History of the United States Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive overview of the history of the United States from its earliest colonial beginnings through the present day. Students will explore key political, social, economic, and cultural developments that have shaped the nation, including the founding of the colonies, the American Revolution, the Civil War, industrialization, world wars, social movements, and contemporary issues. Emphasis is placed on critical analysis of primary and secondary sources to understand diverse perspectives and the ongoing evolution of American identity.
Recommended Textbook
African American Odyssey The Combined Volume 5th Edition by Darlene Clark Hine
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Africa
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Q1) What distinguished the Kingdom of Kongo from many other African kingdoms?
A) Mani Kongo Nzinga Knuwu began a tradition of welcoming early Portuguese missions.
B) The Kongo had no access to water travel.
C) The Kongo launched a holy war against Christian missionaries.
D) The Kongo maintained gender equality.
Answer: A
Q2) What African empire became powerful in the 1200s after Ghana fell to the Almoravids?
A) The Soninke formed the Empire of the Congo.
B) The Mandinka formed the Mali Empire.
C) The Almoravids formed the Second Ghanaian Empire.
D) The Egyptians formed the first dynasty of pharaohs.
Answer: B
Q3) __________, a part of the Kushite civilization, became Africa's first industrial center, exploiting nearby resources of iron.
Answer: Meroë
Q4) The Portuguese referred to the area around the Congo River as ____________.
Answer: Angola
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Middle Passage
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Q1) How many slaves were the British able to transport to the Americas when the demand for slaves was the highest?
A) Due to the inadequate technology available, the British really could only transport a few thousand a year.
B) The British customarily moved hundreds of thousands of slaves per year, with the development of new and wider types of ships.
C) Generally, between 10,000 and 20,000 people per year.
D) In the 1790s, the British moved approximately 50,000 slaves from Africa to the Americas.
Answer: D
Q2) Until the early sixteenth century, for what were the early slaves captured by the Portuguese used?
A) domestic servants
B) labor in the sugar cane fields of North America
C) soldiers in some of the Europeans' many wars of the time period
D) teachers of African culture and language for wealthy, young Portuguese children
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Black People in Colonial North America
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Q1) How would the British have described the race of a person who was part white and part black?
A) The child was always considered the same race as the mother.
B) Anyone with black blood was automatically considered black, and therefore inferior.
C) That person would be adopted into white society if his or her skin color was light enough.
D) As a "mestizo."
Answer: B
Q2) What status did slaves have during approximately the first 20 years of Georgia's existence?
A) Slaves actually had about equal status to whites early in Georgia.
B) Slaves were treated far more harshly in Georgia than anywhere else, primarily because they outnumbered white settlers.
C) Slaves had an ambiguous status in Georgia. Historians cannot tell if they were considered slaves or indentured servants.
D) Slavery was outlawed in Georgia during the early years of the colony.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Rising Expectations: African Americans and the
Struggle for Independence
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Q1) Why did many Quakers take the lead in abolitionism?
A) Quakers had strong African roots.
B) Quaker ideology had long stressed principles of brotherhood of man and nonviolence.
C) Quaker church members served with blacks in the army during the American Revolution, and had seen first hand their bravery and commitment to liberty.
D) Quakers had never owned slaves, and therefore had no economic interest.
Q2) Why did Washington reconsider his initial ban on black slaves serving in the army?
A) Washington hoped to kill off many black people by using them in the army as front line troops.
B) Washington generally hoped for equality between the races, and thought that military service would be a way for blacks to prove themselves.
C) Washington never reconsidered his initial ban.
D) Lord Dunmore's proclamation seemed to give him greater strength and power.
Q3) Black Loyalists were most common and numerous in the colonies of ______________ and ______________ during the Revolution.
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Q1) Why was cotton production an important development in the continuation of slavery in the South?
A) Demand for cotton was skyrocketing, and slaves were needed to pick it.
B) The South was becoming more industrialized, and needed more slaves.
C) It generated income for the South at the expense of the North.
D) Because cotton had no new technological innovations between 1750 and 1850, so it needed a lot of labor.
Q2) How are Richard Allen and Absalom Jones important in African-American history?
A) They were the first black men to speak for women's rights.
B) They led the formation of the first separate and independent black churches in America.
