History of Western Civilization Question
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Course Introduction
History of Western Civilization provides an exploration of the major political, social, cultural, and intellectual developments that have shaped Western societies from ancient times to the present. The course examines key events, individuals, and movements in Europe, including the rise and fall of empires, the spread of religions, revolutions, industrialization, and the emergence of modern nation-states. Students will analyze the evolution of ideas, institutions, and technologies, as well as the interactions between the West and other world civilizations, fostering a deeper understanding of the foundations and transformations of Western culture.
Recommended Textbook
Jansons Basic History of Western Art 9th Edition by Penelope J.E. Davies
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Chapter 1: Prehistoric Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lascaux, Pech-Merle, and Chauvet:
A) are located in modern day France
B) have the human figure as their primary subject
C) contain art for art's sake
D) show only a few distinct animal species
Answer: A
Q2) According to one feminist view, the distorted form of figures like the Woman of Willendorf reflects:
A) a woman's view of her own body as she looks down on it.
B) the Paleolithic interest in population control
C) a cultural prohibition against obesity
D) Paleolithic religious beliefs
Answer: A
Q3) Prehistoric cave paintings were first discovered:
A) in the late 19 century
B) during the Renaissance
C) by a team of archaeological experts
D) in France
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Ancient Near Eastern Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sumerian palaces were called ziggurats.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The stele depicting the Law Code of Hammurabi comes from which culture?
A) Sumerian
B) Assyrian
C) Babylonian
D) Egyptian
Answer: C
Q3) The Tell Asmar figures may have large eyes because:
A) Seeing was a major channel of communication with the gods
B) Their eyes were wide open in terror before the gods
C) They were cult figures of blinded gods
D) Gods were believed never to sleep
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Egyptian Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is Tutankhamun so well known?
A) His is the only tomb found largely unplundered.
B) He was famous for his powerful and lengthy reign.
C) He was famous for the architecture he commissioned.
D) He was famous because of his conquests in battle.
Answer: A
Q2) Tutankhamun carried on the religious devotions of his predecessor Akhenaten.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The great pyramids at Giza were constructed during the Fourth Dynasty.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) What expresses visually the concept of the king as unifier?
A) the Sculpture of Khafra
B) the bas relief of Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt
C) the bas relief of King Narmer
D) the bas relief of Akhenaten and His Family
Answer: C
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Aegean Art
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Q1) What is a frequent subject in Minoan wall paintings?
A) nature
B) war
C) royalty
D) gods
Q2) What refers to where and how objects were found and their subsequent histories?
A) provenance
B) principality
C) procreation
D) provincialism
Q3) The Octopus Vase:
A) shows the Minoan affinity for organic forms and sea life
B) reflects the rigid Minoan canon of geometric proportions
C) demonstrates the Minoan preoccupation with siege warfare
D) reveals the Minoan religious beliefs related to fertility
Q4) Aegean megarons were large rectangular audience halls.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the style of architecture in Minoan Crete including the palace at Knossos.
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Chapter 5: Greek Art
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Q1) Compare Classical Greek sculpture to Hellenistic sculpture. How do they differ?
Q2) Discuss the removal to England of the Parthenon marbles by Lord Elgin. Why did this occur and what implications might it continue to have at the intersection of politics and art?
Q3) Homer was a Greek statesman.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How many major periods in Greek art are there?
A) six
B) three
C) four
D) nine
Q5) The Greek Pediment:
A) often contains sculpture
B) is in the cella
C) was designed by Imhotep
D) is part of an acanthus
Q6) What does Greek temple architecture have in common with Egyptian temples and how does it differ?
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Chapter 6: Etruscan Art
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Q1) The Etruscans were sailors and merchants who traveled throughout the Mediterranean.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe Etruscan tombs. What do the nature of the decorations and objects found within these tombs suggest about Etruscan contact with other cultures?
Q3) Monumental sculpture from the Etruscan civilization was predominantly made of marble.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Where does much of our information about Etruscan art originate?
A) From reading Etruscan texts
B) From examining the many Etruscan homes and temples
C) From reading Sumerian texts about the Etruscans
D) From Roman writings and Etruscan tombs
Q5) How many major periods in Etruscan art are there?
A) a. four
B) b. three
C) c. five
D) d. six
8
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Chapter 7: Roman Art
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Q1) The eruption of Mt. Vesuvius caused considerable damage to the architecture in the Roman forum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which is true of the Colosseum?
