History of Europe to 1648 Question Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the rich and complex history of Europe from antiquity through the mid-seventeenth century, emphasizing the political, social, religious, and cultural transformations that shaped the continent. Students will examine key developments including the legacy of classical civilizations, the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, the formation of nation-states, the Renaissance, and the Reformation. Special attention is given to interactions between different societies within Europe, as well as external influences, leading up to the profound changes brought about by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Through primary and secondary sources, students will analyze the forces that defined Europes past and continue to influence its present.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization A Brief History 11th Edition by Marvin Perry
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Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) satrap
Answer: A satrap was a provincial governor in the ancient Persian Empire. They were appointed by the king and were responsible for overseeing the administration, taxation, and defense of their respective provinces. The satraps were often members of the royal family or trusted nobles, and they held significant power within their territories. They reported directly to the king and were expected to maintain order and loyalty to the central government. The satrapies were located throughout the empire, and each satrap had a residence and administrative center within their province. The position of satrap was important because it allowed the Persian king to maintain control over a vast and diverse empire, while also providing a system of local governance and administration. The satraps played a crucial role in the stability and functioning of the Persian Empire.
Q2) It was said that a pharaoh
A) could never fail in a military endeavor.
B) was a god.
C) was a human being with divine inspiration.
D) reigned as the "alter-ego" of the Nile god.
E) was a representative of the gods.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) The prophets viewed the disparity between rich and poor
A) as a necessary distinction in all societies
B) as the fault of the Chaldeans
C) as religious sins that would ruin Israel
D) as God's punishment on the lazy
E) as God's reward for the righteous
Answer: C
Q2) Moses led the Hebrews out of Egypt
A) after the Babylonian captivity.
B) at the start of the Diaspora.
C) upon the death of Ramses.
D) and into a period of wandering in the Sinai.
E) after the Assyrian invasion.
Answer: D
Q3) Israel
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Q1) Thales
Answer: Thales was an ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician who is often considered one of the first Western philosophers. He is known for his contributions to geometry and for being one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Thales is believed to have lived in the city of Miletus in present-day Turkey around 624-546 BCE. He is important because he is considered one of the first individuals to use reason and observation to explain natural phenomena, rather than attributing them to the actions of gods or mythical beings. Thales is also known for his belief that water is the fundamental substance of the universe, a theory that laid the groundwork for future scientific inquiry and understanding of the natural world.
Q2) Among Socrates' interests was concern for
A) how the playwrights interpreted the trials of humankind.
B) knowledge as an essential determinant for one to do what is ethically right.
C) lecture rather than conversation.
D) relating ethical standards to authority and tradition.
E) how moral values derive from a transcendent God.
Answer: B
Q3) Aristotle
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter
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Q1) Spartacus
Q2) The Roman constitution
A) evolved slowly and was never written down.
B) was created by Cicero.
C) was written down when the Tribal Assembly was created.
D) was copied from the Athenian constitution.
E) derived from abstract thought.
Q3) Julius Caesar
Q4) Who met his only defeat in Gaul at the hands of some Germans and remnants of the Roman army?
A) Alaric
B) Nero
C) Attila
D) Diocletian
E) The Visigoths
Q5) Tiber River
Q6) On the map of Europe,fill in the areas that were considered Roman territories in 140 B.C.and in 44 B.C.
Q7) Carthage
Q8) Pax Romana
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) Explain the significance of two of the following as Church fathers: Saint Jerome,Saint Ambrose,and Saint Augustine.
Q2) Mosaic Law
Q3) While persecution of Christians did occur,explain how the Roman Empire actually encouraged the spread of Christianity?
Q4) On the map of Europe,trace the missionary activities of Paul of Tarsus.
Q5) The Essenes
A) were willing to work with Roman governors.
B) refused to pay taxes to the Roman Emperor.
C) denied the Trinity.
D) claimed descent from the priest Sadok.
E) were followers of the "Teacher of Righteousness."
Q6) Essenes
Q7) Zealots
Q8) As a consequence of the Edict of Milan
A) the Romans attacked the Manichaeans.
B) Roman religious conformity was strictly enforced.
C) Romans crushed the Christian religion.
D) Roman officials were ordered to seek out and destroy mystery religions.
E) Christianity was recognized in the Roman Empire.