C) They were the first black men elected to the United States Senate.
D) They pressed for blacks to adopt white ways and become whites.
Q3) What statement is not true of early (before 1832) anti-slavery societies?
A) They were dominated by Quakers.
B) They included the active participation by and membership of some African Americans.
C) They were most dominant in the northern states.
D) They tended to focus on gradual emancipation plans.
Q4) What was the name of the first anti-slavery society in the world?
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Chapter 6: Life in the Cotton Kingdom
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Q1) Where was tobacco cultivation important?
A) Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina
B) Virginia and small areas of Pennsylvania
C) Kentucky and Alabama
D) New York and New Jersey.
Q2) Why was it difficult to use advanced technology on cotton crops?
A) Masters in the south could not afford it.
B) Cotton ripened at different times, and machines couldn't tell if it was ready or not.
C) Masters wanted to keep their slaves busy, so they wouldn't rebel, so they deliberately avoided any time-saving equipment.
D) Only the North made technological advances, and since the North didn't raise cotton, they lacked an incentive to develop the technology.
Q3) What city served as a major slave market for slaves moving through the Southwest?
A) New York
B) St. Louis
C) New Orleans
D) Atlanta
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8
Chapter 7: Free Black People in Antebellum America
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Q1) Where were the two largest African Methodist Episcopal churches?
A) Virginia and New Orleans
B) New York City and Philadelphia
C) Massachusetts and Vermont
D) Rhode Island and New York
Q2) Who was the first African American to argue a case before the United States Supreme Court?
Q3) What trend doomed the openly elitist Federalists party?
Q4) Which of the following statements about segregation is true?
A) The "better classes" of blacks were sometimes allowed into facilities reserved for whites.
B) Blacks faced many difficulties in trying to ride public transportation, although they often had no choice but to attempt to ride them.
C) Segregation was only apparent in the South.
D) Segregation of public facilities only began in the 20th century.
Q5) Which party developed to support Andrew Jackson and oppose John Quincy Adams?
Q6) Who was the first African American to graduate from medical school?
Q7) What was the most famous bi-racial university during the antebellum period?
Q8) What party brought about the repeal of Ohio's black laws?
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Chapter 8: Opposition to Slavery
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Q1) Which of the following is true about the Society for the Promotion of the Abolition of Slavery?
A) It was the first antislavery society in the North.
B) It was the first antislavery society in the South.
C) It attracted non-Quaker members.
D) It attracted well over one million members across the United States.
Q2) What was true about the Whig Party during the 1820s and 1830s?
A) The Whigs attracted people who favored a more liberal social policy, mainly because the Democrats pushed them away.
B) The Whigs failed to attract evangelical Christians, who were more interested in maintaining slavery.
C) The Whigs favored the abolition of slavery.
D) The Whig Party was completely ineffectual, and felt that the freemasons were trying to take over America.
Q3) What were the goals of the American Colonization Society?
A) to have all of the territories of the United States be free
B) the immediate emancipation of all slaves
C) to gradually free slaves, through purchasing them and sending them to Africa
D) to colonize a blacks-only state in the western United States
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Let Your Motto Be Resistance
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Q1) The ________________ was a rule passed by Congress in effect forbidding any discussion of antislavery issues.
Q2) How were the black churches important to the abolitionist movement?
A) Clergy attacked slavery and discrimination.
B) Black churches were generally not very important, since they refused to get involved in any political issues within the community.
C) Churches provided 75% of all funds to the antislavery organizations.
D) Since black churches were still controlled by whites, they made few contributions.
Q3) What was the name of Frederick Douglass's influential newspaper?
Q4) What was the eventual effect of the black nationalistic efforts?
A) They really had little effect, since the antislavery movement eventually achieved its goal.
B) They were very influential, and a significant number of African Americans migrated.
C) They rarely included the input of blacks, since whites controlled most of the organizations.
D) Black nationalism led to an increase in urban riots by blacks during the 1840s.
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Page 11
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Q1) Where did Stephen Douglas stand on the issue of slavery?
A) He was for popular sovereignty, and thought masters should be able to bring their slaves anywhere.
B) He thought that slavery should be abolished immediately.
C) He thought that blacks and white should have equal political and social rights.
D) He thought that all blacks should be shipped back to Africa as quickly as possible.
