Human Anatomy and Histology
Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of human anatomy and histology, covering the structure and organization of the human body from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Students will study the major organ systems, their functions, and interrelationships, while also examining tissue types, cellular structure, and specialized microscopic techniques used to analyze biological tissues. Emphasis is placed on understanding the correlation between anatomical structures and their histological characteristics, equipping students with foundational knowledge essential for advanced studies in medicine, biology, and health sciences. Practical laboratory sessions supplement theoretical concepts through hands-on examination of anatomical models, tissue samples, and histological slides.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1028 Page 2
Chapter 1: Epithelium
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20394
Sample Questions
Q1) Through which part of a junctional complex can ions freely flow between adjacent cells?
A) Gap junction
B) Hemidesmosomes
C) Macula adherens
D) Zonula adherens
E) Tight junctions
Answer: A
Q2) The portion of the junctional complex primarily responsible for restricting the passage of molecules between adjacent epithelial cells is/are composed of
A) Gap junction
B) Hemidesmosomes
C) Macula adherens
D) Zonula adherens
E) Tight junctions
Answer: E
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3
Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane?
A) Acting as a receptor for substances external to the cell
B) Binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane
C) Forming a channel through the membrane
D) Increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
E) Initiating the replication of the genetic material
Answer: E
Q2) The mode of exocrine gland secretion in which the secretory product is released in a pinched-off piece of the plasma membrane is
A) Apocrine
B) Eccrine
C) Endocrine
D) Holocrine
E) Merocrine
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The binding of a ligand to a G protein--coupled receptor will result in activation of adenylyl cyclase, which in turn will initiate which of the following pathways?
A) Ca² -calmodulin
B) cAMP
C) cGMP
D) MAP kinase
E) Phospholipase C-Ca²
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to initiate apoptosis?
A) Apaf-1
B) Bcl-2
C) Caspase 3
D) Caspase 9
E) DNA protein kinase
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Formation of new cartilage along the surface of pre-existing cartilage is termed
A) Appositional growth
B) Endochondral growth
C) Interstitial growth
D) Intramembranous growth
E) Isogenous growth
Q2) The type of cartilage found in the external ear is
A) Aurocartilage
B) Elastic cartilage
C) Fibrocartilage
D) Hyaline cartilage
E) Otocartilage
Q3) Osteoporosis can occur when _____ activity exceeds _____ activity.
A) Osteoblast osteoclast
B) Osteoclast osteoblast
C) Osteoclast osteocyte
D) Osteocyte osteoblast
E) Osteocyte osteoclast
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6
Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) Decrease the rate of calcium absorption
B) Decrease the rate of calcium excretion
C) Increase the level of calcium ion in the blood
D) Stimulate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
E) Stimulate osteoclast activity
Q2) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) These chondrocytes are required for lengthening of long bones
E) They contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
Q3) Which of the following is true of intramembranous, rather than endochondral, ossification?
A) A hyaline cartilage model is used
B) Long bones are formed
C) Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts within connective tissue
D) Periosteal buds invade the lacunae left behind by dead chondrocytes
E) Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses
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Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cell type synthesizes and releases antibodies?
A) Basophil
B) B-lymphocyte
C) Eosinophil
D) Monocyte
E) T-lymphocyte
Q2) Which cell type differentiates into macrophages?
A) Basophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Monocyte
E) Neutrophil
Q3) The majority of the formed elements of blood are
A) Eosinophils
B) Erythrocytes
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Thrombocytes
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8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The structure that serves as an attachment for thin filaments and demarcates the boundary between sarcomeres in skeletal muscle is the
A) A band
B) H zone
C) I band
D) M line
E) Z line
Q2) The degree of tension and force in a muscle contraction is monitored by
A) Golgi tendon organs
B) Motor neurons
C) Muscle spindles
D) Nuclear bag fibers
E) Terminal cisternae
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a structural component of a triad?
A) Myofibril
B) Sarcolemma
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) Terminal cisterna
E) Transverse tubule
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following surrounds individual neurons within a nerve?
