History of Europe: Enlightenment to Present Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the major political, social, intellectual, and cultural developments in European history from the Enlightenment era to the present day. Beginning with the transformative ideas of the 18th century, students examine how the Enlightenment shaped revolutionary movements, the rise of nation-states, industrialization, and the expansion of empires. The course further investigates the impacts of war, totalitarianism, and decolonization in the 20th century, alongside the evolution of democracy, human rights, and European integration. Through primary sources, case studies, and thematic analyses, students gain a nuanced understanding of how past events continue to influence contemporary European society.
Recommended Textbook
The Western Heritage Combined Volume 11th Edition by Donald M. Kagan
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30 Chapters
2397 Verified Questions
2397 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Jews conceived of their god as ________.
A)human
B)supernatural
C)human in shape but not nature
D)a force of nature
Answer: B
Q2) The last few years before Assyria was destroyed are obscure,but the country was,apparently,divided by ________.
A)poverty
B)civil war
C)religious strife
D)racial disharmony
Answer: B
Q3) Which three religions trace their origins to the people who arrived in Palestine a little before 1200 b.c.e.
A)Judaism,Buddhism,and Islam
B)Christianity,Islam,and Buddhism
C)Judaism,Christianity,and Islam
D)Islam,Buddhism,and Sikhism
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some scholars have argued that because the civilizations of Crete reflected the importance of women,they were more ________ than others.
A)tranquil
B)aggressive
C)artistic
D)philosophical
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following ended the calm rule of Ionia by Greece,stirring the Ionian Rebellion?
A)the Athenian victory at Marathon
B)the suicide of Cambyses
C)the death of the Persian king Cyrus the Great
D)the private troubles of the ambitious tyrant of Miletus,Aristagoras
Answer: D
Q3) The new civilization on Crete was a cultural bridge from ________.
A)Roman culture
B)the Stone Age
C)the Bronze Age
D)older civilizations of Greece,Egypt,and Asia
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the time of Alexander the Great,the Greeks turned to ________ for solutions to their problems.
A)politics
B)religion,philosophy,and magic
C)humanism,revived from the fifth century b.C.e. ,
D)their belief in human ability to manage forces around them
Answer: B
Q2) A Hellenistic scientist named ________ was able to calculate the circumference of the earth within two hundred miles.
A)Eratosthenes
B)Thucydides
C)Hipparchus
D)Aristarchus
Answer: A
Q3) In the fifth century b.c.e. ,________ were the leading naval power in Greece.
A)Thessalians
B)Spartans
C)Peloponnesians
D)Athenians
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Rome: From Republic to Empire
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the coin stamped with the profile of Brutus that reads "Ides of March" suggest about contemporary reaction to Caesar's assassination?
A)Some celebrated Brutus's act.
B)Brutus was the most hated man in Rome.
C)The Senate was able to censor all news of Caesar's death.
D)No one knew who was Caesar's killer.
Q2) Which of these was the last Etruscan state to oppose Rome?
A)Gaul
B)Luca
C)Ostia
D)Veii
Q3) How did the civil war following Julius Caesar's death finally end?
A)in battle between Octavian and Mark Antony
B)through the personal negotiations of the Second Triumvirate
C)with a restoration of the Republic
D)through a Senate decree
Q4) Octavian made Mark Antony look weak by suggesting he was merely a pawn of Cleopatra,queen of ________.
Q5) One of the rewards held out to defeated enemies in Italy was Roman ________.
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Chapter 5: The Roman Empire
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the Roman government became more efficient,it took on more functions.To pay for these services,Rome ________.
A)instituted "sin" taxes on tobacco and alcohol
B)minted fewer coins,hoping speculators would take them out of circulation
C)imposed taxes on farmers who lived outside of Italy
D)sold bonds
Q2) Imperial Rome made great engineering advances,including the use of vaults and domes,both forms adapted from Etruscan semi-circular ________.
Q3) Valentinian I divided the empire in two and appointed his brother Valens as ruler of the east.The two sides became increasingly separate,as ________ was spoken in the west and ________ in the east.
