History of Western Art II Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
History of Western Art II explores the development of visual arts in the Western world from the Renaissance to the present day. This course examines significant movements, artists, and works that have shaped the artistic legacy of Europe and North America, considering painting, sculpture, architecture, and emerging media. Through analysis of style, technique, and context, students gain insight into the evolving cultural, political, and intellectual currents that influenced artistic production. The course encourages critical thinking about how art reflects and shapes historical narrative, offering a comprehensive understanding of Western art's evolution in a global context.
Recommended Textbook
Humanities The Culture Continuity and Change Volume II 1600 to the Present 2nd Edition by Henry
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Chapter 20: The Baroque in Italy: The Church and Its Appeal
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Q1) Compare the sensual elements of Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa to Caravaggio's Conversion of Saint Paul.
Q2) Describe Bernini's colonnade enclosure of Vatican Square,and explain how it defines the Baroque style.
Q3) What is the canzona's dominant rhythm?
A)Short-long
B)Long-short-short
C)Long-long
D)Short-long-long
Q4) What effect does Caravaggio achieve with light in The Calling of Saint Matthew?
A)Transforms the calling into a miracle
B)Identifies which of the subjects is Matthew
C)Shows Jesus bringing the light to sinners
D)Makes Jesus's entrance seem threatening
Q5) Why is Vivaldi's The Four Seasons known as program music?
A)He composed it for one of the orphans' performances,or programs
B)Its purely instrumental music is connected to a story or idea
C)Its episodes contrast back and forth with the musical score
D)The music follows the program and rhythms of speech
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Chapter 21: The Secular Baroque in the North: The Art of Observation
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Q1) Compare Bacon's empirical method to Descartes' s deductive reasoning.
Q2) Why in 1637 did the Dutch economy come close to collapse?
A)Widespread flooding of tulip fields
B)Frenzied speculation in tulip futures
C)Rampant virus in tulip crop
D)inflation caused by tulip craze
Q3) Of what does a vanitas painting remind the viewer?
A)To avoid the pleasures of everyday life
B)To appreciate the beauty in nature
C)To focus on the spiritual,not the material
D)To enjoy the pleasures of everyday life
Q4) Summarize the frenzied speculation in tulip bulbs known as "Tulipomania," including its effects on the Dutch economy and the people.
Q5) What do most of Jan Vermeer's 34 painting depict?
A)The symmetry of Dutch domestic architecture
B)A moment in the domestic world of women
C)National pride in Dutch land reclamation
D)A civic institution's membership at a particular time
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Q6) Using as examples at least two of his works,describe Rembrandt van Rijn's use and meaning of light.
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Chapter 22: The Baroque Court: Absolute Power and Royal
Patronage
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Q1) Why has the era of Louis XIV's reign come to be known as the Age of Absolutism?
A)Science was providing answers for what previously was unknown
B)Louis was a strong monarch who exerted power based on divine right
C)The artists and architects looked to the absolutes of classical style
D)Louis served as monarch to both France and the Holy Roman Empire
Q2) Which Baroque artist greatly influenced Diego Velázquez's paintings?
A)Rembrandt
B)Vermeer
C)Caravaggio
D)Poussin
Q3) Why did Louis XIV urge his courtiers to live beyond their means?
A)To make his court the envy of Europe
B)To elevate their status in his eyes
C)To increase profits of influential French merchants
D)To make them financially dependent on him
Q4) Compare Anne Bradstreet's "To My Dear and Loving Husband" to Robert Herrick's "To the Virgins,To Make Much of Time," focusing on audience,style,and theme.
Q5) Compare Nicolas Poussin's painting philosophy and style to Peter Paul Rubens' philosophy and style.
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Chapter 23: The Rise of the Enlightenment in England: The
Claims of Reason
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Q1) What new literary form did Addison and Steele invent for their newspapers?
A)Journalistic essay
B)Yellow journalism
C)Parody
D)New journalism
Q2) Why did Jonathan Swift in "A Modest Proposal" advocate butchering Irish children?
A)To reduce the poverty of the Irish
B)To satirize the English treatment of the Irish
C)To decrease the number of Irish Protestants
D)To persuade the Irish poor to migrate to America
Q3) Why did the Lunar Society meet monthly on the night of a full moon?
A)So they could study the full moon's gravitational pull
B)So they would have light to travel home by
C)Benjamin Franklin made this decision
D)So they would have clearer view of planets and stars
Q4) Referencing one work of art and one of literature,show how satire aimed to improve the English.
Q5) List,define,and provide examples of two types of novels that developed in eighteenth-century England.
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Chapter 24: The Rococo and the Enlightenment on the
Continent: Privilege and Reason
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Q1) What Joseph Haydn development was the first of the new Classical genres?
