

History of the Modern World Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive examination of global history from the late eighteenth century to the present, emphasizing major political, economic, social, and cultural transformations that have shaped the modern world. Students will explore key events such as the Industrial Revolution, the rise and fall of empires, world wars, decolonization, and the development of global institutions. By analyzing the causes and consequences of these changes, the course encourages a deeper understanding of how historical forces have created the interconnected world we live in today.
Recommended Textbook
The Worlds History Combined Volume 5th Edition by Howard Spodek
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24 Chapters
1320 Verified Questions
1320 Flashcards
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Page 2

Chapter 1: The Dry Bones Speak
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Sample Questions
Q1) Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey are best known for their work in ________.
A) Indonesia
B) Europe
C) China
D) Tanzania
Answer: D
Q2) In dating human remains,thermoluminescence uses ________.
A) skulls
B) burned flints
C) butchered bones
D) volcanic rock
Answer: B
Q3) The Chauvet caves are best known for their ________.
A) butchered human bones
B) murals
C) musical instruments
D) inclusion of Neanderthal and Homo sapiens bones
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: From Village Community to City-State
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Ubaidian culture of Mesopotamia illustrates the ________ of farming culture.
A) persistence
B) emergence
C) flexibility
D) vulnerability
Answer: D
Q2) The Bronze Age is distinguished from earlier periods primarily for its ________.
A) technologies
B) villages
C) agriculture
D) artworks
Answer: A
Q3) Which of these best characterizes the function of cylinder seals?
A) sending messages
B) recording quantities
C) certifying authenticity
D) recording a destination
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: River Valley Civilizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these best explains why the Indus valley civilization was first thought to have derived from Mesopotamian civilization?
A) The two civilizations were very similar.
B) The Indus valley civilization was much later than Mesopotamian civilization.
C) The two civilizations shared a writing system.
D) Mesopotamia was explored first.
Answer: D
Q2) Amenhotep IV is best known as the pharaoh that ________.
A) conquered Nubia
B) united upper and lower Egypt
C) first developed Egypt's irrigation system
D) developed the cult of Aten
Answer: D
Q3) The largest cities of the Indus Valley civilization contained about ________ people.
A) 40,000
B) 500,000
C) 8,000
D) 900,000
Answer: A
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Page 5

Chapter 4: A Polycentric World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jenne-jeno probably developed mainly as a ________.
A) royal capital
B) military encampment
C) religious center
D) commercial center
Q2) How did the dynasties of China differ from the dynasties of China?
Q3) In the map "Teotihuacán," the central axis highlights the focus of this city on
A) defense
B) irrigation
C) ceremony
D) warfare
Q4) Which of these patterns,followed by Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations,was broken by the earliest American civilizations?
A) capitals centered on massive monuments
B) development along rivers
C) the association of religious and political power
D) reliance on the development of agriculture
Q5) Was Jenne-jeno a city? Support your answer by comparison with other early urban centers.
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Chapter 5: Dawn of the Empires
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Assyrians used deportation to ________.
A) expand their territory
B) rid their empire of hostile peoples
C) strengthen the Assyrian economy
D) control conquered peoples
Q2) The Battle of Issus resulted in a victory for ________.
A) Macedon
B) Persia
C) Egypt
D) Athens
Q3) The Akkadian,Persian,and Macedonian empires illustrate a pattern of ________ in the Middle East.
A) hegemonic empires
B) empires based on dominance
C) ever-larger empires
D) foreign invasions
Q4) How can you explain the fame of Alexander's conquests? Is this fame deserved?
Q5) Compare the empires created by Assyrian and Egyptian rulers.What were their most important similarities and differences?
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Q6) What were the most important strengths and weaknesses of Persian rule?
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Chapter 6: Rome and the Barbarians
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Sample Questions
Q1) Roman praetors had primarily ________ functions.
A) judicial
B) commercial
C) military
D) religious
Q2) The ruins of Pompeii are unusual because ________.
A) they capture the city at a moment of time
B) Pompeii was the Roman capital
C) reveal information about the lower classes that is otherwise hard to discover
D) the ruins tell us a great deal about early Rome
Q3) The revolt of ________ from 73 to 71 B.C.E.was led by Spartacus.
A) Italians
B) slaves
C) Celts
D) plebeians
Q4) Like Augustus,Justinian was responsible for ________ in the Roman Empire.
A) civil war
B) religious innovation
C) ending invasions
D) extensive political reorganization

