History of the American Republic Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the political, social, economic, and cultural development of the United States from its colonial foundations through the modern era. Students will examine the formation and evolution of American democracy, the impacts of significant events such as the American Revolution, Civil War, industrialization, and the civil rights movements, as well as the nation's interactions on the global stage. Emphasis is placed on understanding the diverse experiences and perspectives that have shaped the American Republic and the ongoing process of redefining national identity.
Recommended Textbook
The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic Volume I To 1877 9th Edition by David
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M. Kennedy
Chapter 1: New World Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where was early Native American (Indian)civilization least developed?
A) North America
B) Mexico
C) Central America
D) Peru
E) Latin America
Answer: A
Q2) How did the Christian crusaders play an indirect role in the discovery of America by Europeans?
A) Their victory over the Muslims freed up funds for travel.
B) They created a European taste for Asian silk, drugs, perfumes, sugar, and spices.
C) They succeeded in establishing improved business relations between Muslims and Christians.
D) They returned with captured Muslim maps showing the North and South American continents, piquing their interests in other parts of the world.
E) They developed an interest in inter-religious dialogue.
Answer: B
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Q1) Sugar was called a rich man's crop for several reasons.Which statement does NOT identify one of these reasons?
A) It had to be planted extensively.
B) It required the clearing of much land.
C) It could be purchased only by the wealthy.
D) It required an elaborate refining process.
E) It was a capital-intensive agricultural business.
Answer: C
Q2) By 1750,the southern plantation colonies were characterized by all of the following except
A) They based their economies on the production of staple crops for export.
B) They practiced slavery.
C) They provided tax support for the Church of England.
D) They had few large cities.
E) They were still home to large populations of indigenous Indians.
Answer: E
Q3) "starving time"
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q4) Roanoke Island
Answer: Answers will vary.
4
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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies,1619-1700
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Q1) Which factor represented a first tentative step toward colonial unity in the mid-seventeenth century?
A) Dominion of New England
B) New England Confederation
C) Fundamental Orders
D) Institutes of Christian Religion
E) Mayflower Compact
Answer: B
Q2) In Calvinist theology,the "converted" were expected
A) become missionaries and try to convert others.
B) participate in crusades against the Catholic Church.
C) withdraw from political and economic life.
D) be above ordinary moral codes.
E) demonstrate holy, "sanctified" lives and behavior.
Answer: E
Q3) "Penn's Woodland"
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q4) "Bible Commonwealth"
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth
Century,1607-1692
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Q1) Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by
A) young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land.
B) the planter class of Virginia.
C) those protesting the increased importation of African slaves.
D) radical political ideologues.
E) the displaced Virginia Indians.
Q2) Thomas Jefferson once observed that "the best school of political liberty the world ever saw" was the
A) College of William and Mary.
B) Virginia House of Burgesses.
C) New England town meeting.
D) Chesapeake plantation system.
E) English parliament.
Q3) Which do you think was the main cause of Bacon's Rebellion: resentment felt by backcountry farmers,Governor Berkeley's Indian policies,or the pressure of the tobacco economy? Justify your choice.
Q4) merchant-planters
Q5) The Scarlet Letter
Q6) headright system
Q7) "chattels" Page 6
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Chapter
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Q1) Transportation in colonial America was
A) surprisingly fast for the time.
B) safer by road than by any other means.
C) slow by any of the means available.
D) enhanced by the introduction of the Pony Express.
E) most hazardous on the waterways.
Q2) Lord Cornbury
Q3) Identify the statement that is FALSE.
A) The population of the thirteen colonies, mainly Anglo-Saxon, was the least ethnically mixed to be found anywhere in the world.
B) The South, holding about 90 percent of the slaves, displayed its historic black-and-white racial composition.
C) New England, mostly staked out by the original Puritan migrants, showed the least ethnic diversity.
D) The Middle Colonies received the bulk of later white immigrants and boasted the most variety of people.
E) In 1775, outside of New England, about one-half the population was non-English.
Q4) New York slave revolt
Page 8
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Chapter 6: The Duel for North America,1608-1763
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Q1) Unlike any of the first three Anglo-French wars,the French and Indian War
A) won territorial concessions from France.
B) united British colonists in strong support of the mother country.
C) began on the North American continent.
D) found the Indians fighting largely on the British and American side.
E) resulted in a stronger French presence in North America.
Q2) Where and when did France plant its first permanent settlement in the New World?