Q2) What was it that Stephen Douglas proposed to resolve the problem of whether Kansas should come in as a free or slave state?
Q3) What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case regarding Scott's rights?
A) Slaves taken into free territory automatically became free.
B) Although blacks had some rights in America, given to them by the states, slaves did not have the right to begin a suit against a white man.
C) Black people (not just slaves) had no rights in America and therefore could not even bring a lawsuit.
D) Freeing slaves under any method was completely unconstitutional.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War
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Q1) What eventually happened to the First South Carolina Volunteers?
A) They were mostly disbanded after Congress failed to appropriate money for them, and later regrouped and were inducted into the United States Army.
B) They won the assault on Fort Wagner for the North.
C) They were all killed in the Battle of Bull Run.
D) They mutinied, protesting against poor treatment in the military.
Q2) What policy did General Patrick Cleburne recommend?
A) putting all slaves in prison until after the war
B) freeing slaves for their military service, if they were loyal to the Confederacy
C) surrendering to the North in exchange for keeping their slaves
D) the wholesale slaughter of black soldiers and runaway slaves
Q3) What was Lincoln's initial aim of the Civil War when it began in 1861?
A) to free the slaves
B) to preserve the Union, without regard to ending slavery
C) to preserve the Union and to free the slaves
D) Lincoln was completely surprised by the South's secession, and had no initial aims
Q4) What Union commander began the policy of accepting runaway slaves as "contraband"?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: The Meaning of Freedom: the Promise of Reconstruction
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Q1) How did some former masters react to the emancipation of their slaves?
A) Some were tremendously hurt and surprised when their slaves chose to run away or leave after freedom.
B) Many were hopeful for their slaves' chances in freedom.
C) Some whites reacted with violence against slaves.
D) Most masters fled the country after the end of the war, so they were not present for emancipation.
Q2) Which of the following is not true of Special Field Order #15?
A) It set aside some land between Charleston and Jacksonville for former slave use.
B) Sherman allowed some of the slaves to use army mules.
C) Relative to the freed population of slaves, it affected a very large number of people.
D) The order forced former slaves to work in repairing the wartime damages to Southern cities.
Q3) Who became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated?
A) Lyndon Johnson
B) Andrew Johnson
C) John Danielson
D) William Sherman
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Chapter 13: The Meaning of Freedom: the Failure of Reconstruction,
1868-1877
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Q1) How did some black legislators try to gain land for blacks?
A) by forcing large property holders to give land to the state, so that blacks could have it
B) by making taxes on large landowners so high that they would have to sell their land
C) black legislators never felt they had enough power to even think about giving blacks land
D) some black legislators advocated violence as a way to gain land during Reconstruction
Q2) Which was not a problem faced by Republicans in establishing schools during Reconstruction?
A) White parents often refused to have their children go to integrated schools.
B) Many states in the South had little money to give.
C) Some parents opposed compulsory education laws.
D) Northerners proved very willing to allocate generous funding to black schools if the south did not.
Q3) ______________ College was the first historically black state university, founded in 1872.
Q4) Where was the KKK founded?
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Chapter 14: White Supremacy Triumphant: African
Americans
in
the South in the Late Nineteenth Century
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Q1) What view did the white farmers' alliances have of black voting?
A) They fully supported blacks voting in all cases.
B) They didn't think that blacks should vote, but ironically encouraged them to vote for certain candidates.
C) They thought that blacks should only be agricultural workers, and should not participate in politics.
D) They were a white supremacist organization, devoted to terrorism like the Klan, and wanted to keep all blacks from voting.
Q2) In the Populist Party, which leader openly promoted interracial cooperation as a way of overcoming farmers' problems?
A) Hiram Revels
B) Thomas Watson
C) William Jennings Bryan
D) Teddy Roosevelt
Q3) What system did white southerners devise for convicts, which provided very cheap (and mostly black) labor for businessmen?
Q4) What was the name of the case that upheld Louisiana's segregation laws?
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Chapter 15: Black Southerners Challenge White Supremacy
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Q1) Why did many black lawyers have a hard time making a living?
A) Blacks often preferred to hire white lawyers, which they believed could improve their chances of winning their cases.
B) Judges refused to allow blacks to practice in white courts.
