History of Western Civilization II Test Bank
Course Introduction
History of Western Civilization II explores the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments in Europe and the Western world from the late seventeenth century through the present day. The course examines significant events such as the Enlightenment, the French and Industrial Revolutions, the rise of nationalism and imperialism, the World Wars, the Cold War, and contemporary global challenges. Through the study of influential figures, ideas, and movements, students gain a deeper understanding of how Western societies have shaped and been shaped by broader global interactions and transformations.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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18 Chapters
2211 Verified Questions
2211 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) The author of Utopia, a satire on European government and society, was
A) Giovanni Boccaccio.
B) Desiderius Erasmus.
C) Thomas a Kepmis.
D) William Shakespeare.
E) Thomas More.
Answer: E
Q2) Though Luther was condemned at the Diet of Worms, he survived because he was protected by
A) the Emperor Charles V.
B) a seven-foot Viking bodyguard.
C) his abiding faith in Christ.
D) Ulrich Zwingli.
E) the Elector of Saxony.
Answer: E
Q3) In 1528, the Ottoman Turks, under Suleiman the Magnificent, captured and sacked the city of Vienna.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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1500-1800
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Sample Questions
Q1) The African slave trade
A) had little impact upon the number of wars in Africa.
B) reduced the number of wars in Africa because all the African states united against the European slavers.
C) increased the number of wars in Africa because of the increasing demand for prisoners who could be sold as slaves.
D) died out with the discovery of the South Asian Spice Islands.
E) was carried out peacefully as wars or violence would reduce the number of slaves and thus profits.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following was not a result of European expansion and exploration?
A) the influx of tremendous amounts of precious metals into Europe
B) the introduction of new foods into Europe
C) the establishing of the Catholic faith in many areas of the New World
D) the introduction of smallpox into Europe
E) the possible introduction of maize into Africa.
Answer: D
Q3) Ptolemy's Geography
Answer: not answered
Page 4
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mannerism and El Greco
Answer: Mannerism was an art movement that emerged in the late Renaissance period, characterized by a focus on exaggerated and elongated forms, unusual compositions, and a sense of artificiality. It was a reaction against the harmonious and balanced compositions of the High Renaissance, and sought to create a more emotional and expressive style.
One of the most famous artists associated with Mannerism is El Greco, whose real name was Domenikos Theotokopoulos. El Greco was a Greek painter who settled in Spain and became known for his unique style that combined elements of Mannerism with his own personal vision. His paintings often featured elongated figures, dramatic lighting, and vibrant colors, creating a sense of otherworldly and spiritual atmosphere.
El Greco's most famous works include "The Burial of the Count of Orgaz" and "The Assumption of the Virgin", which showcase his distinctive style and his ability to convey intense emotion and spirituality through his art. His work had a significant influence on later artists, and he is considered one of the key figures of the Mannerist movement.
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Chapter
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Benedict Spinoza believed that women
A) were equal to men.
B) were little more than animals without a soul.
C) were "naturally" inferior to men.
D) could stand on their own, but society functioned far better when men alone ruled.
E) were superior to men in their intellects but not in their emotions.
Q2) Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems
Q3) geocentric universe
Q4) Organized religions in the seventeenth century
A) conceded the accomplishments of science and separated theology from science proper.
B) rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world.
C) contributed greatly to scientific research.
D) largely ignored science as merely a "toy for the minds of God's children."
E) rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept the findings of modern science.
Q5) On the Fabric of the Human Body
Q6) French Royal Academy of Sciences
Q7) Aristotle
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) In her Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that since women had been unfairly subjected to males for so many millennia, women should temporarily be given special legal rights and privileges in excess of those of males in compensation of their long servitude.
A)True
B)False
Q2) American Philosophical Society
Q3) For Rousseau, the "general will" was
A) a meaningless abstraction and impediment to reason.
B) derived from the law of supply and demand.
C) a license to do as one pleased.
D) a social consensus to which the individual must bow.
E) identical to Locke's social contract.
Q4) Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Q5) Jacques-Louis David
Q6) Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia
Q7) Cesare Beccaria
Q8) "science of man"
Q9) Mary Astell's A Serious Proposal to the Ladies Page 7
Q10) Balthasar Neumann
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Page 8
Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The European peasantry in the eighteenth century
A) comprised nearly half of Europe's population.
B) was free from serfdom in all countries by 1789.
C) often owed extensive compulsory services to aristocratic landowners.
D) benefited the most in southern Italy and eastern Germany.
E) disappeared in England because of the Industrial Revolution.
Q2) In England, a legislative district controlled by one man or one family was known as a A) good job.
B) pocket borough.