A) Nova Scotia in 1594
B) New Orleans in 1718
C) Fort Duquesne in 1756
D) Québec in 1608
E) Detroit in 1631
Q3) King George´s War (War of the Austrian Succession)
Q4) The French gained control of Louisiana because they
A) preferred its climate.
B) saw New Orleans as a potential center of French culture.
C) regarded it as a way to command the mouth of the Mississippi and keep the Spanish in check.
D) hoped to spread Catholicism throughout the Mississippi Valley.
E) saw it as a new center for the fur trade.
Page 9
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Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution 1763-1775
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Q1) Given that the Quebec Act did not apply to the thirteen seaboard colonies,why did the act create such a stir of protest among them?
Q2) Charles ("Champagne Charley")Townshend
Q3) Which act of colonial resistance relied on exchanging letters to build a broad-based anti-British movement?
A) The Boston Massacre
B) The Boston and other tea parties
C) The committees of correspondence
D) The Sons and Daughters of Liberty
E) The Stamp Act Congress
Q4) What did advocates claim was essential to the success of a republican form of government?
A) A powerful central government
B) The absence of a permanent military establishment
C) A strong aristocratic tradition
D) The right of every citizen to vote
E) The willingness of all citizens to subordinate their private interests to the common good
Q5) "no taxation without representation"
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Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire,1775-1783
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Q1) The key resolution - "These United Colonies are,and of right ought to be,free and independent states..." - was introduced into the Second Continental Congress by delegate
A) Patrick Henry.
B) Thomas Jefferson.
C) Richard Henry Lee.
D) Thomas Paine.
E) John Adams.
Q2) John Paul Jones
Q3) Common Sense
Q4) John ("Gentleman Johnny")Burgoyne
Q5) King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after
A) the armed clash at Lexington and Concord.
B) the First Continental Congress convened.
C) the Battle of Bunker Hill.
D) the capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point.
E) the hiring Hessian solders to fight in America.
Q6) Joseph Brant
Q7) privateers
Q8) Iroquois Confederacy
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Chapter 9: The Confederation and the Constitution,1776-1790
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Q1) Protestant Episcopal Church
Q2) Patrick Henry
Q3) disestablish
Q4) popular sovereignty
Q5) Why did the Founders largely avoid addressing the question of whether to end slavery?
A) They did not see it as a crucial issue for their new democracy.
B) They feared a fight over slavery might destroy national unity.
C) They were more concerned with securing equality for white men and women.
D) They expected that the North would come to rely more heavily on slave labor.
E) They knew the country depended on slavery and might not economically thrive without it.
Q6) extensive republic
Q7) Thomas Jefferson
Q8) Land Ordinance of 1785
Q9) bicameral
Q10) federalists Page 12
Q11) runaway inflation
Q12) In what ways does post-Revolutionary America live up to the ideals of liberty and equality? In what ways does it fall short?
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Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State,1789-1800
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Q1) What did the United States gain in Pinckney's Treaty?
A) France agreed to end the Franco-American alliance of 1778.
B) The Miami Confederacy conceded territory in what became Ohio and Indiana.
C) Britain agreed to release all American sailors held by its navy.
D) Spain gave the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River and disputed territory north of Florida.
E) The Dutch agreed to forgive all American government debts.
Q2) XYZ affair
Q3) French Revolution
Q4) Which American foreign policy tradition did Washington's Neutrality Proclamation help establish?
A) The "good neighbor" policy
B) Multilateralism
C) The "open door" policy
D) Isolationism
E) Realpolitik
Q5) District of Columbia
Q6) compact theory
Q7) Franco-American alliance of 1778
Q8) two-party system
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Chapter
11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic,1800-1812
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Q1) Orders in Council
Q2) "peaceful coercion"
Q3) Thomas Jefferson believed that under the Federalists virtue had A) decayed.
B) blossomed.
C) been only adequately defended.
D) proved its worth as a national value.
E) masked the underlying problems of republicanism.
Q4) James Monroe
Q5) The Orders in Council were issued by the London government to A) bar France from trading with the United States.
B) close all French-owned ports to foreign shipping unless ships stopped at a British port first.
C) ban American trade through New Orleans.
D) encourage pirate attacks on American ships in British waters.
E) seize Napoleon's merchant ships.
Q6) Albert Gallatin
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Q7) How did political realities as well as opportunities force Jefferson to ignore on occasion his own deeply held principles during his presidency?
Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge
of Nationalism,1812-1824
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Q1) Erie Canal
Q2) Dartmouth College v.Woodward
Q3) One of the West's persistent political demands was for
A) a strong gold-back monetary system.
