History of Western Civilization Question
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Course Introduction
History of Western Civilization provides a comprehensive exploration of the major social, political, economic, and cultural developments that have shaped the Western world from ancient times to the modern era. The course traces the rise and fall of influential civilizations such as Greece and Rome, examines the transformation of Europe during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and analyzes the impact of events such as the Reformation, Enlightenment, Industrial Revolution, and the world wars. Through a combination of primary sources, historical narratives, and critical analysis, students gain a deeper understanding of the ideas, movements, and people that have defined Western society and continue to influence contemporary global interactions.
Recommended Textbook
The Western Heritage Combined Volume 11th Edition by Donald M. Kagan
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Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization
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Q1) Royal Egyptian women,particularly during the Eighteenth Dynasty,________.
A)wielded considerable influence
B)were never depicted in Egyptian art
C)were drawn larger than their husbands and sons in art works
D)wielded little to no influence
Answer: A
Q2) The Persians learned and borrowed from those they encountered and conquered,especially from ________.
A)Greece and Rome
B)Mesopotamia and Egypt
C)Syria
D)Mesopotamia and the Israelites
Answer: B
Q3) The last few years before Assyria was destroyed are obscure,but the country was,apparently,divided by ________.
A)poverty
B)civil war
C)religious strife
D)racial disharmony
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization
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Q1) Of the hundreds of Greek states in 480B.C.E,only ________ were willing to fight the Persians.
A)ten
B)thirty-one
C)seventy-six
D)one hundred and eleven
Answer: B
Q2) In the seventh century b.c.e. ,Athens was a typical ________ polis.
Answer: aristocratic
Q3) A tyrant was a ________ who gained power in an unorthodox way.
A)colonist
B)pirate
C)fisherman
D)monarch
Answer: D
Q4) Archons served for only a year and were checked by their colleagues,as they looked forward to a lifetime as a member of the ________,the true master of the Athens state.
Answer: Areopagus
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plato believed that the way to harmony was to destroy the causes of strife.Which of the following would he consider to be a cause of strife?
A)one's family and property
B)the polis
C)leisure activities
D)politics
Answer: A
Q2) Unlike earlier times,when independent men owned and worked relatively small and equal lots of the polis,the ________ were reduced to subordinate,dependent peasant status.
A)urban Greeks
B)Macedonians
C)statesmen
D)Hellenistic farmers
Answer: D
Q3) When the great Theban general ________ was killed at the Battle of Mantinea,Theban dominance died with him.
Answer: Epaminondas
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Chapter 4: Rome: From Republic to Empire
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Q1) Tiberius Gracchus ran for reelection but ________.
A)was disqualified because his petition was submitted too late
B)he won without a single vote from the assembly
C)he lost
D)was killed in a riot during the election
Q2) ________ from Babylon influenced Roman civilization,despite the Senate's attempt to expel the practice in 139 b.c.e.
A)Astrolabes
B)Astrology
C)Astronauts
D)Astronomy
Q3) Leaders who appealed to the general populace were known as populares;those who supported the traditional role of the Senate were known as ________.
Q4) Rome borrowed mythology,aspects of religion,philosophy,and literature from the ________;educated Romans were expected to be bilingual.
Q5) No one considers themselves a villain of their own history.How would Julius Caesar tell his story? How would the conspirators who assassinated him explain their side of the story?
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Chapter 5: The Roman Empire
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Q1) Looking at Map 5-6,Map Exploration,we can see the spread of Christianity from 200 to 600 c.e.Why did Christianity first take root in urban areas? What would have been the consequence of Christianity spreading more rapidly before developing an orthodox tradition?
Q2) Hadrian's wall represented a solidified,rigid defensive perimeter.Once a border demarcation was established,however,________.
A)negotiations were irrelevant
B)it required passport control stations
C)initiative passed to the barbarians
D)Romans lost the will to conquer
Q3) The Roman Empire after Marcus Aurelius was seen by Dio Cassius as a decline from "a kingdom of gold into one of iron and rust." Do you agree with Cassius's metaphor? What were the major difficulties following the last of the "good emperors"? Were the problems caused by internal or external forces?
Q4) Augustus introduced laws intended to proscribe moral behavior.What sort of behavior was codified,and who do you think would have suffered the most prosecution from these laws?
Q5) Diocletian divided the empire into four parts,led by a quartet known as the ________.
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Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages:
Creating a New European Society and Culture 4761000
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Q1) Charlemagne created a center of learning in ________,where pure scholarship was taught alongside administrative skills for royal bureaucrats.