C) sinecure.
D) tenured seat.
E) gerrymander.
Q3) the country house
Q4) "Prussian militarism"
Q5) agricultural enclosures
Q6) Did the social order in Europe genuinely change during the eighteenth century, or were there simply alterations made to an ongoing system?
Q7) French-Indian War
Q8) Seven Years' War Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French
Revolution and Napoleon
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Sample Questions
Q1) the marquis de Lafayette
Q2) In regard to the Catholic Church, the National Assembly
A) left the institution alone.
B) increased its power slightly in France.
C) passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen.
D) abolished the faith in France.
E) recognized the Catholic Church as France's only legal religion.
Q3) the guillotine
Q4) The German philosopher who initially welcomed the French Revolution, turned against it, becoming instead an advocate of a German national spirit was
A) Goethe.
B) Fichte.
C) Hegel.
D) Kant.
E) Schiller.
Q5) Napoleon has been considered the greatest general of all time.Using examples from the text, defend or refute this statement.
Q6) Temple of Reason
Q7) the Vendee
11
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Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) By 1870, most of the world had begun to industrialize according to the models established in western Europe and the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The new set of values established by factory owners during the Industrial Revolution
A) was rejected by evangelical religions as being "unchristian."
B) was basically a continuation from the cottage industry system.
C) was never adopted by the working class.
D) relegated the worker to a life of harsh discipline and the rigors of competitive wage labor.
E) was inspired by the examples of Belgium and France.
Q3) Robert Owen
Q4) canals
Q5) Compare and contrast the patterns of industrialization in continental Europe and the United States with that of Great Britain.
Q6) joint-stock companies
Q7) Did governments do more to promote the interests of workers or of employers, and why?
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Q1) Giuseppe Mazzini's nationalist organization, Young Italy,
A) liberated Italy's northern provinces from Austrian control.
B) failed to achieve his goal of "resurgence" by 1849.
C) helped inspire successful liberal constitutions throughout Italy.
D) used the liberals in governments to extend suffrage to Italy's working classes.
E) allied itself with the papacy to drive France out of Italy.
Q2) The American romantic author of The Fall of the House of Usher was
A) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B) Thomas Carlyle.
C) Edgar Allan Poe.
D) Herman Melville.
E) Henry David Thoreau.
Q3) King Louis-Philippe in France
A) did all he could to help the impoverished industrial workers.
B) cooperated with François Guizot and the Party of Resistance against the Party of Movement.
C) allowed for great reforms in the electoral system.
D) was the son of the former reactionary King Charles X.
E) died peacefully in France.
Page 13
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Chapter 10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elizabeth Blackwell
Q2) Ottoman Empire
Q3) In the opinion of the British prime minister, the proclamation of a newly unified German state ruled by an emperor in 1871
A) could only bode well for stable future European state relations.
B) required immediate embargoes against all German manufactures.
C) implied British renunciation of all existing treaties.
D) entirely destroyed the previous European balance of power.
E) guaranteed peace, as a single Germany was better than many competing Germanies.
Q4) How did Realism differ from Romanticism? How did Realism reflect the economic and social realities of Europe during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?
Q5) Hegel's dialectic
Q6) Auguste Comte was responsible for
A) posing an evolutionary theory akin to Darwin's.
B) founding the discipline of sociology.
C) helping to remove theology as a subject from university curricula.
D) integrating science with religion.
E) establishing a utopian community just outside Paris.
Page 14
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Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) music halls and dance halls
Q2) The chief cause of rising European populations between 1850 and 1880 was
A) a rising birthrate.
B) a declining mortality rate.
C) better childhood immunization programs.
D) better human diet in a consumer economy.
E) dramatic improvements in urban sanitation.
Q3) V.A.Huber
Q4) In a cartel
A) a vertically integrated company worked to monopolize all business in its industry.
B) independent enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas.
C) independent associations of grocers cooperated to artificially drive down prices.
D) private militias orchestrated intelligence gathering to diminish the police powers of modern nation states.
E) dependent enterprises worked with an overseeing organization to lower tariffs.
Q5) Reform Act of 1884
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer argued that to ensure the survival of the fittest, the state should abandon laissez-faire and intervene to fix and preserve existing economic and social societal relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hong Kong
Q3) the ego, the id, and the superego
Q4) Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring
Q5) Among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George was
A) unilateral British disarmament and world peace proposals.
B) passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers.
C) nationalization of all private industry in Britain.
D) reductions in the size of the British colonial empire.
E) to implement a policy of laissez-faire in economic and welfare matters.
