Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Human Anatomy and Physiology is an in-depth study of the structure and function of the human body. This course covers the organization of cells, tissues, organs, and systems, exploring how they work individually and together to maintain health and homeostasis. Students will learn about the musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems, combining theoretical knowledge with practical laboratory experiences. Emphasis is placed on the interrelationships between systems and the mechanisms that regulate vital body processes, forming a foundation for advanced studies in health and medical sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arrange the following terms from the smallest to the largest: 1)cell,2)organelle,3)atom,4)organ,5)tissue.
A)3,2,1,5,4
B)1,2,3,4,5
C)5,4,3,2,1
D)3,1,5,4,2
Answer: A
Q2) Distinguish between anatomy and physiology,and then explain how they are related. Answer: Whereas anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts,physiology is the study of the functioning of body parts.Anatomy and physiology are closely related in that the structure of any body part suits its function.
Q3) Sally is rushed to the hospital with acute appendicitis.Which serous membrane is in danger of infection?
A)Peritoneum
B)Pleura
C)Meninges
D)Pericardium
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the DNA molecule,the complementary base pair of adenine is always
A)uracil.
B)cytosine.
C)thymine.
D)guanine.
Answer: C
Q2) Exactly 6.02 x 10<sup>23</sup> atoms of any element is called 1 ____ of that element.
A)atomic mass unit
B)isotope
C)mole
D)mouse
Answer: C
Q3) The sequence of amino acids makes up the ______ structure of a protein.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a form of RNA used in protein synthesis?
A)Messenger RNA
B)Complementary RNA
C)Transfer RNA
D)Ribosomal RNA
Answer: B
Q2) Small lipid soluble molecules would move through the plasma membrane by A)diffusion.
B)osmosis.
C)filtration.
D)pumping.
Answer: A
Q3) Short cylinders with a 9 +0 pattern that form the spindle apparatus during cell division are A)centrioles.
B)basal bodies.
C)flagella.
D)actin filaments.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in (on)the A)skin.
B)trachea.
C)blood vessels.
D)digestive tract.
Q2) Mucous membranes line internal body cavities.
Mucous membranes line cavities that are open to the outside.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A neuron is a
A)muscle cell.
B)nerve cell.
C)fiber cell.
D)cartilage cell.
Q4) Blood cells are formed in the spaces of compact bone. Blood cells are formed in the spaces of spongy bone.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why are carcinomas more common than other forms of cancer?
Q6) Compare the appearance of the three types of muscle tissue.
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which layer of the epidermis are cells constantly dividing?
A)Stratum corneum
B)Stratum lucidum
C)Stratum dermis
D)Stratum basale
Q2) An adult with third-degree burns over 15% of their body would NOT be considered critical.
An adult with third-degree burns over 10% or more of their body would be considered critical.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT another name for the skin?
A)Integument
B)Serous membrane
C)Cutaneous membrane
D)All apply.
Q4) Explain the difference between first-degree and third-degree burns.Which one would possibly require skin grafting?
Q5) Distinguish between the stratum basale and the stratum corneum regarding structure and function.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does NOT aid in the protection of a synovial joint?
A)Ligaments
B)Articular cartilage on bone surfaces
C)Menisci in the knee
D)Bursae
Q2) Which ribs do NOT attach anteriorly to the sternum?
A)True ribs
B)False ribs
C)Floating ribs
Q3) The sella turcica is a feature of the
A)sphenoid bone.
B)ethmoid bone.
C)vomer.
D)occipital bone.
Q4) What are the structures that are air-filled spaces of the skull bones?
A)Sutures
B)Fontanels
C)Paranasal sinuses
D)Lacrimal ducts
Q5) Distinguish among lordosis,kyphosis,and scoliosis.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their fuel supply,oxygen supply,and tension.Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of slow-twitch fibers?
A)A sprint by an Olympic runner
B)Swinging a baseball bat
C)Lifting weights
D)Mountain climbing
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of smooth muscle?