A)Aachen
B)Paris
C)Arles
D)Rome
Q2) Pope Leo III's coronation of Charlemagne and the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire did not simply benefit the new emperor.Leo hoped ________.
A)that the new empire would destroy Constantinople
B)Charlemagne would create the office of pontifex maximus for him
C)to gain leverage over the king and enhance the church's stature
D)to be the next emperor
Q3) For centuries,the major texts on medicine in the Western world were compilations of work by ________ scholars.
Q4) ________ is defined as the opposition to the use of images in Christian worship.
Q5) Charlemagne established ________ as a center for learning and scholarship;Alcuin of York led the palace school.
Page 8
Q6) What were the main contributions of the Franks to Western civilization?
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Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: the Rise of European Empires
and States (1000-1300)
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Q1) Which of the following movements stressed biblical simplicity in religion and a life of poverty in imitation of Christ?
A)Waldensians
B)Seljuk Turks
C)Beghards
D)Ottonians
Q2) Who proved to be the greatest obstacle to Frederick I's plans to revive his empire?
A)German duchies
B)Capetian kings
C)Italian popes
D)English monarchs
Q3) Why did national feeling grow in France during the reign of Louis IX?
A)It derived from the constant wars with England.
B)It was a consequence of papal support.
C)It followed increased taxation.
D)It arose from loyalty to a king perceived as just.
Q4) ________ were the least secularized and most spiritual of the church's clergy.
Q5) The English ________ limited autocratic behavior and secured the rights of the privileged against the monarchy.
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Chapter 8: Medieval Society: Hierarchies, towns, universities,
and Families (1000-1300)
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Q1) Which of the following contributed to Christian envy,suspicion,and distrust toward the Jews?
A)the separateness of the Jews
B)lack of Jewish economic power
C)rich Christian cultural strength
D)the church's laws forbidding Jews from hiring Christians
Q2) The age of seven was important in medieval views of children because at that age children ________.
A)became fully responsible for all their sins
B)left the home to pursue apprenticeships
C)entered the fourth stage of life
D)could reason and begin to learn vocational skills
Q3) Compare the functions and status of the nobility and clergy in medieval society.Were the two comparable?
Q4) In the later Middle Ages,as compared to the earlier period,serfs were more likely to ________.
A)pay to use their lord's mill
B)make monetary payments to their lord
C)be part of an extended family
D)become less free
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Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown
(1300-1453)
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Q1) What were the causes of the Hundred Years' War? Could any of these factors have been avoided or was war inevitable? Explain.
Q2) The Hundred Years' War took place primarily in _______.
A)France
B)Britain
C)Germany
D)Italy
Q3) In March 1429,_____________ presented herself to Charles VII,declaring that the King of Heaven had called her to deliver besieged Orleans from the English.
Q4) What challenges did the late medieval church face? How did the Avignon papacy and the Great Schism affect the place of the church in European culture and society?
Q5) In 1296,the papal bull titled ___________ prohibited taxation of the clergy by secular rulers without papal approval.
Q6) The broadest social division in eleventh-century Russia was between ________.
A)freemen and slaves
B)clergy and principality
C)peasants and townspeople
D)army officers and freemen
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery
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Q1) Ludovico of Milan's fatal mistake was that he ________.
A)sold the city of Milan to the French without proper authority
B)appealed to the French for help
C)claimed Naples for himself,as king,and disregarded French dynastic claims to rule
D)disregarded the threat posed by Milan and denied French aid or assistance
Q2) During an assembly in Worms in 1495,Emperor Maximilian allowed the members to create ________.
A)a permanent representative body
B)the Golden Bull agreement
C)a seven-member electoral college
D)a Supreme Court of Justice
Q3) In 1500,the title "duke of Romagna" was given to ________.
A)French King Charles VIII
B)Ferdinand of Aragon
C)French King Louis XII
D)Cesare Borgia
Q4) The ________ is a device,often harsh,that required adult male Indians to devote a certain number of days of labor annually to Spanish economic enterprises.
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Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation
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Q1) One of the most important problems in the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon was that _________
A)the couple had different religious views
B)the couple lived in different countries
C)Catherine had been raised in Spain
D)Henry VIII needed a male heir
Q2) In what ways did the Reformation take "steps toward the emancipation of women"? What were the reformers' views of marriage and on the education of women? Do you think the Reformation improved the lives of sixteenth-century women? Explain.
Q3) Freedom of a Christian,written by Martin Luther,summarized the new teaching of salvation ________.