Q6) Friedrich Nietzsche's "slave morality"
Q7) Congress of Berlin
Q8) Pablo Picasso and Cubism
Q9) Pius IX's Syllabus of Errors
Page 16
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Page 17
Chapter 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty between Russia and A) Finland.
B) Poland.
C) Germany.
D) the United States.
E) the Ottoman Empire.
Q2) The capable French wartime leader Georges Clemenceau uttered perhaps the only observation on World War One worthy of memory when he said
A) "Who would have thought that this war would go on so long and at so great a human price?"
B) "War is too important to be left to generals."
C) "War is the hygiene of modern humanity."
D) "Without war there would be no technological progress and no promise of future profits for industry."
E) "War is hell."
Q3) "war communism"
Q4) the machine gun and poison gas
Q5) Discuss the effects of World War I on political life, economic affairs, the social classes, and women.
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Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe
the Wars, 1919-1939
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera
Q2) Surrealism
Q3) Stakhanov cult
Q4) Nazis
Q5) Dopolavoro and Kraft durch Freude
Q6) In Europe, functionalism in architecture was best exemplified by Walter Gropius' Bauhaus School.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The city in which Hitler spent his formative years and developed his fundamental ideas was
A) Berlin.
B) Munich.
C) Frankfort.
D) Hamburg.
E) Vienna.
Q8) Dawes Plan
Q9) Marie Stopes' Married Love Page 19
Q10) How do the cultural and intellectual trends of the 1920s and 1930s reflect a crisis of confidence in Western Civilization?
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Page 20
Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
Ii
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Sample Questions
Q1) the Holocaust
Q2) Hitler's plan for defeating Britain relied on
A) the support of Soviet troops in a massive amphibious invasion.
B) Germany's Luftwaffe gaining control of the skies.
C) V-2 rockets to destroy British industrial power.
D) a giant tunnel, the "chunnel", under the English channel.
E) the support of Irish fifth-columnists.
Q3) For Hitler to achieve his goals, he thought
A) he must follow a strict time schedule and order of events.
B) he must gain the confidence of the United States.
C) careful consideration must be given to the desires of the nationalists.
D) his basic plan of racial supremacy and empire over "inferior" peoples was most critical.
E) he needed an alliance with France in order to protect his western flank when he invaded Russia.
Q4) "displaced persons"
Q5) Dresden
Page 21
Q6) How do you account for the early successes of the Germans from 1939 to 1941? To what degree did Blitzkrieg play a role in these successes?
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Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Sample Questions
Q1) Six-Day War
Q2) Compare and contrast Stalin's policies with those of Khrushchev's.
Q3) The policy created in 1947 and used by the Americans against Communism was called
A) massive retaliation.
B) containment.
C) appeasement.
D) curtailment.
E) mutually assured destruction (MAD).
Q4) The event that immediately preceded and sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis was A) the Berlin Wall.
B) Sputnik.
C) the death of Stalin.
D) the Bay of Pigs.
E) the attempted assassination of Fidel Castro by the CIA.
Q5) Mao Zedong
Q6) Elvis Presley and the Beatles
Q7) West Germany's "economic miracle"
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Q8) Compare and contrast the political, social, and economic histories of Eastern Europe and Western Europe in the Post-War decades.
Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985
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Q1) Postmodernism
Q2) European Green movements
A) achieved notable political successes in most European countries.
B) were not successful in mobilizing public support.
C) made average people aware of environmental problems and gained a variety of local and national political offices.
D) were primarily involved with the anti-nuclear movements in Europe.
E) were more successful in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe.
Q3) Ronald Reagan did all of the following except
A) cut back spending on food stamps.
B) cut back spending on school lunch programs.
C) increased spending on the military.
D) raised taxes on the wealthy.
E) more than doubled the national debt.
Q4) The Soviet Union's Yuri Andropov's most significant accomplishment was his support of Mikhail Gorbachev, a young reformer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Jacques Derrida and deconstructionism
Q6) Willy Brandt and Ostpolitik Page 23
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Page 24
Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia struggled with all of the following except:
A) a renewed Communist Party majority which took over the government.
B) organized crime.
C) an uprising in largely Muslim Chechnya.
D) economic hardships.
E) a president who was often ill.
Q2) Apple's iPod was introduced in
A) 1975.
B) 1985.
C) 1991.
D) 2001.
E) 2005.
Q3) Is the world facing a "clash of civilizations" in the near future? Why and or why not?
Q4) the Taliban and war in Afghanistan
Q5) Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front and Jorg Haider's Freedom Party
Q6) NGOs
Q7) How and why did the Cold War end? Did anyone "win" this conflict? Who? Why?
Page 25
Q8) Did Mikhail Gorbachev cause the Soviet Union to collapse?
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