
C)maximal volume
D)vital volume
Q4) The visceral pleura is found:
A)covering the chest cavity
B)lining the chest cavity
C)covering the lungs
D)lining the lungs
Q5) During inhalation,the chest cavity is expanded top to bottom by the contraction of the ____________________.
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Chapter 16: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the colon that surrounds the anus is the:
A)anal canal
B)ascending colon
C)descending colon
D)cecum
Q2) The common bile duct carries ____________________ and ____________________ to the ____________________ of the small intestine.
Q3) Secretion of bicarbonate pancreatic juice is stimulated by the hormone:
A)epinephrine
B)secretin
C)cholecystokinin
D)norepinephrine
Q4) Which plasma protein produced by the liver is NOT paired with its correct function?
A)albumin - maintains blood volume
B)globulin - carries oxygen
C)prothrombin - blood clotting
D)fibrinogen - blood clotting
Q5) Pancreatic trypsin contributes to the digestion of ____________________.
Q6) The ____________________ in saliva inhibits the growth of some bacteria.
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Chapter 17: Body Temperature and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mineral calcium is necessary for:
A)synthesis of bone matrix
B)muscle contraction
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and for blood clotting
Q2) To be used in cell respiration,fatty acid molecules are changed to ____________________ in the process of ____________________.
Q3) A fever-producing substance that is produced by a person's own cells is called a(n):
A)exogenous pyrogen
B)heat-induction factor
C)endogenous pyrogen
D)thermal intrinsic factor
Q4) The kilocalorie is the unit of measure for the ____________________ of foods.
Q5) In cell respiration,metabolic water is made from the hydrogens that have come from ____________________ and the oxygen that has come from
Q6) Vasodilation in the dermis will ____________________ the flow of blood near the body surface and thereby ____________________ the loss of heat.
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Chapter 18: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the kidney,the process of tubular reabsorption transports useful materials from the:
A)glomeruli to the filtrate
B)peritubular capillaries to the filtrate
C)filtrate to the glomeruli
D)filtrate to the peritubular capillaries
Q2) The enzyme renin is produced by the ____ of the kidney.
A)cortex cells
B)juxtaglomerular cells
C)podocytes
D)medulla cells
Q3) The renal pyramids is another name for the:
A)renal pelvis
B)renal cortex
C)renal medulla
D)renal fascia
Q4) A renal corpuscle consists of a ____________________ and ____________________.
Q5) When the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions to regulate pH,the ions that are returned to the blood are ____________________ and ____________________.
Q6) In women,the urinary bladder is ____________________ to the uterus.
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Chapter 19: Fluidelectrolyte and Acidbase Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fluid called plasma is:
A)water within arteries
B)water within veins
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and water within capillaries
Q2) The pH-regulating mechanisms,in order from greatest to least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance,are the ____________________,____________________ and
Q3) An amino acid acts as a base in body fluids when:
A)a carboxyl group donates a hydrogen ion
B)a carboxyl group picks up an excess hydrogen ion
C)an amine group donates a hydrogen ion
D)an amine group picks up an excess hydrogen ion
Q4) Intracellular fluid makes up approximately ____ of the total body fluid and is found
A)one-fourth/within cells
B)one-third/surrounding cells
C)one-half/surrounding cells
D)two-thirds/within cells
Page 21
Q5) The major effect of alkalosis on the body is ____________________.
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Chapter 20: The Reproductive Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of the uterus?
A)It is lateral to the ovaries.
B)The myometrium is made of smooth muscle.
C)The basilar layer regenerates a new endometrium with each menstrual cycle.
D)The cervix opens into the vagina.
Q2) The function of the flagellum of a sperm cell is ____________________.
Q3) In the mammary glands,the hormone ____________________ stimulates milk production,and the hormone ____________________ stimulates release of milk.
Q4) The term vulva refers to:
A)the ovaries,fallopian tube,and uterus
B)the uterus and vagina
C)all of the female reproductive structures
D)the external female genital organs
Q5) Which statement is NOT true of the testes?
A)The sustentacular cells produce inhibin.
B)The interstitial cells produce testosterone.
C)The epididymis is on the lower,anterior side.
D)Sperm are produced in seminiferous tubules.
Q6) In the menstrual cycle,ovulation is stimulated by the hormone
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Chapter 21: Human Development and Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stage of labor during which the amniotic sac ruptures is the:
A)first stage
B)second stage
C)third stage
D)fourth stage
Q2) A person who is homozygous for a particular trait has two ____________________ genes for it.
Q3) For the embryo,the amnion:
A)contains fluid and is a cushion
B)provides oxygen and nutrients
C)forms the first blood cells
D)forms part of the placenta
Q4) The genetic code for one protein is called a(n)____________________.
Q5) For people,curly hair is dominant and straight hair is recessive.Genetics problem: Dad has straight hair and Mom is heterozygous for curly hair.The chance that their child will have straight hair is:
A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)100%
23
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Chapter 22: An Introduction to Microbiology and Human Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of yeasts and molds? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A)A superficial mycosis affects the skin or mucous membranes.
B)Yeasts in small numbers may be part of the resident flora of the skin or oral cavity.
C)The molds that form mycelia are not considered part of resident flora.
D)People with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to systemic mycoses.
E)Several systemic mycoses are lung infections following the inhalation of spores.
F)Molds are true pathogens in that they always cause disease whenever they are present.
Q2) In women,the flora (microbiota)of the vagina create a(n)____________________ pH that inhibits the growth of pathogens.
Q3) Facultative anaerobic bacteria are those that can reproduce
Q4) A(n)____________________ antibiotic is considered effective against just a few kinds of bacteria.
Q5) The vector of plague is a ____________________.
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