A)through pious actions
B)by faith alone
C)through prayer
D)as the unattainable goal
Q4) In the 1530s,German Lutherans formed regional __________,judicial bodies composed of theologians and lawyers,that oversaw and administered the new Protestant churches and replaced the old Catholic episcopates.
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Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars
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Q1) The most successful politique was ________.
A)Oliver Cromwell
B)Philip II of Spain
C)Elizabeth I of England
D)Mary I of England
Q2) Passed by Queen Elizabeth I,which of the following was a revision of Thomas Cranmer's works that made moderate Protestantism the official religion within the Church of England?
A)Act of Uniformity
B)Thirty-Nine Articles
C)Treaty of Joinville
D)Union of Utrecht
Q3) Following the weakening of Spain,which nation dominated Europe in the early seventeenth century?
A)France
B)England
C)Germany
D)Italy
Q4) Catherine de Médicis aligned herself with the ________ family for political advantage.
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Chapter 13: European State Consolidation in the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries
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Q1) Peter the Great attempted to emulate which political model?
A)French absolutism
B)English representative government
C)Poland's Sejm
D)the Dutch Republic
Q2) The palace at ________ is a perfect example of how Louis XIV used the physical setting of his court to exert political control.
Q3) Changes in military structure and technologies ________.
A)favored absolute monarchies
B)weakened monarchies across Europe
C)cut the costs of war
D)made finance a key element in political maneuvering
Q4) Peter the Great's creation of the procurator general illustrates his attempt to
A)bring the church under secular control
B)introduce Protestantism to Russia
C)weaken the streltsy
D)turn Russia to the West
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Q5) The Hohenzollern capital was at ________.
Q6) When James II became king,he immediately demanded the repeal of the
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Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
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Q1) Brahe's assistant was ________.
A)Francis Bacon
B)Rene Descartes
C)Johannes Kepler
D)John Locke
Q2) The witch hunts ended because,among other things,________.
A)they threatened the social order
B)Protestants were more preoccupied with the devil
C)the power of words seemed greater after Gutenberg
D)no judges were left
Q3) Maria Winkelmann made her contributions in the field of ________.
A)natural history
B)medicine
C)astronomy
D)biology
Q4) ___________ popularized the Copernican system,but also articulated the concept of a universe subject to mathematical laws.
Q5) Traditional beliefs and superstitions remained solidly in place in the culture and led to the eruption of panics and ________ in almost every Western land.
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Chapter 15: Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century
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Q1) In eighteenth-century Europe,the nobility consisted of approximately ________ percent of the population.
A)1 to 5
B)5 to 10
C)10 to 15
D)15 to 20
Q2) The change that rationalized the use of land and created higher productivity was the ________.
A)enclosure laws
B)peasant rebellions
C)bread riots
D)Agricultural Revolution
Q3) Describe the hierarchy and privilege in the Old Regime.Why did both peasants and aristocrats seek the maintenance of traditional society? Compare and contrast what each social group had to gain or lose if the Old Regime system were eliminated.
Q4) Upon marrying,a woman was expected to contribute to the household's capital in the form of a ________.
Q5) Jewish districts in European cities were called ________.
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Q6) Nearly all French peasants were subject to certain feudal dues called ________.
Chapter 16: The Transatlantic Economy, trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion
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Q1) The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle brought the official end to ________.
Q2) What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?
A)Britain received all of Canada,the Ohio River valley,and the eastern half of the Mississippi River valley.
B)The American colonies were granted independence from Britain.
C)The continental conflict of the Seven Years' War ended with no significant changes in prewar borders.
D)Spain received all of South America as well as areas in North America,including Florida,Mexico,California,and the Southwest.
Q3) The war over the Austrian succession and the British-Spanish commercial conflict might have remained separate disputes;what united them was ________.
A)the role of France
B)the immediate British conquest of the French colonies
C)the slow-moving Prussian threat to the Low Countries
D)the lasting Prussian threat to France
Q4) Describe the human impact of the transatlantic slave trade.Be sure to consider the number of people enslaved and killed,the treatment accorded slaves,and the impact of the trade on the societies of West Africa.
Page 19
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Chapter 17: The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought
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Q1) The issue most relevant to physiocrats was ________.
A)legal reform
B)women's social status
C)legislative reform
D)property rights
Q2) Refer to the excerpt "Encountering the Past: Coffeehouses and Enlightenment." How did coffeehouses help spread the ideas of the Enlightenment? Were such places of informal exchange typical or atypical in the Enlightenment?