B) a stronger Bank of the United States.
C) cheap money issued by unregulated banks.
D) federal aid to agriculture.
E) a homestead act offering free land to settlers.
Q4) panic of 1819
Q5) The panic of 1819
A) was the dark prelude to the "Era of Good Feelings."
B) was particularly damaging to the Northeast.
C) caused Henry Clay´s American System programs to be repealed.
D) aroused criticism of the practice of imprisoning debtors.
E) sparked a national movement for currency and banking reform.
Q6) How much was sectionalism manifest in every part of the nation during the 1810s and 1820s? Along with the particularly divisive issue of slavery,where else can we see sectional fault lines in these years?
Q7) "The Star-Spangled Banner"
Q8) Gibbons v.Ogden
Page 16
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Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy 1824-1840
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Q1) "King Mob"
Q2) Most of the early American settlers in Texas came from
A) New England.
B) the South and Southwest.
C) the Old Northwest.
D) New Mexico.
E) the Ohio Territory.
Q3) What united members of the diverse Whig party in the group's early days?
A) Hatred of Andrew Jackson
B) Support for the American System
C) Support for the Bank of the United States
D) Resistance to westward expansion the spread of slavery
E) Opposition to the tariff
Q4) Americans who moved to Texas defied which aspect of their agreement with Mexico?
A) That they arrive as families
B) That they abstain from alcohol
C) That they do not bring slaves into Mexico
D) That they denounce Spain
E) That they agree to dual citizenship
Q5) Alamo
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Chapter 14: Forging the National Economy,1790-1860
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Q1) ten-hour day
Q2) domestic feminism
Q3) German immigrants to the United States
A) quickly became a powerful political force.
B) left their homeland to escape economic hardships and autocratic government.
C) were as poor as the Irish.
D) were generally welcomed by native-born Americans.
E) were almost all Catholics.
Q4) The Irish immigrants to early-nineteenth-century America
A) were almost all Roman Catholics.
B) tended to settle on western farmlands.
C) were warmly welcomed by American workers.
D) identified and sympathized with American free blacks.
E) were often members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA).
Q5) The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860
A) put an end to the frontier era.
B) contributed to a decline in the birthrate.
C) resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities.
D) forced the federal government to slow immigration.
E) created sharp political conflict between farmers and urbanites.
Page 19
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Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture,1790-1860
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Q1) Maine Law of 1851
Q2) Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There
Q3) Lucy Stone
Q4) Most of the utopian communities in pre-1860s America held ____ as one of their founding ideals.
A) sexual freedom
B) pacifism
C) religious fundamentalism
D) feminism
E) cooperative social and economic practices
Q5) lyceum
Q6) Peter Cartwright
Q7) How do the Knickerbocker group,Hudson River school,and the transcendentalists all reflect the "nationalism" of early-nineteenth-century America? What particularly "American" values did each express?
Q8) Joseph Smith
Q9) Why did the communitarian movement flourish in the early nineteenth century? What were communitarians trying to prove? Why did most fail?
20
Q10) minstrel shows
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Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery
Controversy,1793-1860
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Questions
Q1) William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to
A) shipping freed blacks back to Africa.
B) a gradual emancipation of all southern slaves.
C) preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the South.
D) forming an antislavery political party.
E) the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.
Q2) The Liberator
Q3) The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was
A) a recognition of blacks' desire to preserve their culture.
B) never carried out.
C) advocated by Frederick Douglass.
D) proposed by the African nation of Liberia.
E) an expression of widespread American racism.
Q4) In the 1830s the abolitionist movement took on new momentum and energy,encouraged by the
A) British abolition of slavery in the British West Indies.
B) widespread fear of slave revolts after Nat Turner's rebellion.
C) success of the American Colonization Society.
D) growing movement of voluntary emancipation by slave masters.
E) growing political strength of the antislavery Liberty party.
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Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy,1841-1848
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Q1) Oregon fever
Q2) The Mexican War resulted in
A) a tripling of the territorial size of the United States.
B) combat experience for those who would lead the armies in the Civil War.
C) an embarrassing show of America´s poor naval capabilities.
D) friendlier relations between the United States and Latin American nations.
E) a temporary lull in sectional tensions over slavery.
Q3) John Tyler joined the Whig party primarily because he
A) saw a chance to become the party's nominee for vice president.
B) resented the dictatorial tactics of Andrew Jackson.
C) was forced to resign from the Senate.
D) believed in its pro-bank position.