A) Endoneurium
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Epineurium
D) Myelin
E) Perineurium
Q2) The neuroglial cells responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system are
A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Microglial cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
E) Schwann cells
Q3) Which of the following neuroglial cells is phagocytic?
A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglial cells
E) Satellite cells
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the dark, Na+ channels are ____ and neurotransmitter release is ____. In bright light, on the other hand, the Na+ channels are ____ and neurotransmitter release ____
A) Closed, continuous, open, ceases
B) Closed, continuous, open, increases
C) Open, absent, closed, increases
D) Open, continuous, closed, ceases
E) Open, continuous, closed, increases
Q2) Most of the aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body drains into the
A) Aqueous veins
B) Canal of Schlemm
C) External collecting channel
D) Scleral plexus
E) Trabecular meshwork
Q3) The photoreceptor neurons of the retina synapse on ____
A) Amacrine cells
B) Bipolar cells
C) Ganglion cells
D) Horizontal cells
E) Müller cells
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Chapter 10: Immune Lymphatic System
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8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The humoral immune response is carried out by
A) B lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) T lymphocytes
E) Thrombocytes
Q2) Which of the following belong to the developing rather than the stromal population of cells in the thymus?
A) Dendritic cells
B) Double-negative T cells
C) Hassall's corpuscles
D) Macrophages
E) Thymic cortical epithelial cells
Q3) Helper T cells
A) Activate B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiate into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Help T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognize and kill viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secrete interferon upon contact with a virus
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of the stratum spinosum?
A) It contains immunity-conferring cells called Langerhans cells
B) It is also called the "spiny" layer
C) It is comprised mostly of keratinocytes
D) It is superficial to the stratum granulosum and the stratum germinativum
E) Keratins 5 and 14 are replaced by keratins 1 and 10 following basal keratinocyte migration
Q2) These cells are responsible for producing a pigment that protects underlying tissue from ultraviolet radiation
A) Basal (satellite) cells
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Merkel cells
Q3) Which of the following epidermal layers is closest to the dermis?
A) Stratum corneum
B) Stratum germinativum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum lucidum
E) Stratum spinosum
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Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ capillaries, found in the pancreas, are highly porous and allow high volumes of fluids to pass through them, whereas ____ capillaries, found in the muscles, consist of more tightly joined cells that allow a high degree of selective materials to pass through them.
A) Continuous, fenestrated
B) Fenestrated, continuous
C) Fenestrated, sinusoidal
D) Sinusoidal, continuous
E) Sinusoidal, fenestrated
Q2) The tunica media
A) Contains collagen and elastic fibers
B) Directly surrounds the lumen of the blood vessel
C) Includes the external elastic lamina
D) Is composed of simple squamous epithelia
E) Is not found in venules, arterioles, or capillaries
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14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20406
Sample Questions
Q1) Where are Bowman's glands located?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchioles
C) Nasal vestibule
D) Olfactory region of nasal cavity
E) Posterior nasal cavity
Q2) Non-mucous secreting and non-ciliated dome-shaped cells with microvilli are found in the respiratory tract. These cells are detoxifying and secrete a component of surfactant. They are also capable of differentiation for tissue regeneration. Where are they located?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Bronchioles
D) Laryngopharynx
E) Trachea
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Chapter 14: Urinary System
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following filtration, most water and solutes are reabsorbed in the A) Bowman's capsule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Glomerulus
D) Loop of Henle
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
Q2) The loop of Henle
A) Comprises the macula densa
B) Descends into the renal medulla
C) Is lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium
D) Is the longest section of the renal tubule
E) Is where glomerular filtrate is produced
Q3) Urine enters the minor calyces from the A) Hilum
B) Major calyces
C) Renal columns
D) Renal papillae
E) Renal pelvis
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16
Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What cell type is most likely to be stimulated following G-cell secretion?
A) Chief cells
B) Mucous neck cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Stem cells
E) None - G-cells secrete an inhibitory substance
Q2) The outer surface of the tooth's root is covered by _____.
A) Cementum
B) Dentin
C) Enamel
D) Gingivae
E) Pulp
Q3) Meissner's plexus is located in which layer of the alimentary canal?