Q3) The philosophe who popularized the thought of Isaac Newton was ________.
A)Voltaire in his work Letters on the English
B)Locke in his work An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
C)Rousseau in his work The Social Contract
D)Voltaire in his work Elements of the Philosophy of Newton
Q4) As part of her territorial aspirations,Catherine the Great painlessly annexed the newly independent state of ________ in 1783.
A)Estonia
B)Crimea
C)Livonia
D)Romania
Page 20
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Chapter 18: The French Revolution
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Q1) Which of these events occurred as a result of the Thermidorian Reaction?
A)the Reign of Terror
B)the execution of the royal family
C)the Great Fear
D)the white terror
Q2) Consider the events of the Reign of Terror.In a brief essay,explain the causes that led to the revolutionary tribunals and the events that led to their demise.Discuss the reasons that the terror led to the government sanction of thousands of executions.
Q3) The French Revolution has often been considered a victory of the ________.
A)peasantry
B)clergy
C)nobility
D)bourgeoisie
Q4) On June 1,1789,the Third Estate invited the clergy and the nobles to join them in organizing a new legislative body,which was later named the ________.
Q5) As part of a policy of de-Christianization,the Convention,in November of 1793,decreed the Cathedral of ________ a "Temple of Reason."
Q6) The tempering of the revolution was known as the ________ Reaction.
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Chapter 19: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism
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Q1) ___________ of Russia wanted all of Poland under his control.
Q2) Immanuel Kant argued that human perception is as much a product of the mind's activity as of ________.
A)sensory perception
B)human mortality
C)the influence of a free society
D)the existence of God
Q3) The Treaty of Chaumont restored this group to the French throne: the ________.
A)Toulonese
B)Directorates
C)Lunevillians
D)Bourbons
Q4) The Quadruple Alliance was an agreement between ________.
A)Britain,Austria,Russia,and Prussia
B)France,Austria,Russia and Prussia
C)the Netherlands,Prussia,Italy,and Sardinia
D)France,Belgium,Britain,and Spain
Q5) What political advantage did Napoleon gain by making peace with Pope Pius VII?
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Q6) The imaginations of the Romantics were fired by the medieval ___________ against Islam.
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Chapter 20: The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815-1832)
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Q1) Louis XVIII agreed to become a(n)________.
A)parliamentary monarch
B)socialist monarch
C)constitutional monarch
D)absolute monarch
Q2) On August 25,1830,disturbances broke out in ________ after the performance of an opera about a rebellion in Naples against Spanish rule.
Q3) What was the relationship between Russia and Serbia after the mid-1820s?
A)Serbia was colonized by RussiA.
B)Serbia was overtaken by political forces in Russia.
C)Russia became the protector of Serbia.
D)Serbia revolted against Russian control.
Q4) Britain saw a(n)________ opportunity in the weakness of Spain after the Spanish Revolution.
A)economic
B)religious
C)military
D)cultural
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Q5) Political liberals found inspiration in the 1789 French Declaration of the ________.
Chapter 21: Economic Advance and Social Unrest
(1830-1850)
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Q1) Workers who held jobs but made little more than subsistence wages were called
Q2) The wage economy led to higher birthrates,most likely because children were considered a(n)_____.
Q3) Liberal reformers hoped that legal revolutions in land ownership would result in
A)a more equitable distribution of agricultural goods
B)peasants becoming more industrious and progressive farmers
C)a socialistic state
D)increased tax revenues for the state
Q4) In the domestic system of textile production,hand spinning was performed by
A)women
B)men
C)both men and women
D)unskilled workers
Q5) Legislation that established the London police force was sponsored by _____.
Q7) The practice of sending prisoners overseas was called _____. Page 25
Q6) By the mid-nineteenth century,the nation with the most extensive rail network was
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Chapter 22: The Age of Nation-States
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Q1) Which of these ruled the French Second Empire?
A)Napoleon III
B)Napoleon Bonaparte
C)Louis XVIII
D)Adolphe Thiers
Q2) Russian peasants responded to young revolutionaries who tried to win their support for social reforms based on the communal life of peasants by ________.
A)embracing their cause and joining the revolution
B)accepting their ideas but expressing skepticism for their methods
C)engaging in violent conflicts with the revolutionaries
D)turning the revolutionaries over to the police
Q3) One of the flaws of Russia's new legal system,which was modeled after Western legal principles,was that ________.