A)The symphony
B)The German opera
C)The sonata form
D)The string quartet
Q2) On whose art did Watteau model the dog in The Signboard of Gersaint?
A)Nicholas Poussin
B)Titian
C)Peter Paul Rubens
D)William Hogarth
Q3) Cite and explain two examples of Europe and China influencing one another.
Q4) As explained in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,why was Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun's Marie-Antionette en chemise rejected by the Salon of 1783?
A)They thought Marie's gown was lingerie
B)They objected to the painting's informality
C)They considered its lines too classical
D)They believed Marie's smile was too inviting
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Q5) List and describe the four sections of Johann Stamitz's orchestra.
Q6) Identify and describe two ways Rococo painting differs from Baroque.
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Chapter 25: The Rights of Man: Revolution and the
Neoclassical Style
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Q1) Why in The Wealth of Nations did Adam Smith take a laissez-faire position on slavery?
A)He owned several slaves
B)Slaves could supply goods cheaper
C)Slavery was just another commodity
D)He believed blacks were inferior to the British
Q2) Why did the French peasant and working-class women march on Versailles in 1789?
A)To kill Marie Antoinette
B)To demand bread
C)To protest taxes
D)To loot the palace
Q3) Discuss the role of women in the French Revolution.
Q4) Explain the meaning and importance of Jefferson's alteration of John Locke's argument for "life,liberty,and property" in Two Treatises on Government to "life,liberty,and the pursuit of happiness."
Q5) Why did Napoleon reject Canova's statue of him as Mars?
A)He needed to remove himself from a military image
B)He had ordered himself portrayed as Augustus,not Mars
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C)He desired to be portrayed as taller,not his actual height
D)He thought displaying himself as a nude was inappropriate
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Chapter 26: The Romantic World View: the Self in Nature and
the Nature of Self
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Q1) List three characteristics of the Romantic hero,showing how Napoleon fit this character type.
Q2) What view of the world did the Romantics value?
A)Empirical observation
B)Divinely revealed truth
C)Objective reality
D)Subjective experience
Q3) In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein,why does the creature embark on a quest for revenge against Dr.Frankenstein?
A)For creating him from dead body parts
B)For abandoning him to fend for himself
C)For not giving him a soul
D)For leaving him in the Arctic
Q4) In Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," what does the Mariner's killing of the albatross represent?
A)Coleridge overcoming opium addiction
B)An attack on nature
C)Salvation for his shipmates
D)Christ's crucifixion
Q5) List and describe three beliefs of the Romantic artists.
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Chapter
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Q1) What realistic device did Mark Twain use for his characters in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?
A)Clothing
B)Music
C)Setting
D)Speech
Q2) List and explain three ways industrialization changed the English working class people.
Q3) By how much did London's population increase between 1800 and 1880?
A)Double
B)Triple
C)Quadruple
D)Quintuple
Q4) Explain Charles Darwin's argument of natural selection.
Q5) Why did the French public and critics object to Gustave Courbet's paintings?
A)His use of contemporary people in historical scenes
B)His political symbolism in landscape scenes
C)His wild,energetic brushstrokes and blurry details
D)His depiction of commoners in grand size
Q6) Define literary realism,and list two examples by different authors.
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Chapter 28: Global Confrontation and Civil War: Challenges to Cultural Identity
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Q1) Describe Winslow Homer's A Visit from the Old Mistress,identifying and explaining the details that emphasize the divide between the Old and the New South.
Q2) Due to the 1848 revolutions across Europe,which previously oppressed group gained some rights?
A)Serbs
B)Croats
C)Jews
D)Russians
Q3) Why were so many Chinese attracted to America after their economy collapsed?
A)To receive free land
B)To escape indenturing
C)To work in the mines
D)To avoid imprisonment
Q4) In his Haussmannization of Paris,why did Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann widen Paris's streets?
A)To enable more shops to be built along them
B)To make it harder for mobs to barricade them
C)To allow for more factories to be built in the city
D)To make it more difficult for snipers to aim at people
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Chapter 29: In Pursuit of Modernity: Paris in the 1850s and 1860s
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Q1) Identify and explain two ways Giuseppe Verdi achieved dramatic realism in his operas.
Q2) What earlier work does Manet's Olympia mirror?
A)Titian's Reclining Nude
B)Botticelli's The Birth of Venus
C)Giorgione's The Tempest
D)Antonio Canova's Paolina Bonaparte as Venus
Q3) How did Wagner accomplish his new "music drama"-reflections by the orchestra of the stage action?
A)With song cycles
B)With a rondo form
C)With multiple arias
D)With leitmotifs
Q4) For what was Charles Baudelaire's poetry criticized?