A) It was covered with a huge barrel vault.
B) It was covered with a huge dome.
C) It used primarily post-and-lintel construction.
D) It had decorative engaged columns and pilasters on its facade.
Q3) Which of the following civilizations produced realistic portrait sculpture?
A) Hellenistic
B) Roman
C) Byzantine
D) Archaic Greek
Q4) Compare the representation of the individual in Egyptian, Greek, and Roman art. What and who is (and is not) valued in each culture?
Q5) How did the scope of the Roman architectural needs differ from that of the Greeks?
Q6) How did the Greeks and Etruscans influence Roman architecture?
Q7) Discuss different forms of illusion found in Roman murals.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Jewish, Early Christian, and Byzantine Art
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Q1) Which is one of the most impressive Christian structures to have survived from the period of early Christianity?
A) Santa Maria Maggiore
B) Old St. Peter's
C) Dura-Europos Synagogue
D) The Pantheon
Q2) What classical architecture influenced the Early Christian basilica and how did it evolve?
Q3) Explain the iconoclastic controversy. Why were abstract symbols widely used?
Q4) Which is true of the mosaics found in the Hammath Tiberias Synagogue?
A) The style of representation is reminiscent of Roman mosaic work?
B) They depict the power of the emperor over church and state
C) They were vulnerable to deterioration because they ornamented the walls
D) They are executed in a traditional Byzantine style
Q5) Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in order to escape the militarily powerful Western Roman Empire.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Compare basilica-plan with central-plan churches. Cite examples of each.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Islamic Art
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Q1) Islamic art gives us an intriguing look at the process whereby artistic tradition emerges as a combination of existing ideas under the impetus of a new ideology. This phenomenon is known as:
A) Syncretism
B) Appropriation
C) Iconoclasm
D) Revitalization
Q2) Describe the relationships between the principles and the Islamic religion and Islamic art and architecture.
Q3) The call to prayer given five times daily by a muezzin is issued from the:
A) Minaret
B) Mihrab
C) Qibla
D) Minbar
Q4) What are the unifying themes of Islamic art?
A) An interest in the human figure and scenes of lush landscape
B) Images of Mohammad and his family
C) Reverence for the Word and artistic expression independent of the human figure
D) References to other religions and images of Islamic caliph
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Chapter 10: Early Medieval Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where can westwork be found?
A) In the crypt
B) In the scriptorium
C) At the entrance of a church
D) Along the arcade
Q2) What was the chief medium of the Celtic-Germanic animal style?
A) Metalwork
B) Leatherwork
C) Pottery
D) Carved stone
Q3) The Palace chapel at Aachen was directly inspired by the architecture and ornamentation of Old St. Peter's basilica in Rome.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Early Medieval metalwork had intrinsic value because
A) It was often made of precious metal and stones
B) The artists themselves were usually not highly regarded
C) The gold was imported from distant empires
D) The objects were always monumental in scale
Q5) Describe the influences and design of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Romanesque Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the Bayeux Tapestry. What story is being told and from whose point of view?
How does the telling of the story reflect the values of the age?
Q2) Santiago de Compostela was a major pilgrimage site.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Typically, what covers a Romanesque nave?
A) wooden roof
B) concrete dome
C) barrel vault
D) pendentives
Q4) Gislebertus:
A) won the Battle of Hastings
B) did intricate enamels and engravings
C) was a painter
D) was a metal worker
Q5) The function of the Crac des Chevaliers was as a(n):
A) Defensive fortress
B) Religious center
C) Mendicant monastery
D) Royal palace
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Chapter 12: Gothic Art
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Q1) Why are so many Gothic churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary?
Q2) Because of its composition and delicacy, what material was often used for illuminated manuscripts?
A) Gold leaf
B) Copper
C) Graphite
D) Pastel
Q3) What features are characteristic of Gothic architecture? How did aspects of medieval structural engineering contribute to the form and visual qualities of Gothic cathedrals?
Q4) High Gothic buildings are typified by horizontality and dark interiors.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which is NOT a characteristic of Gothic architecture?
A) churches in the city
B) large expanses of colored glass
C) pointed arches
D) low, dark naves
Q6) How is stained glass produced and what visual qualities does it bring to the interior of Gothic structures?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Art in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Italy
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Q1) What kind of church is Santa Croce in Florence?