A)Causes peristalsis in the digestive tract
B)Assists voiding of urine
C)Direct flow of blood
D)Assists in respiration
Q3) Smooth muscle has thick and thin filaments arranged the same way as in skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscle has thick and thin filaments that are arranged in a different pattern compared to skeletal muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is meant by oxygen debt?
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an action of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
A)Speeds up the heart
B)Stimulates the liver to release glucose
C)Constricts bronchioles
D)Inhibits salivation
Q2) A stimulus will open ion channels that will allow ________ to flow into the neuron,causing the inside to become______________ charged.
A)sodium,negatively
B)sodium,positively
C)potassium,negatively
D)potassium,positively
Q3) The spinal cord begins at the ________ and ends at the ________.
A)foramen magnum;sacrum
B)foramen magnum;first lumbar vertebrae
C)fifth cervical vertebrae;coccyx
D)second cervical vertebrae;first lumbar vertebrae
Q4) List the following reflex arc components in the order that they would function in producing reflex activity: effector organ,interneuron,motor neuron,receptor,sensory neuron.
Q5) List and describe the three types of functional areas in the cerebrum.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the function of the auditory (eustachian)tube?
A)Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear
B)Allows fluid to drain out of the inner ear
C)Keeps infection out of the middle ear
D)Allows us to hear ourselves speak
Q2) When a person suffers a heart attack they often experience pain in their left shoulder and arm.What is this called and why does it occur?
Q3) What is the area that contains only cones for the most acute vision?
A)Vitreous body
B)Bipolar cell layer
C)Fovea centralis
D)Blind spot
Q4) The photopigment rhodopsin is found in A)rods.
B)cones.
Q5) The inferior rectus muscle
A)rolls the eye downward.
B)rotates the eye clockwise.
C)turns the eye inward,toward the midline.
D)rolls the eye upwarD.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Estrogen causes a greater accumulation of subcutaneous fat in women than in men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The hormone that signals hunger is
A)gastrin.
B)ghrelin.
C)leptin.
D)melatonin.
Q3) With what portion of the brain is the pituitary associated?
A)Cerebrum
B)Cerebellum
C)Thalamus
D)Hypothalamus
Q4) Atrial natriuretic hormone
A)is produced by the heart.
B)is secreted when blood volume is too high.
C)inhibits aldosterone secretion.
D)All apply.
Q5) Explain what is meant by negative feedback in reference to hormone regulation.
Q6) Compare peptide and steroid hormone action.
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The plasma proteins that have the greatest effect on osmotic pressure are
A)albumins.
B)fibrinogens.
C)globulins.
D)hormones.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of blood?
A)Regulating body temperature
B)Regulating pH
C)Regulating capillary exchanges
D)Regulating osmotic pressure
Q3) Natural killer (NK)cells are a type of granular lymphocyte.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Mrs.Smith needs a blood transfusion.She has Type O blood.What type(s)could she safely be given?
A)Type AB only
B)Type AB and Type O
C)Type O only
D)Type A,Type B,Type AB,or Type O
Q5) Compare plasma,tissue fluid,and serum with regard to composition.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) When is the second sound of the heartbeat produced?
A)beginning of atrial systole
B)beginning of atrial diastole
C)beginning of ventricular systole
D)beginning of ventricular diastole
Q2) Small vessels that are involved in the control of blood pressure and distribution of blood are
A)capillaries.
B)venules.
C)arterioles.
Q3) In an ECG,the T wave represents
A)depolarization of the atriA.
B)depolarization of the ventricles.
C)repolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the ventricles.
Q4) The pulmonary vein
A)carries oxygen rich blood from lungs to the left atrium.
B)carries oxygen rich blood toward the body tissues.
C)receives oxygen poor blood from the body tissues.
D)carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs.
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secondary lymphatic organs are where lymphocytes will
A)learn to recognize self cells.
B)grow and mature.
C)encounter and bind to antigens.