A)it did not allow for trial by jury
B)it did not consider all accused parties equal before the law
C)the tsar could overrule the judge's sentence
D)the tsar could elect to hear a trial
Q4) How and why did the issue of Irish home rule prove to be such a difficult political problem for Great Britain's liberal state?
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Chapter 25: The Age of Western Imperialism
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Q1) An arrangement in which a Western nation received special commercial and legal privileges in a non-Western region,city,or territory without direct political involvement is known as a ________.
Q2) Power vacuums created by the decay of the ________ led to many of the territorial acquisitions associated with the New Imperialism.
Q3) The single most important weapon in colonial warfare by 1900 was ________.
A)the machine gun
B)the tank
C)the bayonet
D)European diseases
Q4) By 1914,which of the following was true?
A)British colonization touched North,South,East,and West AfricA.
B)The Portuguese dominated Madagascar.
C)American colonization was dominant in southern Africa.
D)No foreign powers had direct access to the Nile River.
Q5) The single greatest obstacle to European penetration of inland sub-Saharan Africa was ________.
Q6) Japan became a major imperial power in Asia in 1895 after defeating ________.
Q7) U.S.support for Cuba's revolt led to the ________.
Page 30
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Chapter 26: Alliances, War, and a Troubled Peace
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Q1) The two countries that became administrators of mandates carved out of the former Ottoman Empire were ________.
Q2) World War I ________.
A)did little to eliminate colonialism
B)brought about the rapid elimination of colonialism
C)led the United States to seek new colonies
D)led to a prohibition on the creation of new colonies by European nations
Q3) The British introduced the use of ________ in World War I.
A)poison gas
B)the tank
C)trench warfare
D)submarine warfare
Q4) World War I had what impact on colonization?
A)It led directly to decolonization.
B)It completed the process of decolonization.
C)It initiated new attitudes that would eventually bring about decolonization.
D)It confirmed ties between colonies and colonizers.
Q5) The collapse of Russia and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk were the zenith of ________ success.
Q6) Woodrow Wilson called America's war aims the ________.
Page 31
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Chapter 28: World War Ii
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Q1) The Anschluss was carried out by Germany because ________.
A)the people of Poland were going to hold a plebiscite to decide whether to unite with Germany
B)Hitler hoped to unite all ethnic Germans
C)the people of Czechoslovakia were going to hold a plebiscite to decide whether to unite with Germany
D)it had no other choice
Q2) How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the start of World War II? Why was Hitler allowed to break the treaty?
Q3) How did the Spanish Civil War affect world politics?
A)It brought Germany and Italy closer together.
B)It ended the policy of appeasement.
C)It brought France and Spain closer together.
D)It resulted in an international ban on the sale of weapons to fascist regimes.
Q4) The League of Nations demonstrated weakness in its response to Japan's occupation of ________.
Q5) The Japanese launched an air attack on the United States on December 7,1941 at the U.S.naval base of ________.
Q6) The Big Three for most of the war were _________.
Page 33
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Q1) Following the breakup of the Soviet Union,the Commonwealth of Independent States formed to loosely join how many of the resulting republics?
A)6
B)11
C)17
D)3
Q2) Under President Putin,Russians had ________ political freedom and ________ prosperity.
Q3) During the Cuban missile crisis of 1962,what evidence was used by the United States to convince the world of the threat posed by Cuba?
A)photographs of missile equipment
B)an audio recording that discussed Cuba's plans
C)munitions equipment that the United States confiscated from a boat near the coast of Florida
D)written documents intercepted by U.S.intelligence forces
Q4) The founding of ________ resulted from the British withdrawal from India in 1947.
Q5) Do you think the Cold War could have been avoided? Why or why not?
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Q6) The term "war on terrorism" was coined by ________.
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Chapter 30: Social, cultural, and Economic Challenges in the West Through the Present
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26432
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be an example of socialist realism?
A)a photo documentary of writers
B)a poster depicting factory workers
C)a collage of headlines about socialism
D)a painting of university professors
Q2) During the late 1920s and the 1930s,________ became a substitute religion for some Europeans.
Q3) Until the ________,Western Europe had large,organized communist parties,as well as groups of intellectuals sympathetic to communism.
Q4) It seems certain that no single American technological achievement of the twentieth century will so influence Western life on both sides of the Atlantic,as well as throughout the rest of the world,as the ________.
A)automobile
B)airplane
C)computer
D)nuclear reactor
Q5) The 1986 disaster at the ________ nuclear reactor in the Soviet Union heightened concern about environmental issues and raised questions that no European government could ignore.
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