A)Elaborate metaphors and difficult rhyme
B)Allusions to obscure classical works
C)Unconventional themes and subject matter
D)Harsh meter and absence of rhyme
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Q5) Define leitmotif,and explain Wagner's use of it to unify his music drama.
Q6) Define literary naturalism,and provide two examples Émile Zola's works.
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Chapter
Nineteenth-Century Europe
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Q1) For what did Joseph Paxton design London's Crystal Palace?
A)The new Saint Christopher le Stocks Church
B)The Bridgeman Art Library of Impressionist Painting
C)The Royal Society of London for Improving Knowledge
D)The Exhibition of the Art and Industry of All Nations
Q2) Why did Zola call Gustave Caillebotte's The Floor-Scrapers "crude" and "violent"?
A)Its loose,sketchy brushwork
B)Its working-class subject
C)Its reliance on parallel lines
D)Its downplay of natural light
Q3) Why does Manet's barmaid in A Bar at the Folies-Bergère look not at but past the painting's viewer?
A)To emphasize her low social status
B)To remove herself from her menial job
C)To watch the distant trapeze artist
D)To emphasize her isolation
Q4) Supporting your claims with works from specific artists,define three characteristics of the French Impressionists' art.
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Chapter 31: The Course of Empire: Expansion and Conflict in America
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Q1) Why did the U.S.Congress select Chicago to host the 1893 Columbian Exposition?
A)Location at center of the U.S.
B)Majority of citizens foreign-born
C)Lakes providing efficient transport
D)Rural areas for hall construction
Q2) In The Life Line,how does Winslow Homer present the female?
A)Totally dependent on the strong male
B)Bathed in a soft,gauzy light
C)Vulnerable to the forces of Nature
D)With a rose symbolizing fallen virtue
Q3) How did Jane McCrea become a symbol of Native American and white relations?
A)She lived peacefully with Native Americans
B)Native Americans captured,killed,and scalped her
C)Native Americans taught her their Ghost Dance
D)She led the Trail of Tears into Oklahoma
Q4) Not exactly well received during his time,Walt Whitman and his works continue to influence writers today.Identify and describe at least two ways Whitman changed American literature.
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Q5) Define and show with at least three specific examples the ways artists in the latter part of the nineteenth-century viewed women.
Chapter 32: The Fin De Siècle: Toward the Modern
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Q1) How did Louis Comfort Tiffany create his Art Nouveau stained glass?
A)Adding ground gemstones to the molten glass
B)Dusting it with gold and silver powder
C)Mixing different colors of glass together while hot
D)Placing small dots of two colors very near each other
Q2) Define Pointillism,and explain Georges Seurat's use of points of color to reflect and to create mood.
Q3) List and define in depth two beliefs of Friedrich Nietzsche.
Q4) In The Night Café,how does Vincent van Gogh express "the terrible passions of humanity"?
A)Emphasizing the glare of gas lights
B)Portraying the patrons as asleep
C)Blurring features with thick brushstrokes
D)Garishly contrasting reds and green
Q5) On what work did Stépane Mallarmé base his Symbolist "L'Aprés-midi d'un faune"?
A)Homer's Odyssey
B)Balzac's Germinal
C)Ovid's Metamorphoses
D)Dante's Inferno
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Chapter 33: The Era of Invention: Paris and the Modern World
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Q1) Identify and explain the three characteristics of Imagist poetry.
Q2) Which earlier artist's work may have inspired Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?
A)Titian
B)Manet
C)Giorgione
D)van Gogh
Q3) Identify and explain three specific examples for motion being a defining characteristic of early twentieth-century art.
Q4) Which American poet did Ezra Pound grudgingly admit influenced his work?
A)Emily Dickinson
B)Edgar Allen Poe
C)Walt Whitman
D)Ralph Waldo Emerson
Q5) What special significance does the spiral have in Cubist paintings such as Picasso's Violin?
A)The interplay between two and three dimensions
B)The opposite of the geometric figures
C)The connection between spiritual and physical
D)The continual change of the universe
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Chapter 34: The Great War and Its Impact: a Lost
Generation and a New Imagination
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Q1) In his Surrealist Girl Before a Mirror,what does Picasso portray in his mistress's reflected image?
A)The girl's unconscious self
B)His own self-portrait
C)A monstrous figure of his wife
D)An animal licking its fur
Q2) Analyze and illustrate the connection between Freud's theories about human personality and the development of stream of consciousness in the novels of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.
Q3) Why did Virginia Woolf disapprove of Joyce's Ulysses?
A)Use of obscenity
B)Absence of punctuation
C)Working-class focus
D)Excessive length
Q4) Whose utopian views influenced Vladimir Lenin?
A)Thomas More
B)Karl Marx
C)William Morris
D)Voltaire
Q5) List and define Freud's three competing drives of human personality.