D)differentiate into different types of lymphocytes.
Q2) Which type of antibody is found in breast milk,saliva,and other body secretions?
A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
Q3) Dietary fats are absorbed by lacteals found in the haustra of the large intestine. Dietary fats are absorbed by lacteals found in the villi of the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Differentiate between passive and active immunity.
Q5) Lacteals,Peyer's patches,and the appendix are parts of the digestive system that aid the lymphatic and immune systems.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chewing tobacco and snuff are safe alternatives to cigarette smoking.
Chewing tobacco and snuff are NOT safe alternatives to cigarette smoking.The juices contain carcinogens.
A)True
B)False
Q2) __________ is detected by a skin test.
A)Pulmonary fibrosis
B)Strep throat
C)Pneumonia
D)Tuberculosis
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a method of carbon dioxide transport by the blood?
A)dissolved in the plasma
B)as carbaminohemoglobin
C)as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
D)as carbonate ions in the red blood cell
Q4) __________ is a bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract.
A)Pulmonary fibrosis
B)Strep throat
C)Pneumonia
D)Tuberculosis
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body can not make an essential fatty acid,but can make an essential amino acid.
The body can not make either an essential fatty acid or essential amino acid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The __________ transports waste.
A)stomach
B)large intestine
C)small intestine
D)pancreas
Q3) Which of the following is NOT part of the colon?
A)ascending colon
B)rectum
C)sigmoid colon
D)transverse colon
Q4) What separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?
A)the hard palate
B)the frenulum
C)the soft palate
D)both the hard palate and the soft palate
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most important blood buffers is
A)carbonic acid and hydrogen.
B)bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
C)bicarbonate ions and carbonic acid.
D)water and hydroxide ions.
Q2) Where is most of the body's water found?
A)in the blood
B)outside the cells (tissue fluid)
C)inside the cells (intracellular)
D)in the lymph
Q3) The breakdown of nucleotides produces A)creatinine.
B)ammonia.
C)uric acid.
D)urea.
Q4) Most renal calculi are formed from excess cholesterol. Most renal calculi are formed from calcium salts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List the primary ways by which water enters and is lost by the body.
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structures produce the female sex hormones?
A)ovaries
B)follicle
C)corpus luteum
D)All apply.
Q2) The first secretion from the breasts is a milky fluid rich in protein and antibodies called
A)prolactin.
B)oxytocin.
C)colostrum.
D)estrogen.
Q3) Sex hormones are produced only by the gonads.
Sex hormones are also produced by the adrenal glands.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which is NOT a homeostatic function of estrogens?
A)induces the liver to make transport proteins
B)induces synthesis of bone matrix proteins
C)induces increased skeletal muscle development
D)induces feminization of the brain
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) A male will have ____ chromosomes,while a female has _____ chromosomes.
A)XX,XY
B)XY,XX
Q2) Which of the following is NOT part of the sperm?
A)middle piece
B)tail
C)head.
D)body
Q3) During the fourth and fifth weeks
A)all organ systems have appeared.
B)ossification begins.
C)limb buds appear.
D)mother begins to feel movement.
Q4) The yolk sac
A)is the first site of blood cell formation.
B)is the fetal half of the placenta.
C)becomes the umbilical cord vessels.
D)provides nutrition until the placenta is formeD.
Q5) List the embryonic membranes and explain their functions.
Q6) What is a breech birth and why may it necessitate a cesarean section delivery?
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A display of an individual's chromosomes arranged by size,shape,and banding patterns is its
A)somatotype.
B)karyotype.
C)syndrome.
D)chromotype.
Q2) An individual that has a dominant allele will have the phenotype of the A)dominant trait.
B)recessive trait.
C)neither trait.
D)both traits.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a sex-linked inherited disorder?
A)Thalassemia
B)Color blindness
C)Hemophilia
D)Muscular dystrophy
Q4) Over 50% of the genome codes for proteins. Less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins.
A)True
B)False
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