A)Greek;Turkish
B)Greek;Latin
C)Italian;Latin
D)Latin;Greek
Q4) Although Augustus granted himself the powers of an absolute ruler,he did not proclaim this ascension openly.In what ways did he retain the appearance of republican government? Why?
Q5) Jesus of Nazareth was named christos by his followers,meaning "________."
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Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages:
Creating a New European Society and Culture 4761000
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Sample Questions
Q1) Benedict wrote a plan that dictated every activity a monk should undertake each day.This discipline and organization ________.
A)brought the Benedictines economic and political power
B)was adopted by a majority of Christians
C)threatened potential Muslim invaders
D)was seen as heresy by the Eastern Orthodox Church
Q2) One of the requirements of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca to visit the ________,a black meteorite that was worshipped by pagans and incorporated into Islamic practice.
Q3) Early Muslim conquests were successful against the Persian Empire in part because ________.
A)the Persians were exhausted by decades of war
B)they had a better navy
C)they had the support of the Byzantines against this common enemy
D)the Persians recognized the truth of Muhammad's words
Q4) Feudal society developed over time.What were the costs and benefits for lords at the beginning of the Middle Ages? Did these change toward the end of this era?
Q5) What were the main contributions of the Franks to Western civilization?
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Q6) ________ is defined as the opposition to the use of images in Christian worship.
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Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: the Rise of European Empires
and States (1000-1300)
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Sample Questions
Q1) King John's attitude toward the Magna Carta can best be described as ________.
A)eventual acceptance
B)continued resistance
C)willful ignorance
D)defiant nullification
Q2) Henry I secured the imperial German borders by checking the invasions of the Hungarians and the _________.
Q3) Which of the following best describes Frederick II's relationship with the pope?
A)His relationship with the pope was disastrous;he was excommunicated four times.
B)His relationship with the pope was brilliant;he reestablished strong church-state relations.
C)His relationship with the pope was nonexistent;due to specific alliances,the papacy proved to be the enemy.
D)His relationship with the pope was tumultuous,but remained close.
Q4) What was the primary objective of the First Crusade?
A)to defend Europe's outermost borders against Muslim aggression
B)to stimulate Western trade with the East
C)to rescue the holy city of Jerusalem
D)to spread Christianity to the farthest reaches of the earth
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Chapter 8: Medieval Society: Hierarchies, towns, universities, and Families (1000-1300)
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these careers was open to women?
A)law
B)medicine
C)scholarship
D)weaving
Q2) The Canons Regular were innovative in combining __________.
A)the duties of bishops and priests
B)devotion to a monastic life with commercial goals
C)intellectual rigor with a commitment to poverty
D)work in the world and an ascetic lifestyle
Q3) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the University of Paris in the 1200s?
A)Professors ran their classrooms in an informal setting.
B)Educators and university administrators only cared about the image of the university,not educational content.
C)Education reform in the sciences was of the utmost importance.
D)It was a collection of scholars,not buildings.
Q4) Small artisans and craftspeople slowly developed their own protective associations,or ________,and began to gain a voice in government.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown
(1300-1453)
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ was the teaching that the efficacy of the church's sacraments did not only lie in their true performance,but also depended on the moral character of the clergy who administered them.
Q2) The papal bull Unam Sanctam declared that ________.
A)only strong monarchies could fulfill the Christian gospel
B)the Holy Roman emperor could establish national churches in his realm
C)a new crusade was necessary in order to unify European spiritually
D)temporal authority was subject to the spiritual power of the church
Q3) The nobles lost power relative to other groups in the wake of the plague because they were the ______.
A)largest landowners
B)most devout Christians
C)most malnourished
D)most influenced by the famines of the early 1300s
Q4) Under the rule of Prince Vladimir (r.980-1015),what city was the most important in Russia?
A)Minsk
B)Saint Petersburg
C)Kiev
D)Moscow
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Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery
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Sample Questions
Q1) What caused the secure government of France created by Louis XI to become a defeated nation under his successors?
A)bad foreign policy
B)the collapse of the English empire
C)the dissolution of Burgundy
D)newly acquired Burgundian lands
Q2) Ludovico of Milan's fatal mistake was that he ________.