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Making It New
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Q1) Why were whites stunned during the 1919 "Red Summer" riots?
A)Blacks fought back
B)Blacks attacked whites
C)Blacks passively resisted
D)Blacks carried guns
Q2) Why did Frank Lloyd Wright dislike the International Style?
A)Too artificial
B)Too massive
C)Too European
D)Too uniform
Q3) Why were male audiences drawn to the monstrous characters played by horror genre-actor Lon Chaney?
A)Identification with the characters' alienation
B)Symbolic catharsis for aggressive tendencies
C)Vicarious ability to triumph over evil
D)Erotic stimulation of subjugating women
Q4) Identify and explain two ways the films made in 1920s Hollywood differ from those made in Europe during the same era.
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Q5) Compare Charles Sheeler's Classical Landscape with Georgia O'Keeffe's Red Hills and Bones
Chapter 36: The Age of Anxiety: Fascism and Depression
holocaust and Bomb
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Q1) Identify and explain three ways the Great Depression recovery Work Projects Administration (WPA)aided the arts,listing a specific example of each way.
Q2) Why did Hitler begin the tradition of carrying the Olympic torch from Athens to the Olympic venue in 1936?
A)Show off the Germans' athletic abilities
B)Advertise Germany's openness to other cultures
C)Suggest that Germany was the new classical Greece
D)Imply Germany's position as civilization's center
Q3) What 1927 film was the first feature-length talkie?
A)The Blue Angel
B)The Wizard of Oz
C)The Black Pirate
D)The Jazz Singer
Q4) Why did the Germans level the Basque town of Guernica in 1937?
A)Show the world their air power
B)Destroy the French outpost there
C)Take out a bridge used by Spanish rebels
D)Frighten the Spanish into siding with them
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Chapter
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Q1) Identify and explain two ways the art of the Abstract Expressionists introduced a new aspect-the creation of meaning shifting from artist to audience.
Q2) According to theologian Reinhold Niebuhr,what did religion provide the post-World War II alienated person?
A)Capacity to forgive
B)Freedom to act morally
C)Courage to conquer despair
D)Power to accept change
Q3) Why do the works by Jean Dubuffet,such as Corps de Dame,look do disordered?
A)He practiced "ghost drawing," producing works while in a trance
B)He aimed for "authentic" art,divorced from convention and tradition
C)He modeled his works after the art brut created by psychotics and children
D)He deconstructed figures,reducing them to unraveled lines
Q4) To reap the full effect of David Smith's Blackburn: Song of an Irish Blacksmith,what must the viewer do?
A)See it in different lights
B)Move around it
C)Know Smith's background
D)See it move
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Chapter 38: Multiplicity and Diversity: Cultures of Liberation and
Identity in the 1960s and 1970s
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Q1) Why did Christo and Jeanne-Claude chose to erect their umbrellas in California and Japan?
A)Symbolize their interdependence in the electronic revolution
B)Honor California's large Japanese-American population
C)Commemorate the 50<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the U .S.'s bombing of Japan
D)Show the dramatic difference in landscape between the two
Q2) Supporting your claims with specific works,show how two of the following female visual artists of the 1960s explored and aimed to redefine gender roles: Judy Chicago,Eleanor Antin,Cindy Sherman.
Q3) How did Birmingham Police Chief Bull Conner respond to the April 1963 mass demonstration by children?
A)Ordered his men to open fire,killing 4 girls
B)Called in the National Guard to control them
C)Attacked them with dogs and fire hoses
D)Ignored them,hoping they would tire
Q4) Compare the statements made about "penis envy" in Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique to Sylvia Plath's "Lady Lazarus."
Q5) Summarize the role popular music played in the youth rebellion of the 1960s.
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Chapter 39: Without Boundaries: Multiple Meanings in a
Postmodern World
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Q1) Identify and explain two ways computers have changed the understanding and creation of architecture and visual art,supporting your response with descriptions of specific works covered in the chapter.
Q2) Why did the Chinese government demand Zhang Hongtu's painting Bird's Nest,in the Style of Cubism be removed from China?
A)Inclusion of words in English,not Chinese
B)Imitation of French Cubism style
C)Inappropriate muted palette for celebration
D)Use of number 8 to mock Chinese superstition
Q3) What is Prague's Dancing House with its teetering sense of collapse designed to evoke?
A)Couple performing an intricate dance
B)Post-World War II bombed building
C)Distorted mirror image of its neighbor
D)Updated Leaning Tower of Pisa
Q4) Respond to the chapter's "Continuity and Change" ending question: "what is it about your world that you have come [by studying the humanities] to understand and appreciate more fully?" Be sure to reference specifics-both from the text and from your experience.
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