History of Modern Europe
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course examines the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments that have shaped Europe from the late eighteenth century to the present day. It explores key historical events such as the French and Industrial Revolutions, the rise and fall of empires, the World Wars, and the Cold War, while analyzing their impact on European society and global relations. Through primary sources, scholarly interpretations, and case studies, students gain a comprehensive understanding of modernization, nationalism, totalitarianism, democratization, and European integration, fostering a nuanced perspective on contemporary Europe and its historical roots.
Recommended Textbook Making Europe The Story of the West 2nd Edition by Frank L. Kidner
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Chapter 1: The Origins of Western Civilization in the Ancient
Near East,3000-1200 BCE
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Q1) The main emphasis of Minoan economy was A) conquest.
B) trade.
C) hiring out their ships.
D) pastoralism.
E) agriculture.
Answer: B
Q2) The first woman to rule in Egypt was A) Hatshepsut.
B) Innana.
C) Nitocris.
D) Cleopatra.
E) Nefertiti.
Answer: C
Q3) Both the Egyptian and Sumerian calendar of 360 days was based on a lunar calendar.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Q1) Early Assyrians settled around which river?
A) Tigris
B) Euphrates
C) Nile
D) Jordan
E) Rubicon
Answer: A
Q2) The strongest of the successor states to the Assyrian Empire was the newly commercial state of Egypt.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem was accomplished by
A) Halofernes.
B) Cyrus the Great.
C) Nebuchadnezzar.
D) Ashurbanipal.
E) Hammurabi.
Answer: C
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Q1) The year 776 B.C.E.is significant for the
A) end of the Trojan War.
B) first Olympics in honor of Zeus.
C) first meeting of the Athenian assembly.
D) start of the Persian Wars.
E) destruction of Crete.
Answer: B
Q2) Agriculture in Sparta was done by
A) boys around age 7, first inducted into the military.
B) women who were not married.
C) a domestically-stationed army of hoplites
D) slaves known as helots.
E) all members of Spartan society for the good of the army.
Answer: D
Q3) Solon's reforms ended debt slavery in Athens.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: From Polis To Cosmopolis: The Hellenistic
World,387-30 BCE
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Q1) Hippocrates believed that most illnesses were caused by diet or environment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The standard language used for commerce and intellectual discussion in the Hellenistic era was
A) English
B) Aramaic.
C) Koine
D) Demotic.
E) Persian.
Q3) As a result of their discomfort due to cultural displacement,many Greeks looked to ____ to regain control in their lives.
A) building a powerful army
B) promoting Greek philosophy as the triumph of the western world
C) athletic prowess and personal fitness
D) embracing a multicultural perspective
E) religion
Q4) From the more Hellenistic perspective,analyze the transition in the Greek world from polis to cosmopolis.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Rise of Rome,753-27 BCE
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Q1) Roman social orders were divided into the
A) patricians and patriarchs.
B) plebians and optimates.
C) consuls and tribunes.
D) patricians and plebians.
E) equestrians and senators.
Q2) Who were Romulus and Remus?
A) The two Spartan kings who ruled the northern and southern peninsulas of Italy.
B) Mythologic twin sons of Mars who came to rule Rome.
C) Dualistic gods who were chosen by the Latins.
D) Satraps put in power by Darius the Great as Persia expanded westward.
E) Brothers from the Antigonid dynasty after the collapse of the Alexandrian Empire.
Q3) The final conflict between Octavian and Marc Antony was the Battle of A) Lepidus.
B) Philippi.
C) Zama.
D) Actium.
E) Charonaea.
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Q1) How could a person in the provinces be granted Roman citizenship?
A) learning to speak Latin.
B) rejecting Christianity
C) serving in the military for 25 years.
D) settling on latifundia along disputed borders to hold the land.
E) an annual lottery.
Q2) Which of the following did Augustus not accomplish as emperor?
A) construction of the Roman Peace
B) creation of a frontier defense
C) control of the army
D) creation of the Roman principate
E) legalization of Christianity
Q3) Paul was later able to avoid crucifixion as his death sentence because he A) was a delator.
B) recanted his conversion.
C) was a Roman citizen.
D) was made a public example.
E) was of noble birth.
Q4) What accounts for changes in the population of slaves in the Roman Empire?
Q5) What was the significance of the Roman Peace and what did it accomplish?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Late Antiquity,284-527
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Q1) The Church of the Holy Sepulcher was founded by Constantine's mother,Helen.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Saint Patrick of England converted which group to Christianity?