A)sold the city of Milan to the French without proper authority
B)appealed to the French for help
C)claimed Naples for himself,as king,and disregarded French dynastic claims to rule
D)disregarded the threat posed by Milan and denied French aid or assistance
Q3) The Brothers of the Common Life,an influential lay religious movement,eliminated what requirements from the religious life of men and women?
A)abstinence from food and drink before holy communion
B)sleeping on wooden floors and benches
C)eight hours of prayer and meditation each day
D)vows of poverty,chastity,and obedience
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Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freedom of a Christian,written by Martin Luther,summarized the new teaching of salvation ________.
A)through pious actions
B)by faith alone
C)through prayer
D)as the unattainable goal
Q2) Marriages in the early modern period were arranged in the sense that they were ________.
A)dictated by the bride's parents
B)dictated by the groom's parents
C)planned
D)determined when the bride reached the age of fifteen
Q3) The address On Improving the Studies of the Young was written by _______.
Q4) Lutheranism was introduced into Denmark by ________.
A)Christian I
B)Gustavus Vasa
C)Christian III
D)Gustavus Vasa II
Q5) The West European family was ____________,or nuclear,consisting of a father and a mother and two to four children.
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Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ruler of Spain for most of the later 1500s was _________.
A)Philip II
B)Ferdinand I
C)Charles V
D)Carlos I
Q2) Why was the Thirty Years' War fought? To what extent did politics determine the outcome of the war? Discuss the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.Could matters have been resolved without war?
Q3) Refer to the piece "Going to the Theater." What were the basic elements and purpose of the medieval stage,and what was carried over from it to the Elizabethan theater? How did these new theaters change the social habits of their guests?
Q4) Due to its central location,which of the following nations had always been Europe's highway for merchants and traders going north,south,east and west?
A)Switzerland
B)Germany
C)Austria
D)France
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14
Chapter 13: European State Consolidation in the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the rule of Peter the Great,Russia's boyars ________.
A)gained power
B)became the primary agents of modernization
C)lost much of their power
D)were exiled to Siberia
Q2) The revocation of the Edict of Nantes is best seen in the context of Louis XIV's policy of ________.
A)religious persecution
B)unifying France under an absolute monarchy
C)alliance with the Catholic church
D)making war on Catholics
Q3) What model of government was able to foster a strong monarchy with a secure financial base that was not dependent on noble estates,diets,or assemblies?
A)political absolutism embodied in France
B)political absolutism embodied in England
C)parliamentary monarchy embodied in the Netherlands
D)parliamentary monarchy embodied in England
Q4) How did the duke of Orléans weaken France after the death of Louis XIV? Which of his initiatives became symbolic of French decline? How?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most Ptolemaic writers assumed the earth was the center of the universe,an outlook known as _______________.
Q2) Traditional beliefs and superstitions remained solidly in place in the culture and led to the eruption of panics and ________ in almost every Western land.
Q3) Refer to the excerpt "Descartes and Swift Debate the Scientific Enterprise." How do Descartes and Swift differ in their views on the value of science? What are the main points of difference?
Q4) The most elaborative baroque monument to political absolutism was ________.
A)Pope Urban VIII's tabernacle in Rome
B)Charles I's palace in London
C)Louis XIV's palace at Versailles
D)Franz Joseph's palace in Vienna
Q5) People who supported new science,applied knowledge,religious toleration,mutual forbearance,and political unity formed the basis for the eighteenth-century movement known as the ________.
Q6) Francis Bacon argued that there were two books of divine revelation,the Bible and nature,and that the two books must be compatible because both shared the same
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Chapter 15: Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) In preindustrial Europe,the dominant concern of married women was ________.
A)producing enough children
B)child rearing
C)producing enough farm goods to ensure an adequate food supply
D)domestic duties such as cooking,cleaning,and sewing
Q2) Most eighteenth-century ________ were regarded as aliens whose status could be changed at the whim of local rulers or the monarchical government.
Q3) Given what you know about the impact of the industrial revolution on the lives of women,which of the following statements is most applicable?
A)The role and importance of women already in the work force diminished.
B)Women clung to their traditional roles and would not,despite social pressures,work in factories.
C)Women were unable to work in factories with the same output and effectiveness as their male counterparts.
D)The economic freedoms women gained during the industrial revolution carried over to the early years of the suffrage movement.