Page 8
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Chapter 7: China
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shi Huangdi was the first ruler of the ________ dynasty.
A) Han
B) Tang
C) Qin
D) Sui
Q2) Han'gul is the Korean ________.
A) version of Confucianism
B) literary style adopted from China
C) writing system
D) capital
Q3) The Qin dynasty oversaw a period of political ________.
A) fragmentation
B) chaos
C) revolution
D) consolidation
Q4) Daoism and Legalism were ________ Confucianism.
A) rejections of
B) variations on
C) alternatives to
D) spiritual branches of

Page 9
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Chapter 8: Indian Empires
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare the spread of Indian culture to sinicization.How were these similar and different?
Q2) Which of these is illustrated by Angkor Wat?
A) the spread of Indian culture to Southeast Asia
B) the dominance of Mahayana Buddhism in Asia
C) the end of the Srivijaya kingdom
D) Indian dominance in Southeast Asia
Q3) The largest region of southern India is the ________.
A) Indus valley
B) Punjab
C) Deccan
D) Ganges valley
Q4) The prominence of Sanskrit under the Guptas highlights that dynasty's ________ roots.
A) Kushana
B) Harappan
C) Hindu
D) Aryan
Q5) Discuss how we know about the Aryan immigrants into India and the strengths and weaknesses of these sources.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Hinduism and Buddhism
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mudra is a ________.
A) Buddhist temple
B) Hindu priest
C) Buddhist monk
D) symbolic hand gesture
Q2) Historically,in India caste has impacted ________.
A) public life
B) only one's occupation
C) every aspect of life
D) primarily worship
Q3) Which of these was the earliest form of Buddhism?
A) Theravada
B) Mahayana
C) Pure Land
D) Chan
Q4) Buddhism first spread to China during the ________ dynasty.
A) Tang
B) Qin
C) Han
D) Sui

Page 11
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Chapter 10: Judaism and Christianity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these was an influential pope around 600 C.E.?
A) Innocent III
B) Gregory I
C) Urban II
D) Leo IX
Q2) Which of these is accurately reflected in "Map of the world by Heinrich Bunting"?
A) the shape of Europe
B) the relative sizes of Europe and Africa
C) the place of Jerusalem near the meeting of three continents
D) the position of India in Asia
Q3) Early Christianity is best considered a(n)________.
A) alternative to Judaism
B) product of divisions with Judaism
C) branch of the Pharisees
D) political movement
Q4) Compare Judaism to one of the other religions studied so far.Especially consider the role of each outside of the strictly religious sphere.
Q5) How did its emergence in the Roman context help to mold Christianity?
Q6) Is Christianity a Jewish sect? Why or why not?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Islam
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these established an independent Egyptian state?
A) Umayyads
B) Abassids
C) Mongols
D) Fatimids
Q2) Muhammad was born into the ________ tribe.
A) Abbasid
B) Quraysh
C) Umayyad
D) Fatimid
Q3) In its first century,Islam was above all a ________ faith.
A) Persian
B) universal
C) Arab
D) Meccan
Q4) The five pillars of Islam are best characterized as Muslim ________.
A) beliefs
B) practices
C) organization
D) values

Page 13
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Chapter 12: Establishing World Trade Routes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal of transhumance is to ________.
A) give animals optimal grazing
B) move to cooler climates in the summer
C) take advantage of commercial opportunities
D) give animals exercise
Q2) The battle of Ain Jalut ended with a ________ defeat.
A) Mongol
B) Ottoman
C) Mamluk
D) Byzantine
Q3) The most common pattern in Chinese history was China as a(n)________.
A) innovator in overseas trade
B) ruler of international trade networks
C) goal of global traders
D) anchor for a trade diaspora
Q4) Which of these was a Mongol ruler of China?
A) Yung-lo
B) Zheng He
C) Osman I
D) Kubilai Khan

Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Opening of the Atlantic and the Pacific
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Sample Questions
Q1) In The Arnolfini Wedding Portrait,which of these is a focus in this double portrait?
A) piety
B) affluence
C) love
D) domestic happiness
Q2) Iceland and Newfoundland were settled by ________ in the ninth and tenth centuries.
A) Spaniards
B) the Dutch
C) Vikings
D) English
Q3) Which of these was a Muslim philosopher who was rediscovered in Europe during the Renaissance?
A) Maimonides
B) Peter Abelard
C) Saladin
D) Avicenna
Q4) Use The Triumph of Death to consider the different impacts of the Black Death on Europe.
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Chapter 14: The Unification of World Trade
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peter I (Peter the Great)began his reign in the ________ century.
A) nineteenth
B) fifteenth
C) seventeenth
D) thirteenth
Q2) What were the most important short-term and long-term impacts of the Protestant Reformation?
Q3) Akbar was ruler of the ________ Empire.
A) Mughal
B) Ottoman
C) Timurid
D) Safavid
Q4) Ivan III is best known for ________.
A) founding Kiev
B) ending serfdom in Russia
C) founding the Russian Orthodox Church
D) freeing Russia of Mongol rule
Q5) How did colonization and mercantilism work together? Were their goals mutually supportive or contradictory?
Page 16
Q6) How did the emergence of the nation-state change the nature of imperialism?
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Chapter 15: Migration
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Sample Questions
Q1) About ________ of the European population was killed by the Black Death.
A) one-half
B) one-tenth
C) one-third
D) three-quarters
Q2) Russian America is roughly the same as today's ________.
A) Canada
B) Oregon and Washington
C) Alaska
D) North American Pacific coast
Q3) The Columbian Exchange was the product of ________.
A) the peopling of the Americas
B) natural population increase
C) European conquests
D) the spread of disease among Amerindians
Q4) Which of these best characterizes the impact of the Columbian Exchange?
A) catastrophic but short-lived
B) minimal in most areas
C) significant, but primarily for the Americas
D) both profound and catastrophic
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Chapter 16: Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas
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Sample Questions
Q1) The philosophes are associated with what movement?
A) the scientific revolution
B) the Enlightenment
C) the Glorious Revolution
D) the French Revolution
Q2) The author of the Persian Letters was ________.
A) Denis Diderot
B) Voltaire
C) Montesquieu
D) René Descartes
Q3) Which of these men developed a sun-centered model of the universe in the 1500s?
A) Galileo Galilei
B) Tycho Brahe
C) Ptolemy
D) Johannes Kepler
Q4) The enlightened despots were conservative in their ________.
A) use of power
B) social policies
C) attitude towards intellectuals
D) administrations
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Chapter 17: The Industrial Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The British Corn Laws were supported by ________.
A) farmers
B) laborers
C) consumers
D) women
Q2) Which of these industries first emerged in the second Industrial Revolution?
A) iron
B) textile
C) chemical
D) nuclear power
Q3) Chose two elements of European or American society and compare how these two were impacted by the Industrial Revolution.
Q4) Which of these nations banned the international slave trade in 1807?
A) Britain
B) the United States
C) Spain
D) Brazil
Q5) Did urbanization in the 1800s continue earlier trends or represent new processes?
Q6) What were the most important impacts of the Industrial Revolution on politics?
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these was the guiding principle of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
A) extraterritoriality
B) European balance of power
C) self-determination for African nations
D) African nationalism
Q2) Nationalism tended to be destructive for ________ states such as ________.
A) large; Austria-Hungary
B) multiethnic; Ottoman Empire
C) Catholic; Poland
D) non-industrialized; Spain
Q3) Which of these was known as Britain's "jewel in the crown"?
A) England
B) India
C) Indonesia
D) South Africa
Q4) How did European imperialism change in the 1800s?
Q5) Compare two examples of nationalism that led to different outcomes.What do you consider the most important factors that changed the outcome?
Q6) Consider anticolonialism in the late 1800s.What form did it take,and how successful was it?
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Methods of Mass Production and Destruction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary goal of the European alliance systems formed in the late 1800s and early 1900s was ________.
A) partitioning Africa
B) dividing up the Ottoman Empire
C) challenging Britain's power
D) peace
Q2) World War I was triggered by the assassination of the next in line to the ________ throne.
A) Serbian
B) Austro-Hungarian
C) German
D) Russian
Q3) Which of these was a trigger for the American entry into World War I?
A) the German declaration of war
B) the Zimmerman telegram
C) the formation of the Allied Powers
D) the Russian revolution
Q4) How did World War I differ from earlier conflicts?
Q5) Examine the theme of "International Role Reversals" by comparing two countries whose global roles changed in the early 1900s.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: World War II
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Q1) Which of these is the name often given to the Roma who died in large numbers in German concentration camps?
A) gypsies
B) disabled people
C) Jews
D) Slavs
Q2) Consider two different groups that were affected differently by World War II and compare their experiences.
Q3) Hitler was motivated above all by ________.
A) socialism
B) nationalism
C) communism
D) Christianity
Q4) Which of these played a large role in motivating German and Italian fascism?
A) neocolonialism
B) revenge against the Allied Powers
C) the desire to industrialize
D) dissatisfaction with the outcome of World War I
Q5) Compare responses to World War II.How have they attempted to deal with the legacy of the war?
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Chapter
21: Cold War, New Nations, and Revolt Against Authority
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these Soviet leaders committed to a policy of crushing uprisings in satellite nations?
A) Mikhail Gorbachev
B) V.I. Lenin
C) Leonid Brezhnev
D) Nikita Khrushchev
Q2) The World Wildlife Fund is an example of a(n)________.
A) United Nations organization
B) nongovernmental organization
C) multinational corporation
D) transnational corporation
Q3) Which of these countries experienced the Prague Spring in 1968?
A) Poland
B) Czechoslovakia
C) Slovenia
D) Hungary
Q4) Compare two countries' decolonization experiences.How do you account for these differences?
Q6) What were the major factors that led to the Cold War? Page 23
Q5) How did the Cold War impact relations among American nations?
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Page 24