A) Dominican
B) civic
C) Augustian
D) Franciscan
Q2) The theme of Ambroio Lorenzetti's frescoes in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena is:
A) Christian Redemption
B) Good and Bad Government
C) The stories of the Virgin and Christ
D) Franciscan and Dominican mendicant activities
Q3) Municipal patrons, like the city of Siena, commissioned works of art to proclaim and further their accomplishments.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What influence did the mendicant religious orders exert on the development of art in thirteenth and fourteenth century in Italy?
Q5) What is significant about Giotto's style of painting in terms of style and narrative emphases?
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Chapter 14: Artistic Innovations in Fifteenth-Century
Northern Europe
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Q1) Which medium is primarily used to make multiple copies of an image?
A) printmaking
B) painting
C) sculpture
D) drawing
Q2) Which fifteenth century artist was well known for his engravings?
A) Jan van Eyck
B) Rogier van der Weyden
C) Robert Campin
D) Martin Schongauer
Q3) What are the artistic and social implications of printmaking?
Q4) Michael Pacher's St. Wolfgang Altarpiece remains in its original setting, the pilgrimage church of Saint Wolfgang, Salzkammergut, Austria.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Hugo van der Goes Portinari Altarpiece was produced for a patron and a location in Flanders.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Early Renaissance in Fifteenth-Century Italy
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Q1) Who wrote Treatise on Architecture?
A) Brunelleschi
B) Sangallo
C) Palladio
D) Alberti
Q2) Atmospheric or aerial perspective is a method of showing depth through the use of color.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The first time accurate mathematically based one-point linear perspective was used in a painting was:
A) The Holy Trinity by Masaccio
B) The Delivery of the Keys by Perugino
C) The Last Supper by Leonardo
D) S. Lorenzo by Brunelleschi
Q4) Who wins the commission to sculpt the so-called Gates of Paradise?
A) Ghiberti
B) Brunelleschi
C) Donatello
D) Michelangelo
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The High Renaissance in Italy, 1495-1520
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Q1) The nine main scenes of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling represent scenes from which Biblical book?
A) Genesis
B) Revelations
C) Exodus
D) Deuteronomy
Q2) Discuss Leonardo's Vitruvian Man, Bramante's Tempietto, and Michelangelo's Pietà as three works of the Italian High Renaissance. What underlying artistic characteristics and principles of the age do these three works have in common?
Q3) Most of the great achievements that made Rome the center of Italian art during the first quarter of the sixteenth century were influenced by what events and which important patron of the arts?
Q4) Titian painted his famous image of a reclining figure of Venus for which patron?
A) Duke Cosimo de' Medici
B) Pope Paul III
C) Lorenzo de' Medici
D) Duke Guidobaldo II della Rovere of Urbino
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Chapter 17: The Late Renaissance and Mannerism in
Sixteenth-Century Italy
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Q1) Sofonisba Anguissola, a female artist of the sixteenth century, came from what Italian town?
A) Florence
B) Venice
C) Rome
D) Cremona
Q2) The Venetian artist Tintoretto reportedly wanted "to paint like Titian and to design like Michelangelo."
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who was the founder of the Jesuit order?
A) Ignatius Loyola
B) Pope Clement VII
C) Luther
D) Palladio
Q4) Examine Palladio's Villa Rotonda. What aspects of this building are classically inspired and how does the building communicate a relationship between human stature and the surrounding landscape?
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Q5) What events are believed to have contributed to the end to the High Renaissance?
Chapter 18: Renaissance and Reformation Throughout
Sixteenth-Century Europe
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Q1) The Reformation changed the art of Central Europe by encouraging the destruction of religious art and reducing commissions for religious subjects.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What impact did the Reformation have on the arts in Germany? Include in your discussion some commentary on Martin Luther's art-related objections to the present state of the Church.
Q3) Discuss the genre quality of Pieter Bruegel the elder's The Return of the Hunters. In your answer, place your discussion of Brueghel's art in relation to other words of northern art from the medieval period through the Renaissance that show similar interest in genre characteristics.
Q4) Discuss the combination of Italian figural forms and northern symbolism in Dürer's Adam and Eve. Given what we know of Dürer's biography, how do we account for this combination of southern and northern characteristics in this work?