Q4) Nearly all French peasants were subject to certain feudal dues called ________.
Q5) The Russians brutally suppressed the peasant rebellion called ________.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Transatlantic Economy, trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the British motivation for passing the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act?
A)Britain wanted to exert authority over the unruly colonists.
B)Britain needed to raise money to pay its debts.
C)Britain was losing money on sugar and legal papers.
D)The British Parliament was feeling pressure from citizens to force more contributions from the colonists.
Q2) The British architect of the North American theater of war during the Seven Years' War was ________.
Q3) Religion among slave communities in the Americas is best described as ________.
A)Christian
B)a mixture of Christian and African traditions
C)forbidden,but practiced in secret
D)virtually nonexistent
Q4) Maria Theresa's great achievement was ________.
A)the defeat of Frederick II
B)the reconquest of Silesia
C)her granting of additional privileges to the nobility
D)the preservation of the Habsburg empire as a major political power
Page 18
Q5) The ________ system was meant to maintain Spain's monopoly on trade.
Q6) Great Britain lost its control of the American colonies in the 1783 ________.
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Page 19
Chapter 17: The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought
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Q1) ________,who embodied enlightened absolutism more than any other monarch,forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military,the Junker nobility,the Lutheran clergy,and a growing bureaucracy.
A)Joseph II
B)Maria Theresa
C)Frederick the Great
D)Catherine II
Q2) The philosophe who popularized the thought of Isaac Newton was ________.
A)Voltaire in his work Letters on the English
B)Locke in his work An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
C)Rousseau in his work The Social Contract
D)Voltaire in his work Elements of the Philosophy of Newton
Q3) According to Newton and others,nature is ________.
Q4) Which philosophe is credited with a profound effect on the constitutional form of liberal democracies for more than two centuries?
A)Charles de Montesquieu
B)Voltaire
C)Baruch Spinoza
D)Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Page 20
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Chapter 18: The French Revolution
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Q1) William Pitt's domestic policies are best seen in the light of _______.
A)ideological opposition to liberal reform
B)his atheism
C)the moderate phase of the French Revolution
D)fear of the French Revolution
Q2) How did the Convention come into being? How was the Convention affected by events on the battlefield? What were the implications of the first official act of the Convention? Explain.
Q3) In 1792,the Paris Commune compelled the Legislative Assembly to call for the election of a new assembly,called the ________,to write a democratic constitution.
Q4) The term sans-culottes was used in revolutionary France to refer to ________.
A)children
B)the professional classes
C)the lower middle-class
D)the lower clergy
Q5) The tempering of the revolution was known as the ________ Reaction.
Q6) The French term ________ refers to the days on which the populace of Paris redirected the course of the revolution.
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Chapter 19: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the reasons that the Hundred Days period had an adverse affect on the peace settlement for France?
Q2) How did ideas about Islam change for Europeans during the Romantic Era? Explain the reasons for these changes.
Q3) After the Treaty of Tilsit,Napoleon aimed to cripple the British by ________.
A)cutting off all trade between Britain and the rest of Europe
B)taking on the British navy one fleet at a time
C)attacking nations that Britain traded with
D)turning France into a free-trade empire
Q4) Immanuel Kant argued that human perception is as much a product of the mind's activity as of ________.
A)sensory perception
B)human mortality
C)the influence of a free society
D)the existence of God
Q5) Together with his good friend Samuel Coleridge,___________ wrote Lyrical Ballads.
Page 22
Q6) The Haitian uprising was begun by _______.
Q7) Napoleon signed the Treaty of Tilsit with ___________.
Q8) Explain why German intellectuals urged resistance to Napoleon.
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Page 23
Chapter 20: The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815-1832)
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Q1) The early nineteenth-century statesman who,more than any other,epitomized conservatism was the Austrian prince ________.
Q2) By 1830,________ had achieved independence.
A)Uruguay
B)most of Latin America
C)Colombia and Bolivia
D)Mexico
Q3) Political liberals found inspiration in the 1789 French Declaration of the ________.
Q4) Which generalization is most accurate regarding the progress of reform in Prussia under Frederick William III?
A)Reform movements progressed quickly with a supportive government.