A) the Franks
B) the Goths
C) the Irish
D) the Scottish
E) the Swedish
Q3) Why did Constantine create a new capital city?
A) To keep a closer eye on the church.
B) The barbarians were overrunning western Europe and it was more prudent to retreat.
C) The sources necessary for economic and population support were located in the East.
D) The location of Constantinople was much easier to defend than Rome.
E) So he could build an entirely Christian city with new churches, untainted by polytheism.
Q4) What role did the coloni play in the Late Empire? How did their social standing change,and was the change entirely negative?
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Q1) One segment of Justinian's Code of Law prescribed different social status between
A) slave and free man.
B) clergy and laity.
C) Christian and Jew.
D) Arab and European.
E) men and women.
Q2) Between the sixth and eighth centuries,the primary means of a person's identity was rooted in what?
A) language
B) geographic location
C) legal status
D) religion
E) occupation
Q3) Emperor Heraclius never fully reclaimed lands lost to the Persians.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What evidence can you point to for a decline in the middle Byzantine period?
Q5) What were the significant military reforms made in the Byzantine Middle Period?
Q6) How do Islam and Christianity differ in political,religious,and social terms?
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Chapter 9: The Kingdoms of Western Europe,500-1000
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Q1) A more accurate characterization of the Merovingian kings would be
A) absolute authorities.
B) imperial leaders.
C) warrior chieftains.
D) puppet rulers.
E) vassals of the Byzantines.
Q2) What was a significant problem within the Frankish kingdoms in ensuring political stability?
A) The king not naming a successor.
B) The expectation of proving one's military prowess to earn the title.
C) Obtaining a consensus of the noble families for who should lead.
D) Equally dividing up the territory among all sons.
E) Exclusion of daughters from the lines of inheritance.
Q3) What was the first area to rebound from the declining economy?
A) port cities that could trade with Muslim countries
B) the Frankish kingdoms
C) Britain
D) monasteries
E) isolated rural areas not involved in secular warfare
Q4) Why were the Vikings so problematic for western Europe?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The High Middle Ages,1000-1300
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Q1) The most prestigious school of law in the Middle Ages was in A) Genoa.
B) London.
C) Paris.
D) Bologna.
E) Amsterdam.
Q2) Who were the members of the Teutonic Knights?
A) Monk-knights who established a headquarters in the former temple of Solomon.
B) German merchants who set up a hospital.
C) Italian maritime tradesmen who provided ships to reach Jerusalem.
D) Dedicated volunteers who secured Syria as a Crusader State.
E) Slave traders who followed the Crusaders into siege and captured the conquered.
Q3) Pope Urban II's call for the Crusades was spread throughout Europe by A) papal decree.
B) monks.
C) knights.
D) royal messengers.
E) troubadors.
Q4) What were the effects of the agricultural transformation in the Middle Ages?
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Chapter 11: Reversals and Disasters,1300-1450
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Q1) The Great Schism was the division of the Eastern and Western Christian churches in 1054.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who ran one of the most significant centers of trade on the Baltic?
A) Medici family.
B) Dutch crediters.
C) Florentine burghers.
D) Hanseatic League
E) Flanders merchant's guild.
Q3) After 1482,Sephardim Jews were allowed to remain in Spain if they wore badges of identification in public.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One of the reasons that the English supported the war more than the French was A) a sense of outrage at France's tradition of Salic law.
B) Edward III did not impose taxes to pay for war.
C) the French wanted to cut ties between England and France.
D) the English army was offering land to foot soldiers who served in France.
E) Edward III held public pageants to celebrate victory.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Renaissance in Italy and Northern
Europe,1350-1550
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Q1) Aldus Manutius invented the movable type font that promoted wide publication of texts in the fifteenth century.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Oil paintings in the Flemish style were characterized by the sparse use of objects.
A)True
B)False
Q3) At the end of the fifteenth century,the strongest power in the East was A) Bohemia.
B) Poland-Lithuania.
C) Moscow.
D) Hungary.
E) the Ottoman Empire.
Q4) How was the image of chivalric tradition transmitted in the fifteenth century,and to what purpose?
Q5) What was the political structure of the Italian states during the Renaissance?
Q6) Desiderius Erasmus translated the bible into Greek and Latin A)True B)False
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Chapter 13: Europes Age of Expansion, 1450 1550
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Q1) What did nobles find objectionable about the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon?
