History of Philosophy
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Course Introduction
The History of Philosophy course offers an in-depth exploration of the key philosophical ideas, movements, and figures that have shaped human thought from ancient times to the modern era. Students will examine the origins and development of Western philosophy, beginning with the pre-Socratic thinkers and progressing through classical philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle, medieval scholars like Augustine and Aquinas, and influential modern philosophers including Descartes, Kant, and Nietzsche. The course emphasizes the historical context in which philosophical arguments emerged and evolved, fostering an understanding of how philosophical inquiry has influenced cultural, scientific, and ethical perspectives throughout history.
Recommended Textbook
Philosophy A Text with Readings 12th Edition by Manuel Velasquez
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9 Chapters
431 Verified Questions
431 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Nature of Philosophy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who wrote: "Freedom is not caprice,nor is Karma necessity."
A) Plato
B) Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
C) Viktor Frankl
D) Buddha Answer: B
Q2) Moulton and Lloyd claim that philosophy is a male activity with a male bias.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) ____________________ is the study of morality. Answer: Ethics
Q4) Crito was unwilling to help Socrates escape from jail.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q5) Monotheism is the belief that there is just ____________________ ____________________.
Answer: one God
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Chapter 2: Human Nature
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Plato,humans can control their appetites and aggressive impulses through the use of their ____________________.
Answer: reason
Q2) What philosopher argued that the mind could be reduced to the physical actions of the material body?
A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Rene Descartes
C) Gottfried Leibniz
D) Nicolas Malebranche
Answer: A
Q3) Do you believe that there is a "you" to whom this question is addressed? Explain your answer.
Answer: Yes, I believe that there is a "you" to whom this question is addressed. The "you" refers to the individual reading or hearing the question and considering their own beliefs and perspectives. Each person has their own consciousness and sense of self, so there is indeed a "you" to whom this question is directed. This question prompts introspection and self-reflection, acknowledging the existence of an individual with thoughts, beliefs, and experiences.
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Chapter 3: Reality and Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which view is the heir of pragmatism and idealism?
A) Materialism
B) Irrealism
C) Antirealism
D) Immaterialism
Answer: C
Q2) Hobbes believed that there was more to the Universe than measureable mater.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Hobbes believed that our mental states are states of our brain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The City of God was written by ____________________. Answer: Augustine
Q5) The neutrino has no mass,no electric charge,and no magnetic field.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Philosophy, Religion, and God
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dembski argued that anything with "specified complexity" has to be produced by an intelligent being.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An argument by analogy is a(n)
A) deductive argument.
B) inductive argument.
C) valid argument.
D) sound argument.
Q3) Tillich contends that instead of viewing God as a being we should view him as
Q4) Hindu thought has been primarily influenced by Bhagavad-Gita,or
Q5) Samsara ends with ____________________.
Q6) Aquinas contended that there could be no
in the casual sequences of the universe.
Q7) The Second Noble Truth identifies the source of the suffering that we experience in living as ____________________.
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Chapter 5: The Sources of Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) What philosopher argues that space and time are structures within our minds?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) David Hume
C) John Locke
D) Gottfried Leibniz
Q2) Critical realists hold that only ____________________ ____________________ is present in the consciousness of objects.
Q3) ____________________ developed the view that is now known as transcendental idealism.
Q4) What,according to Shankara,was real?
A) The self
B) The world
C) Ultimate reality
D) Ultimate knowledge
Q5) In what way does Descartes' rationalism require the existence of a benevolent God? Do you believe that Descartes has successfully established the existence of this God,or do you think that his arguments for God's existence are circular,resting as they do on his "clear and distinct" perceptions whose veridicality seems to be given by God's benevolence?
Q6) Locke held that ____________________ qualities are subjective.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Truth
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Sample Questions
Q1) C.G.Hempel rejected the coherentist view of truth.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Vatsyayana accepted which view of truth?
A) Rationalism
B) Foundationalism
C) Correspondence
D) Pragmatism
Q3) The view that truth is an agreement between a proposition and some facts in the world is the ____________________ theory of truth.
Q4) What philosopher wrote: "The world is the totallity of facts,not of things."?
A) Thomas Aquinas
B) Hans-Georg Gadamer
C) Ludwig Wittgenstein
D) Wilhelm Dilthey
Q5) Do you believe that knowledge is justified true belief? Why,or why not? In answering this question you should draw on the work of both Gettier and Plato.
Q6) ____________________ hold that truth adds nothing to our statements.
Q7) Bertrand Russell endorsed the ____________________ theory of truth.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Ethics
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Q1) What philosopher argues that sexual activities are unnatural and immoral when they deny a basic good without necessity and do so for the sake of sexual pleasure?
A) John Finnis
B) James Rachel
C) Donald Levy
D) Jeremy Bentham
Q2) Aristotle argued that (true) ____________________ is based on two people's mutual recognition of the goodness of the other.
Q3) What philosopher argues that sexual acts that exclude the possibility of procreation are "unnatural" and therefore morally wrong?
A) Donald Levy
B) John Finnis
C) Thomas Aquinas
D) James Rachel
Q4) Do you believe that an Aristotelian virtue ethicist is committed to being concerned with the virtue of caring? If so,in what way would Aristotle's views need to be revised¾if at all? If not,explain why not.
Q5) Bentham developed a(n)____________________ calculus.
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Chapter 8: Social and Political Philosophy
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Q1) Do you believe that liberty is always a good thing for people to have,or not? Explain your answer,and outline what sort of a state it might lead you to endorse.
Q2) Which two needs does Hobbes believes drive human action?
A) Personal gain and love of others
B) Personal gain and survival
C) Love of others and survival
D) Love of others and desire for peace
Q3) Which of the following is a concept in John Rawl's philosophy that is similar to the concept of the "state of nature"?
A) the original position
B) the natural law
C) social utility
D) natural rights
Q4) God's decrees for the governance of the universe was termed by Aquinas divine or ____________________ law.
Q5) Hobbes believed that the authority of the state was justified.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Leviathan was written by ____________________.
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Chapter 9: Postscript: The Meaning of Life
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Q1) Karl Marx denied that history showed progress.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For Marx,the perfect future world would be a(n)____________________ society.
Q3) The ____________________ ____________________,such as Ayer and Carnap,held that the question of whether life has any meaning was itself meaningless.
Q4) R.M.Hare argues that nihilism is mistaken.
A)True
B)False
Q5) For Kierkegaard,the meaning of life is objective.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Hegel called the modern nations the ____________________ nations.
Q7) Do you believe that there are limits on subjective meaning? Are there certain activities that are objectively pointless,even if someone values them highly? If you believe that there are such limits on subjective meaning,explain how we can determine them.If you believe that there are not,would you say that a person who was delusional could have a meaningful life?
Q8) Schopenhauer held that all good things are ____________________.
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