B)Government policies granted freedom to make liberal reforms.
C)The reform movement was defeated completely under the conservative policies of Frederick William III.
D)Violent revolutionaries took control of the government pushing their powerful agendas.
Q5) The occupation of ________ gave French merchants in Marseilles new economic ties to North America.
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Chapter 21: Economic Advance and Social Unrest
(1830-1850)
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Q1) The most radical political element in the European working class was ________. A)peasants
B)artisans
C)textile workers
D)new landowners
Q2) Robert Owen advocated for ________.
A)more humane industrial environments
B)a large utopian community in England
C)worker-owned factories
D)the dissolution of the class structure
Q3) The wage economy led to higher birthrates,most likely because children were considered a(n)_____.
Q4) The shift from the family working together as a unit of production to family members working separately or individually ________.
A)led to the destruction of familial bonds
B)caused the family to cease being an economic unit
C)caused the family to become a male-dominated unit
D)helped to decrease gender-based inequities in the workplace
Q5) Ships used as prisons were called _______.
Q6) In 1834,most German states formed a trading union called the _____. Page 25
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Chapter 22: The Age of Nation-States
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Q1) One of the flaws of Russia's new legal system,which was modeled after Western legal principles,was that ________.
A)it did not allow for trial by jury
B)it did not consider all accused parties equal before the law
C)the tsar could overrule the judge's sentence
D)the tsar could elect to hear a trial
Q2) Count Camillo Cavour's methods to achieve Italian unification would best coincide with which philosopher's ideology?
A)Locke
B)Machiavelli
C)Robespierre
D)Descartes
Q3) In the 1860s,Napoleon III made concessions to the liberals ________.
A)to compensate for his failures in foreign policy
B)to stifle growing calls for a revolution
C)to deflect attention away from his failures in domestic reforms
D)in an attempt to suppress a military coup
Q4) On March 28,1854,France and Britain declared war on ________ in alliance with the Ottomans.
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Chapter 23: The Building of European Supremacy: Society
and Politics to World War I
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Q1) The Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by ________.
A)the expansion of railway systems in Europe
B)the development of new industries on the Continent
C)the spread of industries similar to those in Great Britain
D)massive unemployment
Q2) Which of the following lagged behind other European countries economically in the late 1800s?
A)Germany
B)Austria-Hungary
C)the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire
D)Norway and Sweden
Q3) The petite bourgeoisie was made up of ________.
A)entrepreneurs
B)professional people
C)large business owners
D)white-collar workers
Q4) Describe what changes occurred in Paris as a result of the transformation ordered by Napoleon III.What types of changes were made,and what was the impact on the city?
Q5) The Napoleonic Code made French women,in effect,legal ________.
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Chapter 24: The Birth of Modern European Thought
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Q1) Explain the juxtaposing views held by Herbert Spencer and T.H.Huxley regarding evolutionary ethics.
Q2) Describe the steps taken by feminists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.What issues did they tackle,and what was the outcome? Were they successful in their causes?
Q3) In France,the French Catholic Church and the Third French Republic ________.
A)agreed to replace religious instruction with civic training
B)were formally separated in 1905
C)worked together to improve the education system
D)were essentially one institution
Q4) Why was the nineteenth century such a difficult period for Christian churches? What challenges did they face as Europe made advances in other areas?
Q5) Skeptics who questioned the morality of Christianity cited ________.
A)the cruelty and unpredictability of the Old Testament God
B)its intolerance against people of other faiths
C)the irrationality of the New Testament God
D)its lack of equality between men and women
Q6) Why did many late-nineteenth century writers exhibit hostility toward women? What led to such a viewpoint?
Page 29
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Chapter 25: The Age of Western Imperialism
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Q1) Prior to 1870,which of the following was the greatest threat to British domination of foreign markets?
A)increased competition by major European nations
B)resistance to British goods by native populations in foreign markets
C)opposition to British imperialism in Africa,Asia,and the Americas
D)government interference in the form of tariffs,subsidies,and price controls
Q2) India was formally ruled by which of the following until 1857?
A)small local rulers of independent states
B)the Mughal emperor
C)the East India Company
D)the British crown
Q3) The theory of the multiple origins of the races of humankind was known as ________.