E) believed it better represented Virginia's interests.
Q4) Which U.S.military commander proved to be the most distinguished in battle during the Mexican-American War?
A) Nicholas P. Trist
B) Stephen W. Kearny
C) John C. Frémont
D) Zachary Taylor
E) Winfield Scott
Page 22
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Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle,1848-1854
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Q1) In the first few years after the election of 1848,the South could count among its strengths
A) a majority in President Taylor´s cabinet and on the Supreme Court.
B) a majority in the House of Representatives.
C) a president loudly in favor of slavery´s expansion.
D) a dramatic decline in the abolitionist movement.
E) a new railroad connecting it to the Pacific Coast.
Q2) The South grew increasingly worried about the future of slavery because
A) it was unsuited to the West.
B) the admission of California might permanently tip the political balance against them.
C) the Supreme Court might issue rulings against slavery.
D) President Zachary Taylor was the first president openly critical of slavery.
E) popular sovereignty would almost certainly prevent the spread of slavery.
Q3) The "young guard" of Congressmen from the North
A) regarded preserving the Union as their top priority.
B) were ready to attack slavery in the South.
C) saw expansionism as a solution to the slavery question.
D) gave support to John C. Calhoun's plan for rescuing the Union.
E) were more interested in purifying the Union than saving it.
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Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion,1854-1861
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Q1) Stephen A.Douglas
Q2) Crittenden amendments
Q3) William H.Seward
Q4) New England Emigrant Aid Company
Q5) Lawrence,Kansas
Q6) After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry,the South concluded that
A) there was imminent danger of a massive slave uprising.
B) the U.S. army could not protect slavery.
C) Brown should be put in an insane asylum.
D) all abolitionists should be criminally prosecuted as conspirators.
E) the North was dominated by "Brown-loving" Republicans.
Q7) "Tom shows"
Q8) In the North,the panic of 1857 created calls for
A) an end to the gold standard and dependence on British investment.
B) the prohibition of slavery in the territories.
C) price supports for farmers.
D) federal regulation of land and stock speculation.
E) free homesteads and higher tariffs.
Q9) American (Know-Nothing)Party
Q10) The Impending Crisis of the South Page 24
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Chapter 20: Girding for War: The North and the
South,1861-1865
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Q1) Northern advantages at the outset of the Civil War included
A) strong morale based on the aims of self-determination and self-preservation.
B) more banks, factories, railroads, and people.
C) an experienced president.
D) a young male population prepared for military service.
E) better military leadership.
Q2) The North's greatest strength in the Civil War was its A) ethnic unity.
B) military leadership.
C) navy.
D) moral commitment to antislavery.
E) economy.
Q3) West Virginia
Q4) Robert E.Lee
Q5) Laird rams
Q6) Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
Q7) U.S.Sanitary Commission
Q8) Jefferson Davis
Q9) Homestead Act Page 26
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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War,1861-1865
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Q1) Among the casualties of the Civil War were
A) the cultural and economic differences between the North and the South.
B) presidential and, more generally, federal power.
C) the disruptive specters of nullification and secession.
D) democratic ideals.
E) the war-ravaged economies of the North and South.
Q2) Why did the failure of McClellan's Peninsula Campaign actually alter the character and outcome of the Civil War? Would slavery have survived if the war had ended in 1862 with a Union victory by McClellan?
Q3) The back-to-back Union victories at _____ turned the tide permanently against the South by preventing foreign aid and reopening the Mississippi to Northern trade.
A) Gettysburg and Vicksburg
B) Antietam and Vicksburg
C) Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
D) Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
E) Mobile and Atlanta
Q4) Jefferson Davis
Q5) Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction)
Q6) A.E.Burnside
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Chapter
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Q1) Under congressional Reconstruction,southern states were required to
A) elect officials from the Republican party.
B) ratify the Fifteenth Amendment.
C) give freed slaves the right to vote.
D) provide land and an education for former slaves.
E) protect black religious freedom.
Q2) During Reconstruction,African American women
A) were active publicly only in black church life.
B) tried to persuade their male kin to avoid the corruption of party politics.
C) became so active in politics that the only role left to men was as voters.
D) assumed a range of new political roles.
E) voted in large numbers.
Q3) scalawags
Q4) "Redeemer" regimes
Q5) For ex-slaves,the Black Codes
A) drove them to leave the South in huge numbers.
B) meant a welcome system of employment.
C) provided much needed education.
D) represented a new start.
E) imposed terrible burdens of mistreatment and poverty.
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