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of
Classical,christian,and Germanic
Traditions
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Q1) excommunication
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to the governmental structure of the Middle Ages?
A) Tutelege
B) Manorialism
C) Homage
D) Vassalage
E) Feudalism
Q3) The Pope that called for the Crusades was
A) Pope Gregory VII
B) Pope Benedict
C) Pope Urban II
D) Pope Leo III
E) Pope Philip
Q4) Boethius contributed to European civilization by
A) writing The City of God.
B) rejecting philosophy for more pragmatic approaches to contemporary needs.
C) translating into Latin Aristotle's treatises on logic.
D) urging that philosophers abandon the classical tradition.
E) helping to start the monastic practice of copying classical texts.
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Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) When Aristotle's writings were translated into Latin and reintroduced to the West A) church scholars accepted them enthusiastically.
B) church scholars largely discounted them as pagan delusions. C) there was controversy about whether they would endanger faith.
D) there were doubts about whether the writings were really Aristotle's. E) they were found to be synonymous with Christian beliefs.
Q2) All of the following statements about the Hundred Years War are true except A) The French defeat at the Battle of Agincourt left them vulnerable to absorption into the English throne
B) Joan of Arc was condemned as a heretic and burned at the stake C) English longbows were routinely defeated by the French cavalry
D) the fighting contributed to periods of unrest such as the Jacquerie
E) the war witnessed the rise of an incomplete but initial national unity
Q3) In what ways did Roman law influence the Middle Ages?
Q4) Crécy
Q5) Crystalline Heaven
Q6) Jacquerie
Q7) Robert Grosseteste
Q8) Philip IV
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) Who contended that knowledge must be used to promote the public well-being?
A) Lorenzo de' Medici
B) Petrarch
C) Pico della Mirandola
D) Lorenzo Valla
E) Erasmus
Q2) Peasants' Revolt
Q3) In the fourteenth century,people who began to question the authority of the international church and its clergy used all the following arguments except that the A) pope had no authority over kings.
B) state needed no guidance from the papacy.
C) clergy was not above secular law.
D) pope was indeed the Antichrist.
E) church was only a spiritual body whose power does not extend to the political realm.
Q4) John Calvin
Q5) On the map of Italy,locate the five major powers that emerged on the Italian peninsula: the kingdom of Naples and Sicily,the Papal States,Florence,Venice,and Milan.
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, overseas Expansion, commercial Revolution
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Q1) Why did England and the Netherlands become the cockpits of capitalist development in the seventeenth century?
Q2) The Fronde was a rebellion in Paris against the leadership of _______
A) Cardinal Richelieu
B) Cardinal Marazin
C) Louis XIII
D) Henry V
E) Charles V
Q3) Which of the following happened during the bloodless revolution?
A) James II fled England when he lost the support of key men in the army, powerful gentlemen in the counties and in the Anglican Church.
B) James II was beheaded.
C) James II mobilized his army to fight the English Parliament.
D) James II nominated his own successor to the English throne.
E) James II was imprisoned.
Q4) mercantilism
Q5) price revolution
Q6) the War of Roses
Q7) Little Spain
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific
Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) ____ searched for an absolute truth that could serve as the first principle of knowledge.
A) Galen
B) Paracelsus
C) Descartes
D) Boyle
E) Bruno
Q2) ______________ wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
A) Locke
B) Hobbes
C) Hume
D) Bacon
E) Smith
Q3) heliocentric theory
Q4) Deism
Q5) Which characteristics of the philosophes illustrate a new way of looking at the world? List three major philosophes and comment upon their major contributions.
Q6) epicycles
Q7) William Harvey
Page 13
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) Jena
Q2) Duke of Wellington
Q3) Prior to the French Revolutionary wars,Napoleon Bonaparte was a/an
A) wealthy Corsican peasant.
B) priest in a rural district of Provence.
C) artillery officer in the French Army.
D) candle maker.
E) Jacobin.
Q4) In order to strengthen the French economy,Napoleon did all the following except A) aid industry through tariffs and loans.
B) promote commerce by building and repairing roads, bridges, and canals.
C) provide food at low prices and stimulate employment for the laboring poor.
D) establish the bank of France.
E) restore the feudal privileges of the Old Regime.
Q5) the German War of Liberation
Q6) Louis XVIII
Q7) Jacobins
Q8) "War to the Knife"
Q9) On a blank map of Europe,trace the borders of France in 1793 as well as the extent of Page 14
the French territory at the height of Napoleon's military actions.