Q5) Examining El Greco's The Burial of Count Orgaz, discuss the various Greek, Italian, and Spanish elements of this painting.
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Chapter 19: The Baroque in Italy and Spain
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Q1) Discuss the colonnade by Gianlorenzo Bernini at St. Peter's. How is this work representative of the objectives of the Catholic Counter Reformation?
Q2) Examine Artemisia Gentileschi's Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes. How is this painting a work in the tradition of Caravaggio in terms of style, subject matter, and expression?
Q3) Trompe l'oeil is a French expression for tenebrism, the effects of light and shadow in Caravaggio's paintings.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Zurbarán and Murillo were very active as painters of religious subjects in seventeenth-century Spain.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Counter Reformation was a movement that began the in the seventeenth century and was inspired by the religious art of Caravaggio.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: The Baroque in the Netherlands
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Q1) Which Flemish artist had an elite international clientele?
A) Hals
B) Heda
C) Ruisdael
D) Rubens
Q2) Rachel Ruysch established a career as an important
A) Still life painter
B) Portraitist
C) Landscape artist
D) Genre painter
Q3) Which would be concerned with a theme of Vanitas?
A) genre
B) landscape
C) portraiture
D) still life
Q4) Which Baroque artist is well known for producing many etchings?
A) Caravaggio
B) Rembrandt
C) Vermeer
D) Rubens
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Chapter 21: The Baroque in France and England
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Q1) Louis XIV embarked on what building project just 11 miles outside of Paris that was to become the largest palace in the western world?
A) St. Denis
B) Louvre
C) Versailles
D) Notre-Dame
Q2) The Grand Manner was a concept introduced into French painting by Poussin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ideal landscape represents a particular locale in a specific though beautiful manner.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The dramatic lighting typical of La Tour was influenced by:
A) Caravaggio
B) Le Vau
C) Perrault
D) Mansart
Q5) What was the function of the Royal Academy and how did it exert an impact on French artists?
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Chapter 22: The Rococo
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Q1) Discuss the principal characteristics of Rococo art and architecture and reference a work of painting, sculpture, and architecture where those characteristics are in evidence.
Q2) What social functions did Pineau's Varengeville Room and Neumann's Kaisersaal serve and how were those functions furthered in expression by the architectural and ornamental styles that these designers/architects chose?
Q3) Who made his mark with a new kind of genre painting that he described as "modern moral subjects similar to representations on the stage"?
A) Hogarth
B) Boucher
C) Fragonard
D) Chardin
Q4) Describe the nature of William Hogarth's art and how it formed a type of visual satire in eighteenth-century England.
Q5) What information about eighteenth-century Venice is communicated by Canaletto's The Bucintoro at the Molo? How much of this information is likely to be actual and how much contrived, and for what purposes?
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Chapter 23: Art in the Age of the Enlightenment, 1750-1789
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Q1) Who was the most important history painter in England in the late 1700s and early 1800s?
A) Kauffmann
B) Copley
C) Adam
D) West
Q2) Who promoted the art and culture of ancient Greece as a foundation for Neoclassical culture?
A) Winckelmann
B) Greuze
C) Watteau
D) Palladio
Q3) Which architect had a strong influence on Neoclassical architecture?
A) Vigée-Lebrun
B) Greuze
C) Fischer von Erlach
D) Palladio
Q4) The Age of the Enlightenment was exclusively a European phenomenon.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: Art in the Age of the Romanticism, 1789-1848
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Q1) Françoise Rude's The Departure of the Volunteers of 1792 ("La Marseillaise") on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris captures the spirit of nationalism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Goya's The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters
A) Reveals the artist's reactions to the period's crises
B) Was painted in dark, ominous colors
C) Earned Goya a sizable fortune
D) Is unrelated to the artist's other work at the time
Q3) How did Napoleon use Neoclassicism to promote his imperial aims?
Q4) Which artist, who used lively, colorful, fluid brushwork, looked to literature for exotic subject matter to excite the imagination?
A) Walpole
B) Delacroix
C) Gardner
D) Constable
Q5) What incident did Géricault's The Raft of the "Medusa" illustrate? Discuss the work as an example of political commentary.
Q6) Which aspects of Ingres' work are Neoclassic and which are Romantic?
Page 26
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Chapter 25: The Age of Positivism
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Q1) What was innovative about the construction techniques and materials of the Crystal Palace and the Eiffel Tower? How do these structures both continue and challenge traditions in architectural history?