Chapter 22: China and India
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Q1) In 1947,India was partitioned into India and ________.
A) Bangladesh
B) Pakistan
C) Sri Lanka
D) Kashmir
Q2) Which of these shares a border with Pakistan and India and is claimed by both?
A) Bangladesh
B) Nepal
C) Sri Lanka
D) Kashmir
Q3) What were the most important factors leading to the communist victory in China?
Q4) B.R.Ambedkar is best known as an advocate of India's________.
A) Hindus
B) Jains
C) women
D) untouchables
Q5) What do you consider the most striking similarities between China and India around 1945?
Q6) In the context of millennia of Indian history,why was India unified in the twentieth century?
Page 25
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Chapter 23: Contemporary History: Evolution, Settlements, Politics,
and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the most important aspects of China's changing role in the world?
Q2) The Three Gorges Dam was built on the ________ River in 2012.
A) Indus
B) Yellow
C) Yangzi
D) Nile
Q3) The current Chinese premier is________.
A) Deng Xiaoping
B) Xi Jinping
C) Chou Enlai
D) Jiang Zemin
Q4) Which of these men came to power in Iran in 1979?
A) Muhammad Mussadeq
B) Ayatollah Khomeini
C) Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
D) Ayatollah Sayyid Khameini
Q5) How has our understanding of evolution changed in the last 100 years?
Q7) How has the end of the Cold War changed international politics? Page 26
Q6) What are the most important ways that urbanization has changed since the emergence of the first Neolithic cultures?
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Chapter 24: Trade,Revolution,Technology,Identity
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Q1) Unlike apartheid in South Africa,caste in India is ________.
A) more persistent
B) untouched by reforms
C) based on race
D) a legacy of colonization
Q2) Muhammad Yunus is celebrated for his work in ________.
A) the green revolution
B) ending homelessness
C) microfinance
D) gay rights
Q3) Separatist movements seek independence to create ________.
A) democracies
B) theocracies
C) nation-states
D) empires
Q4) What are the key issues in attempts to address the problem of greenhouse gas emissions?
Q5) Consider nationalist movements in the last decades.How do they differ from earlier nationalist movements of the 1800s and early 1900s?
Page 28
Q6) How does globalization differ from earlier global trade networks?
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