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the evolution of industrialism in Europe?
A) Britain possessed important and developed natural resources to begin the process to industrialism.
B) Invasion of Austria into France destroyed emerging industrialism.
C) Germany lacked the revenue to develop industrialism.
D) Italy concentrated its economy on foreign trade.
E) Americans provided Europe with sufficient manufactured goods, therefore discouraging industrial growth.
Q2) As industrial cities developed
A) social bonds from the countryside provided new arrivals with a safety net.
B) writers referred to them as inhumane.
C) English humanitarianism resulted in taxes often being designated to improve the standard of living of the poor.
D) there was distress, largely because cities had never before developed without planning.
E) the old division of society into clergy, nobility, and commoners remained.
Q3) The Reform Bill of 1832
Q4) Richard Arkwright
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Which statement is least associated with the work of Immanuel Kant?
A) The human mind is an active instrument that coordinates chaotic streams of sensations.
B) Laws of science are universally valid but our dependent upon our ability to categorize them.
C) Our knowledge is limited to the phenomenal world.
D) We can demonstrate constant conjunction of events not cause and effect.
E) We can only know things we can experience.
Q2) Scholars would agree with the statement that
A) in Germany, the romantic view of the state contributed to the rise of twentieth century wars.
B) Jews long settled in Germany could be considered Germans by nationalists.
C) German nationalists rejected history.
D) German nationalists denied the concept of a people's inner spirit and instead proclaimed that conscious effort by a talented people resulted in their superiority.
E) the romantics were not the earliest apostles of German nationalism.
Q3) What were the political views of Edmund Burke?
Q4) Volksgeist
Q5) modern nationalism
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) The Settlement of 1867 succeeded in
A) pacifying the Czechs.
B) reuniting the Sudeten Germans with Prussia.
C) removing the Hapsburgs from control of Hungary.
D) giving Hungary complete control over its internal affairs.
E) putting Hungary under the complete control of Austria.
Q2) Factors that relate to the German revolution of 1848 include each of the following except
A) hostility against absolute princes.
B) the impact of a depression in the 1840s.
C) the strong Marxian influence among German workers.
D) reform-minded middle-class liberals.
E) the successful revolt against Louis Philippe.
Q3) The Risorgimento was a/an
A) nationalist organization based in Poland.
B) nationalist organization based in Austria.
C) German nationalist organization.
D) Italian nationalist movement.
E) nationalist organization based in Russia.
Q4) Giuseppe Garibaldi
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, positivism, darwinism, and Social
Criticism
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Q1) Can you discover similarities in Marxist and liberal thought of the late nineteenth century? Was there a major difference in their approaches?
Q2) Who wrote,"The aim of every political association is the preservation of the natural....rights of man and woman"?
A) de Gouges
B) Grimke
C) Shelley
D) Wollstonecraft
E) Zola
Q3) That a woman may leave her husband for a more fulfilling life is the conclusion in
A) Madame Bovary.
B) Pride and Prejudice.
C) Anna Karenina.
D) A Doll's House.
E) Bleak House.
Q4) How would you describe the relationship of Social Darwinism to Enlightenment thought?
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Q5) proletariat
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Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century:
Modernization, nationalism, imperialism
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Q1) Opium War
Q2) Which of the following established an Open Door Policy in China?
A) The United States
B) Britain
C) Russia
D) France
Q3) Home Rule
Q4) How was it very clear that the new state of Germany would be less than liberal? What checks did the government lack that might have remedied the situation?
Q5) Benjamin Disraeli
Q6) Who were the "Captains of Industry?"
A) Owners of small firms
B) railroad lines that controlled the movement goods
C) Owners of medium size firms that specialized in consumer goods
D) Owners of shipyards with extensive ties to global trade
E) Owners or managers of large firms with extraordinary economic and political power
Q7) Russo-Japanese War
Q8) Taff Vale decision
Q9) Bismarck
Page 20
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, human
Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Max Planck
Q2) The Second Scientific Revolution destroyed or altered which major scientific theories or beliefs?
A) Heated bodies release heat in spurts.
B) According to Newtonian physics, the theories of time and space were proven.
C) Time and space do not disappear with material objects.
D) There is no absolute knowledge.
E) The earlier theory of absolute knowledge was reinforced.