Q2) The term often used to describe the new mentality of pragmatism and materialism that emerged in the 1840s is:
A) Positivism
B) Modernism
C) Industrialization
D) Idealism
Q3) Nadar made a photographic portrait of which famous impressionist?
A) Monet
B) Cassatt
C) Rossetti
D) Courbet
Q4) What was revolutionary about Courbet's subject matter?
A) Voluptuous nudes were considered offensive
B) Women and children were not an accepted category of the French Academy
C) Working-class life was proudly painted on an epic scale
D) The same subject was painted repeatedly
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Chapter 26: Progress and Its Discontents:
Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, and Art Nouveau, 1880-1905
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Q1) Artists who sought to make photographs look like fine art, such as prints or drawings, worked in what style?
A) Pictorialist
B) Lithographic
C) documentary
D) snapshot
Q2) Theosophists believed that all religions were essential distinct and sought in their own separate ways to reveal the mystical connectedness of all things.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is distinctive about Gaudí's work?
A) Walls of glass derived from the Crystal Palace
B) An internal steel skeleton
C) Vaulted arches on a colossal scale
D) Avoidance of all flat surfaces, straight lines, or symmetry of any kind
Q4) Discuss Edward Steichen's Rodin with His Sculptures "Victor Hugo" and "The Thinker."
What does Steichen seek to communicate about Rodin and his work in this photograph?
Page 28
Q5) Discuss the influence of Japanese prints on late nineteenth century Western art.
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Chapter 27: Toward Abstraction: the Modernist Revolution,
1905-1914
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Q1) The two forms of Cubism are called Analytic and:
A) Synthetic
B) Expressionistic
C) Futurist
D) Artificial
Q2) Two groups of German Expressionist artists were Die Brücke and:
A) Der Blaue Reiter
B) Die Rote Blume
C) Das Grüne Blatt
D) Die Gelbe Sonne
Q3) Who produced nonobjective geometric paintings?
A) Matisse
B) Malevich
C) Kokoschka
D) De Chirico
Q4) Bruno Taut's Glass Pavilion reflects the architect's:
A) Belief in the mystical properties of crystal
B) Support of iron frame construction
C) Interest in nature
D) Participation in the Prairie Architecture movement
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Chapter 28: Art Between the Wars
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Q1) Who owned and ran "291"?
A) Man Ray
B) Adams
C) Weston
D) Stieglitz
Q2) The unconscious was the primary subject matter and concern for:
A) Cubism
B) The Fauves
C) Surrealism
D) Abstract Expressionism
Q3) Who experimented with mobiles as a form of art?
A) Man Ray
B) Hepworth
C) Duchamp
D) Calder
Q4) How did the New Deal have an impact on documentary photography?
Q5) There was a clear separation between abstract art and radical politics in the revolutionary society that developed in Russia.
A)True
B)False
Page 30
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Chapter 29: Postwar to Postmodern, 1945-1980
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21920
Sample Questions
Q1) Which Pop artist satirized middle-class values?
A) Lange
B) Lichtenstein
C) Kelly
D) Stella
Q2) How does Judy Chicago's Dinner Party function as a work of feminist art?
Q3) Romare Bearden, an African-American artist, made collages about his identity and became an active member of the Haarlem Renaissance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What was innovative about Rauschenberg's assemblages? How do they relate to the painting of the same period?
Q5) Which Abstract Expressionist painting worked in the color field manner?
A) Mark Rothko
B) Jackson Pollock
C) Robert Rauschenberg
D) Allan Kaprow
Q6) What are the environmental, ontological, and political issues associated with Robert Smith's earthwork masterpiece, Spiral Jetty?
Page 31
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Chapter 30: The Postmodern Era: Art Since 1980
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21921
Sample Questions
Q1) Michael Graves' Public Service Building in Portland appropriates motifs from which of the following styles?
A) Renaissance
B) Baroque
C) Byzantine
D) Greek
Q2) The architect who in a book called for a new style that rejected the cold, abstract Modernist International Style and was referential was:
A) Robert Venturi
B) Maya Lin
C) Michael Graves
D) Richard Rogers
Q3) Postmodern artists generally avoid conceptual questions in their work.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Postmodern art has continued the dominance of New York in the art world.
A)True
B)False
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