A) They demanded Catholicism be the only religion in Spain.
B) Their marriage unified Spain as a country.
C) They insisted on absolute rule.
D) Nobility was excluded from a direct role in government.
E) They refused a Constitutional monarchy.
Q2) Henry VIII of England sought to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon because he wanted to overthrow Catholicism in England.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Antwerp served as a transfer point for which of the following goods?
A) Textiles (especially wool)
B) Grain
C) Timber
D) Metals
E) All of these products flowed through Antwerp.
Q4) Compare the emergence of centralized monarchies in Spain,England,and France in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
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Q1) Why did many couples in Germany believe that sexual relations could begin when an engagement had been announced?
A) Because marriage was no longer seen as a sacrament.
B) Because as long as the bann had been announced, it was recognition enough of commitment.
C) To prevent any obstacle to pregnancy
D) Because in the Middle Ages, many peasants did not have access to formal recognition of marriage.
E) Because many women would die in childbirth.
Q2) According to Calvin,what were the signs from God that a person was a member of "the elect"?
A) Hard work and thrift
B) Accumulation of wealth
C) Successful completion of education
D) Pilgrimages and dedication to relief of the poor
E) You would never know and must live an exemplary life just in case.
Q3) What role did Erasmus play in the Reformation?
Q4) How did the Reformation in England differ from that of continental Europe?
Q5) Explain the way Christianity dealt with taking care of the poor.
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Chapter 15: A Century of Crisis,1550-1650
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Q1) What religion were the Polish Cossacks trying to protect?
A) Catholicism
B) Judaism
C) Protestantism
D) Russian Orthodoxy
E) Ukrainian Uniate
Q2) Which of the following was not a factor in the rise of Dutch economic success?
A) A trade arrangement with Poland for grain
B) An alliance with England for exploration in the Indies
C) Fishing off the North Sea
D) The Calvinist work ethic known as the calling
E) A diversified economy split between agriculture and industry
Q3) Among the New World crops brought back to Europe,which became a staple crop in northern Europe?
A) maize
B) potatoes
C) rice
D) wheat
E) beans
Q4) How did the nature of war change over the course of the seventeenth century?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: State-Building and the European State System,1648-1789
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Q1) Frederick II of Prussia supported the right of Maria Theresa to rule Austria in the War of Austrian Succession.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Catherine the Great was neither Russian nor legally entitled to the throne of Russia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Leopold was finally successful in defeating the Ottomans as defined in which Treaty?
A) Carlowitz
B) Saztmár
C) Bucharest
D) Vienna
E) Rákóczi
Q4) The Treaty of Carlowitz united Hungary with the Habsburg territory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How did the idea of "balance of power" fuel the European wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth century?
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Chapter 17: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment,1550-1790
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Q1) In addition to Americans,Europeans debated the civilized qualities of whom?
A) Canadians
B) the people of the South Pacific
C) Chinese
D) Africans
E) Latin Americans
Q2) Most of the early scientists in the Scientific Revolution refused any royal patronage for fear of losing their autonomy in discoveries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The blending of religion and science in terms of explaining the creation of the universe was found in the belief of
A) scholasticism
B) argument from design
C) materialism
D) pragmatic creation
E) naturalism
Q4) What factors contributed to the new way of thinking about the universe during the Scientific Age?
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Chapter 18: Trade and Empire,1700-1800
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Q1) One of the primary goals of the Navigation Acts was to limit trade access by the Dutch in British territories.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One of the fundamental risks of the putting-out system as a means of labor organization was that
A) workers would unify and demand better wages.
B) households had to do seasonal labor that interrupted productivity.
C) enclosure might remove workers from rural locations.
D) decline in demand could lead to fewer piece works being purchased.
E) guilds would target those workers for retaliation.
Q3) The physiocrats of France argued that
A) the balance of power in political terms affected the balance of trade.
B) mercantilism was the best economic system.
C) government regulation of trade harmed productivity.
D) competition was bad for a world market.
E) overseas colonies created a drain on a state's economy.
Q4) How did economic competition and political dissatisfaction lead to the American Revolution?
Q5) How did the putting-out system transform commercial manufacturing?
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Revolutionary France and Napoleonic
Europe,1775-1815
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Q1) What was the Bastille?
A) A medieval fortress that served as a prison
B) A dungeon where political prisoners were tortured
C) The king's palace in Paris, when he was not at Versailles
D) The tennis court where the National Assembly was meeting
E) A supply depot where grain and foodstuffs were stored
Q2) The events of the October Days were characterized by
A) Louis's return to Paris to stand trial.