A) Epithelium
B) Lamina propria
C) Muscularis externa
D) Muscularis mucosa
E) Submucosa
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17
Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fat-filled pouches in the large intestinal adventitia are called
A) Appendices epiploicae
B) Peyer's patches
C) Plicae circulares
D) Rugae
E) Taeniae coli
Q2) Where are electrolytes actively absorbed, and where is water passively absorbed?
A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Large intestine
E) Stomach
Q3) Which of the following are not mucosal specializations of the small intestine?
A) Peyer's patches
B) Villi
C) Plicae circulares
D) Microvilli
E) Rugae
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18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Portal triads are made up of vessels carrying all of the following EXCEPT
A) Bile away from the liver cells
B) Deoxygenated blood away from the liver cells
C) Deoxygenated blood to the liver cells
D) Nutrient-rich blood to the liver cells
E) Oxygenated blood to the liver cells
Q2) Which of the following does not differentiate the gallbladder from the liver?
A) Microvilli are present on gallbladder epithelial cells
B) The gallbladder epithelium is folded
C) The muscularis mucosae of the gallbladder is thicker than that of the liver
D) There are no mucus-producing cells in the gallbladder
E) Water is reabsorbed from the bile in the gallbladder
Q3) Portal triads of the liver
A) Are found at the corners of the classic lobules
B) Drain bile from the lobules
C) Drain deoxygenated blood from the liver parenchyma
D) Supply deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal system
E) Supply oxygenated blood to the parenchyma of the liver
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Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which endocrine structure does not directly synthesize any hormones but instead stores hormones and secretes them following a nervous signal from the hypothalamus?
A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary
E) Thyroid gland
Q2) The hormone that stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 production in the hepatocytes is secreted by
A) Acidophils
B) Basophils
C) Chromophobe cells
D) Herring bodies
E) Pituicytes
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Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parafollicular cells
A) Are found in the parathyroid glands
B) Are found in the zona glomerulosa
C) Constitute the pars tuberalis
D) Secrete a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
E) Secrete hormones responsible for establishing the basal metabolic rate
Q2) Adequate iodide levels are required for the synthesis of
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
E) Thyroxine
Q3) The trophic hormone that controls the release of T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) is secreted by
A) Acidophilic cells
B) Basophilic cells
C) Chromaffin cells
D) Chromophobic cells
E) Follicular cells
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells are found in the A) Epididymides
B) Prostate
C) Rete testes
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
Q2) Testosterone is secreted by
A) Leydig cells
B) Principal cells
C) Sertoli cells
D) Spermatogenic cells
E) Spermatogonia
Q3) Which of the following are diploid structures?
A) Primary spermatocytes
B) Secondary spermatocytes
C) Sperm
D) Spermatids
E) Spermatozoa
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Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sperm move from the tubuli recti into the
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
Q2) Which duct has a characteristic wavy lumen as a result of different epithelial cell heights?
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Tubuli recti
Q3) Numerous tubuloalveolar glands that secrete a motility-enhancing substance constitute the
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Prostate gland
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
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Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which stage of the endometrial cycle is mitotic activity most intense?
A) Early proliferative period
B) Ischemic period
C) Late proliferative period
D) Midproliferative period
E) Midsecretory period
Q2) The thick fibromuscular layer of the uterus is the A) Cervix
B) Cortex
C) Endometrium
D) Myometrium
E) Tunica albuginea
Q3) The inner layer of the uterus is called the A) Cervix
B) Endometrium
C) Germinal epithelium
D) Mesovarium
E) Myometrium
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What cells are found between the basement membrane and the epithelium of the lactiferous ducts?
A) Columnar cells
B) Cuboidal cells
C) Fat cells
D) Myoepithelial cells
E) Secretory cells
Q2) What structure secretes estrogen and progesterone for approximately 3 months following fertilization?
A) Corpus albicans
B) Corpus luteum
C) Mature follicle
D) Placenta
E) Tunica albuginea
Q3) Which of the following statements about the trophoblast is false?
A) It develops into the embryo proper
B) It helps form the placenta
C) It invades the endometrium during implantation
D) It is the outer layer of cells around the blastula
E) It secretes human chorionic gonadotropiin
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