C) Black lawyers were not allowed to work for money, since they could not be licensed.
D) Occupational taxes for black lawyers were higher than for whites.
Q2) Why did whites send blacks to fight in Cuba?
A) They thought blacks were actually braver.
B) They thought blacks were immune to yellow fever, and would withstand the climate better.
C) They were hoping that a majority of blacks in America would be killed in the fighting.
D) The whites responsible for military policy understood that fighting would prove blacks the equal to whites.
Q3) Who is regarded as the "father of the blues"?
Q4) Who was Hampton Institute's most famous and prized student?
Q5) Who began the push to eliminate black men from major league baseball?
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Chapter 16: Conciliation, Agitation, and Migration: African
Americans in the Early Twentieth Century
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Q1) How did white people react to Washington's speech?
A) Many whites attacked and burned Washington's school for his threatening remarks.
B) Washington was generally ignored by most important whites.
C) Since it was so non-threatening, they thought it was sensible and praiseworthy. Many whites supported Washington's leadership.
D) Whites attempted to block Washington's message from ever reaching any blacks.
Q2) What methods did the NAACP use to try to gain black civil and political rights?
A) They worked within the court and legislative system, chipping away at discrimination, racism, and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.
B) They attempted to use violence, secretly, several times, but abandoned it after the government began an investigation of the organization.
C) They would hold huge rallies, with jazz and blues music to attract followers.
D) They worked actively to discredit Washington, and to limit funding to Tuskegee.
Q3) What was the first college fraternity for black men?
Q4) What was the motto of the NACW?
Q5) What was the first college sorority for black women?
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Chapter 17: African Americans and the 1920s
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Q1) What man was very important in greatly expanding the membership of the NAACP through the 1920s?
A) James Weldon Johnson
B) W. E. B. Du Bois
C) Marcus Garvey
D) Booker T. Washington
Q2) What was the "Harlem Renaissance"?
A) an outpouring of literary and artistic work from blacks during the 1920s
B) a brief time when blacks in Harlem had equal social rights to whites during the 1920s
C) the name given to the time period when Harlem was growing larger, and getting more black institutions
D) a time when historical buildings in Harlem were given great attention
Q3) What organization reemerged shortly after the release of the movie, The Birth of a Nation?
A) NAACP
B) Ku Klux Klan
C) Actors Against Racism
D) the first motion picture rating organization
Q4) What organization was Randolph asked to lead in 1925?
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Chapter 18: Black Protests, the Great Depression, and the New Deal
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Q1) Why did President Hoover do very little during the Great Depression to alleviate poverty?
A) He was actually a very active president, but Congress refused to pass the huge variety of relief programs he proposed.
B) He believed that government, when it acted, should help the wealthy and big businesses only.
C) He strongly believed that individuals or charities, not the government, should help alleviate poverty.
D) Hoover was only president for the first few months of the Great Depression.
Q2) What first was accomplished by Juanita E. Jackson?
A) She was the first black woman admitted to practice law in Maryland, and through her legal cases helped destroy segregation.
B) She was the first woman to gain a recording contract with a major white label.
C) She was the first black doctor in the state of Georgia, although she was never allowed to practice.
D) She was killed by whites after having an affair with a white married man.
Q3) Who was the first black Democrat to ever win a House of Representatives seat?
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Meanings of Freedom: Culture and Society in the 1930s
and 1940s
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Q1) Where was the central, most vibrant place for the development of black culture in the 1930s and 1940s?
A) Harlem
B) Chicago
C) Philadelphia
D) New Orleans
Q2) What was one difference between Harlem Renaissance artists and Chicago Renaissance artists?
A) Chicago Renaissance writers focused solely on political gains for their race. They refused to take part in "frivolous" fictional writing.
B) Writers of the Chicago Renaissance refused to publish their works with white publishers.
C) Chicago Renaissance writers generally did not feel that their work would solve racial problems.
D) These artists were very similar in goals, methods, and projects.
Q3) What did the development of black culture during the 1930s and 1940s help African Americans counter?
Q4) Who was the leader of the Peace Mission Movement?
Q5) Where was the center of the black music world in the 1930s and 1940s?
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Chapter
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Q1) What was not a finding of the 1925 American War College study about African Americans?
A) They were physically unfit for combat duty.