B) the armed seizure of power by the National Assembly.
C) the takeover of the National Assembly by the Jacobin faction.
D) Louis's resignation as king.
E) the shift of power from Versailles to Paris.
Q3) French society under Napoleon was dominated by the notables.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What effect did the unification of European alliances against Napoleon and France have in the wars between 1805-1814?
Q5) Trace the evolution of the National Assembly's issuance of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.Why was this document originally perceived as insufficient?
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Chapter 20: Restoration and Reform: Conservative and Liberal Europe,1814-1847
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Q1) By nineteenth-century standards,why was the French Revolution seen as a failure?
Q2) The Decembrists in Russia in 1825 staged a revolt in favor of a Constitutional Monarchy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The guiding principle of the Congress System proposed by Tsar Alexander I was termed the
A) Union of Equals.
B) League of Europe.
C) Quadruple Alliance.
D) Christian Coalition.
E) Holy Alliance.
Q4) Russian society under the rule of Nicholas I after December 1825 became
A) a compromise of liberal and conservative powers to promote Russian traditions within a multiethnic empire.
B) divided between compromise factions in the north and south.
C) increasingly entrenched in European politics and economics.
D) a conservative police state to suppress any reform movements or political liberalism.
E) a constitutional monarchy with a progressive legislature.
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Chapter 21: Industrialization and Society,1800-1850
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Q1) By what means did the middle classes differentiate themselves and create a self-identity?
Q2) Marx believed that the best means to understand the world was through
A) economics.
B) class structures.
C) philosophy.
D) nationality.
E) cultural orientation.
Q3) Industrialization and urban growth negatively affected which of the following?
A) tenements
B) pollution
C) expense of food
D) spread of disease like tuberculosis
E) All of these.
Q4) François Guizot believed that the poor had brought their condition upon themselves.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What role did women play in middle class society?
Q6) What was different about the ideas proposed by socialism and communism?
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Chapter 22: The Triumph of the Nation-State,1848-1900
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Q1) Dmowski's National Democrats in Poland
A) represented the beginning of mass politics in Poland.
B) completely rejected socialism.
C) argued that national minorities must assimilate or leave Poland.
D) rallied Poles against Prussia and Russian occupation.
E) did all of these.
Q2) Integral nationalism is distinguished by
A) nationalist agendas to justify racist restrictions.
B) its liberal considerations for the populations of assimilated territories.
C) the demand that minorities assimilate or leave.
D) the need for imperial territories by Europe.
E) all of these.
Q3) How did nationalism contribute to the growth of racism in the nineteenth century?
Q4) The only European nation to achieve statehood by peaceful means was A) Bulgaria.
B) Serbia.
C) Greece.
D) Norway.
E) Poland.
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Chapter 23: The Culture of Industrial Europe,1850-1914
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Q1) What did physician John Snow in Britain accomplish?
A) He proved that cholera was transmitted by water rather than air.
B) He proved that cholera could be treated with antibiotics.
C) He developed vaccines against tuberculosis and diphtheria.
D) He developed a theory of microorganisms causing infection.
E) He initiated washing of hands between patients to prevent the spread of disease.
Q2) One of the wealthiest developers of the petroleum industry was
A) JP Morgan.
B) Andrew Carnegie
C) John D. Rockefeller.
D) Karl Benz
E) Thomas Edison
Q3) The chemical table of elements was developed by Dmitri Mendeleev.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How did psychology develop in the nineteenth century,and why did the questions of human mental functioning emerge as it did?
Q5) How did the development of a consumer society facilitate employment and social mobility possibilities for women?
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Chapter 24: The Age of Imperialism,1870-1914
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the global economy is true?
A) Europeans linked the world through trade and technology.
B) Imperialism created a global economic system, with most of the benefits flowing back to Europe.
C) Many imperial economies were dependent on European consumption.
D) Colonization varied depending on the area.
E) All of these are true.
Q2) What were the critical needs of Europe that pushed for imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
A) Expanded territory for the excess population
B) Resources to support a largely urbanized European population
C) Raw materials to maintain and further the economy based on industrialization
D) Promoting European superiority
E) Spreading Christianity throughout the world
Q3) The most effective weapon for indigenous resistance to European rule was
A) European education.
B) assimilation of technology.
C) passive resistance.