Q3) Picasso and Stravinsky,it may be said,were
A) both innovators, but in different fields.
B) innovative surrealist painters.
C) interested in opposing modernism.
D) intellectuals who influenced social thought.
E) both musicians.
Q4) The superman described by Nietzsche was most influenced by A) sexual drives.
B) the id.
C) desire for power.
D) coveting wealth.
E) the quest for fame.
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) The leader of the Bolsheviks was _________.
A) Vladimir Lenin
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Lavr Kornilov
E) Aleksandr Kerensky
Q2) The act that ensured British entrance into the war was
A) the German invasion of Belgium.
B) the German invasion of the Netherlands.
C) Russian mobilization.
D) the surprise German submarine attack on the British fleet at Scapa Flow.
E) the German invasion of France.
Q3) Explain the reasons that impelled the United States to enter the war.Explain why the United States waited so long to enter the conflict.
Q4) The United States refused to join the League of Nations because
A) the league would not have a military force in Europe.
B) Woodrow Wilson campaigned against membership.
C) many feared it would pull the United States into future wars.
D) membership was limited to European countries.
E) the league voiced concerns over America's support of democracies overseas.
Page 23
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) March on Rome
Q2) The principles of fascism were not related to A) intellectual discussion and critical analysis.
B) comparisons to democratic thought.
C) appeal to the emotions of the crowd.
D) anti-Marxism.
E) Enlightenment principles.
Q3) Ernest Hemingway
Q4) The ultimate point of collectivization was to A) exterminate the peasants.
B) fund rapid industrialization.
C) conscript peasants into the army.
D) bring women into agricultural labor.
E) allow peasants to be attached to their own land.
Q5) Totalitarianism may justly be said to A) be related to both communism and fascism.
B) influence all aspects of culture.
C) involve terror and force.
D) abolish all competing political parties
E) Totalitarianism symbolized all of these.
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Chapter 20: World War II: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) The "miracle of Dunkirk" was
A) the defeat of German Panzer units outside of Paris.
B) the defeat of the Luftwaffe by the British air force during the Battle of Britain.
C) the evacuation of 338,000 British and French troops across the English Channel.
D) the invention of radar to notify English cities of approaching German bombers.
E) the successful landing of Allied troops in France on D-Day.
Q2) Mein Kampf may be associated with
A) Ernst Roehm's goals for his Storm Troopers.
B) Konrad Henlein's fight for self-determination.
C) Britain's policy of opposing Adolf Hitler.
D) Rommel's discussion of his battle tactics.
E) Hitler's exposition of his goals.
Q3) Why did Nazi Germany lose World War II?
Q4) Winston Churchill
Q5) Refer to some decisions that Hitler made that were particularly disastrous for Germany.
Q6) Battle of Midway
Page 25
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Chapter 21: Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) Which country was NOT an original member of NATO?
A) Canada
B) France
C) Iceland
D) Spain
E) Italy
Q2) Why is 1989 called the "year of liberation"?
Q3) The extensive economic aid the United States provided to Western Europe is generally referred to by what term?
A) The Truman Doctrine
B) The Containment Doctrine
C) The Warsaw Pact
D) The Marshall Plan
E) The London Plan
Q4) Mikhail Gorbachev
Q5) Truman Doctrine
Q6) socialism with a human face
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Q7) How did the United States react during the early years of the cold war? According to the authors of your text,did the United States have cause for concern?
Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) How has terrorism become the defining feature of the twenty-first century?
Q2) The German leader that helped to stabilize Germany after 2005 was __________.
A) Helmut Kohl
B) Nicolas Sarkozy
C) Angela Merkel
D) Gerhard Schroder
E) Boris Yeltsin
Q3) Taliban
Q4) Shock Therapy
Q5) In many ways one can say that the course of the war in Afghanistan parallels that of Vietnam,discuss and give examples.
Q6) Although still faced with some prejudice,many different peoples have thrived in Europe which raises the question; why have Muslim immigrants in Western society been faced with problems of integration? Which of the following statement is NOT true in answering this question?
A) Islam is seen as a religion that supports violence.
B) Muslims wish to be governed by their own religious laws.
C) Equal rights for women are not acceptable to many Muslims.
D) Polygamy is not legal in the West.
E) Separation of church and state conflicts with many Islamic beliefs.
Page 27
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