B) They were inferior in intelligence and resourcefulness to whites.
C) They could not control themselves in the face of danger.
D) That they should be able to serve in officer positions, if tested adequately beforehand.
Q2) What area saw the most dramatic increase in black population during World War II?
Q3) What was a common occupation for many black soldiers in Europe?
A) They were often a part of the transportation corps, delivering supplies to soldiers at the front lines.
B) They were only responsible for digging trenches and setting up temporary quarters for white soldiers.
C) They were rarely put in any position of danger during the war.
D) No African Americans were sent to Europe, since they were thought to be cowards and lazy.
Q4) Who led the Dixiecrat Party revolt in 1948?
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Page 22
Chapter 21: The Freedom Movement
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Q1) How did whites in Alabama react to the Freedom Riders passing through their state?
A) They paid little attention, since the riders were peaceful and made no trouble.
B) They reacted violently, bombing the buses and beating the riders and bystanders.
C) They generally supported the black students, as long as they were peaceful.
D) They supported the students with donations of food and money.
Q2) What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 not do?
A) It created a regulatory body to monitor discrimination in employment.
B) It banned discrimination in all public facilities across the nation.
C) It gave the federal government the power to withhold federal money from discriminatory businesses or institutions.
D) Restored all voting rights to African American men and women.
Q3) What event sparked the Montgomery bus boycott?
A) the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr.
B) the arrest of Rosa Parks, a local seamstress and civil rights activist
C) the violence against black men on the buses
D) A dispute over police brutality in the city.
Q4) Who was responsible for the murder of civil rights activist Medgar Evers?
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts, 1965-1976
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Q1) What did Carmichael say Black Power meant?
A) reverse discrimination, favoring blacks over whites by any means necessary
B) positive self-identity, racial pride, and independent economic and political power
C) the removal of segregation
D) Carmichael never really defined black power
Q2) What was the first political organization to adopt the black panther as its symbol?
A) the Black Panther Party
B) the Democratic Party
C) the Africa Free Party
D) the Lowndes County Freedom Organization
Q3) What was the main difference between the winning mayoral campaigns of Carl Stokes and Richard Hatcher?
A) Hatcher openly espoused racism and segregation, while Stokes was for black civil rights.
B) Hatcher won with a very small percentage of white votes, while Stokes won through an interracial effort.
C) Stokes ran as a Black Panther, while Hatcher remained a Democrat.
D) Hatcher was endorsed and supported by Martin Luther King.
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Chapter 23: African Americans at the Millennium
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Q1) Which church has been at the forefront of gender reform in the black community?
A) the Nation of Islam
B) the Catholic Church
C) the AME Church
D) the Baptist church
Q2) What statements of Farrakhan's attracted national attention during and after the 1984 presidential campaign?
A) He said that blacks were actually superior to whites.
B) He said he hoped for a return to a male-dominated, segregated society, where blacks were subordinate.
C) He denounced rap music, and called it "the music of the devil."
D) He made anti-Semitic comments, stating that he thought Jewish people were at the heart of black problems in America.
Q3) How did the economic situation for blacks change in the late twentieth century compared to the mid twentieth century?
A) More black women were forced into domestic and food service jobs.
B) Black family income increased dramatically.
C) Black wealth completely closed the income gap with whites.
D) Overall, economic opportunities for blacks dropped dramatically.
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Page 25
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Q1) How did blacks feel about Clinton?
A) They refused to support him at first, but later reluctantly did.
B) They warmly welcomed his candidacy against Bush, and felt that he was the best president since Lyndon Johnson regarding black rights.
C) They never supported him.
D) The black vote was split evenly between Bush and Clinton in 1992.
Q2) Why was Bush criticized by many blacks, and by Jesse Jackson, during his election campaign in 1988?
A) Jackson said Bush would overturn many black gains in civil rights.
B) Bush had accused Jesse Jackson of taking bribes and other types of corruption.
C) Bush refused to renounce a very negative ad depicting Willie Horton, a black man who raped a white woman while on furlough (granted by Dukakis) from prison.
D) Bush had wrongly accused Jackson of sexual harassment.
Q3) On what country did many African Americans focus their efforts during the 1980s?
A) South Africa
B) Zimbabwe
C) Yugoslavia
D) Germany
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