D) organized demands.
E) self-rule.
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Chapter 25: War and Revolution,1900-1918
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Q1) Among the uses of propaganda to inspire popular support of the war were A) songs
B) postcards.
C) movies.
D) recruitment posters.
E) All of these.
Q2) Germany countered the British naval blockade with A) trench warfare.
B) unrestricted submarine warfare.
C) targeting of civilian populations.
D) disregard of neutrality policies.
E) all of these.
Q3) At the outset of war,Germany marched into A) Poland.
B) Belgium.
C) France.
D) Serbia.
E) Ukraine.
Q4) Why did T.E.Lawrence become disgusted with British actions in Arab lands?
Q5) How did technology change the way war was waged in World War I?
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Chapter 26: A Decade of Revolutionary Experiments,1918-1929
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Q1) Which was the first state in Eastern Europe to establish a post-war political stability under democracy?
A) Poland.
B) Yugoslavia.
C) Hungary.
D) Romania.
E) Czechoslovakia.
Q2) What was the name of the organization used by the Soviet government to expand their revolution?
A) Cheka.
B) Comintern.
C) Zhenotdel
D) Comecon
E) Politburo.
Q3) Germany was crippled in the interwar years by A) hyper-inflation.
B) the growth of the Nazi (National Socialist) Party.
C) suppression of economic activity by the League of Nations.
D) the seizure of power by Bavaria in displacing Prussia.
E) a devastating influenza that killed millions.
Page 28
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Chapter 27: Democracy Under Siege,1929-1945
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Q1) How did political responses vary to the Great Depression in Europe?
Q2) Lodz,Poland had the largest Jewish population of any European city.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How did Churchill utilize American resources to buttress British involvement against Germany during World War II?
Q4) What was Léon Blum able to accomplish in French politics?
A) He overturned the politics of appeasement proposed by Chamberlain.
B) He reached a détente with Comintern.
C) He formed a Popular Front coalition between Socialism, Communist, and Radical parties to work cooperatively against Nazism.
D) He established an alliance of the scientific community to raise conscious awareness against warfare.
E) He brought together radical anarchosyndicalists with conservative Republicans to object to the Spanish Civil War.
Q5) What was the purpose of the conferences attended by Churchill,Stalin,and Roosevelt? What was accomplished?
Q6) In comparison to World War I,what made World War II truly global in context?
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Chapter 28: Europe Divided,1945-1968
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Q1) What was the significance of NATO and the Warsaw Pact?
Q2) The costliest conflict for France involved
A) Vietnam.
B) Algeria.
C) Morocco.
D) Indochina.
E) Bessarabia.
Q3) The development of Arab nationalism slowed with the creation of Israel.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What was not accomplished at the Second Vatican Council?
A) Allowed the church to use local languages instead of Latin
B) Gave reformist bishops more autonomy
C) Allowed greater participation in social activism
D) Pope John XXIII's apology for the papacy's actions during the Holocaust.
E) A refining of practice while still adhering to the church's primary mission
Q5) Soviet economic control eschewed the command economy in Russia to demand specialized production in the satellite nations.
A)True
B)False
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did terrorist organizations utilize public dissatisfaction with European politics to advance their more radical politics on both the right and left sides?
Q2) One of the results of the sexual revolution was
A) looser morals.
B) the advent of the AIDS epidemic.
C) earlier sexual activity and more partners.
D) less availability of contraception.
E) later age at marriage.
Q3) Who was the feminist leader of the Green Party in West Germany?
A) Andrea Hacker
B) Nina Schmidt
C) Augusta Heimhoffer
D) Petra Kelly
E) Claudia Behren
Q4) What was the Velvet Revolution?
A) Solidarity's triumph in Poland
B) The destruction of the Berlin Wall
C) The collapse of communism in Czechoslovakia
D) The cultural acceptance of homosexuality on a more widespread level
E) None of these
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Chapter
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20393
Sample Questions
Q1) Who bombed the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade?
A) Serbians
B) Albanians
C) French
D) Americans
E) Russians
Q2) One of the significant test cases regarding enlargement of the EU membership has regarded the incorporation of which country as an "unfortunate precedent"?
A) Greece
B) Denmark
C) Latvia
D) Cyprus
E) Portugal
Q3) How did the Internet revolutionize communications at the end of the twentieth century?
Q4) At the end of the war,Albanians were excluded from the Serbian government.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why is the admission of Turkey into the EU considered a problem?
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