Q4) Laos and Cambodia became protectorates of ________ in the 1880s and 1890s.
A)France
B)the United States
C)China
D)Japan
Q5) Japan became a major imperial power in Asia in 1895 after defeating ________.
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Q6) U.S.support for Cuba's revolt led to the ________.
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Chapter 26: Alliances, War, and a Troubled Peace
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which phrase best characterizes Bismarck's view of Germany's relationship with France during the early 1870s?
A)mutually beneficial
B)damage control
C)friendly
D)openly antagonistic
Q2) The tsar and his family were murdered by ________.
Q3) The disintegration of the German army forced ________ to abdicate on November 9,1918.
Q4) What was Bismarck's plan for ensuring German power and security on the European continent? How did world events and German actions after 1900 upend the European equilibrium that Bismarck had tried to maintain?
Q5) Woodrow Wilson called America's war aims the ________.
Q6) Mainly due to the British forces,by October 30,1918,________ was out of the war.
A)Palestine
B)Turkey
C)Iraq
D)Iran
Q7) Any kind of ________ was generally understood to be equivalent to an act of war.
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Chapter 27: The Interwar Years: the Challenge of Dictators and Depression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the New Economic Policy,________.
A)the Soviets did not have to pay taxes
B)the government restricted free trade
C)private economic enterprise was permitted
D)peasants hoarded grain
Q2) Refer to the excerpt "Cinema of the Political Left and Right." What aspects of the cinema made the Nazi and Soviet regimes so interested in film? How did the films of such artists as Leni Riefenstahl affect the regimes? Based on this excerpt,do you believe the films were art,propaganda,or both? Explain.
Q3) Other than the Communist Party,the political parties in Yugoslavia each represented
A)a particular region of the country
B)a particular ethnic group
C)the nation
D)a particular ideology
Q4) The ________ dominated the government of Yugoslavia.
Q5) In Poland in 1926,________ launched a military coup.
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Q6) ________ enunciated the doctrine of "socialism in one country."
Q7) The Great Depression began in the year ________.
Q8) Italy became a single-party,dictatorial state in ________.
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Chapter 28: World War Ii
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to the excerpt "Rosie the Riveter and the American Women in the War Effort." How did the onset of,and American involvement in,World War II change the place of women and minorities in American society? What prejudice did they need to overcome? In what ways did women contribute to the war effort?
Q2) Despite their open hostility to communism,the United States and Great Britain felt the Soviet Union's cooperation in the war effort was essential to ending the war.Explain why the West wanted an alliance with the Soviet Union and how this single-minded desire eventually allowed the Soviet Union to dominate Eastern Europe.
Q3) The Soviet Union's response to Germany's attack against it led to ________.
A)the collapse of communism
B)the destruction of the Soviet military
C)the Soviet Union's establishment as a world power second to the United States
D)the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union
Q4) The term Anschluss refers to the ________.
A)German invasion of Poland
B)alliance of Germany,Japan,and Italy
C)union of Germany with Austria following the 1938 German invasion
D)shared tradition of anti-Semitism in Austria and Germany
Q5) In 1945,the French formed the ________ Republic.
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Chapter 29: The Cold War Era, decolonization, and the
Emergence of a New Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who called the Soviet Union an "evil empire"?
A)Pope John Paul II
B)U.S.President Ronald Reagan
C)U.S.President Jimmy Carter
D)Mohandas Gandhi
Q2) The first meaningful elections since the 1950s were held in Iraq in ________.
A)1985
B)1995
C)2005
D)1975
Q3) Which of the following came first in the breakup of Yugoslavia?
A)NATO bombing of Serbia
B)war in Kosovo
C)war in Bosnia
D)Kosovo declares its independence
Q4) Putin's foreign policy goals include ________.
A)asserting dominance over nations once part of the Soviet Union
B)greater NATO involvement in former Soviet blocs
C)supporting the American-led war in Iraq
D)helping Chechnya become politically and economically independent
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Chapter 30: Social, cultural, and Economic Challenges in the West Through the Present
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Sample Questions
Q1) It can be argued that Bismarck extended social welfare in order to _________.
A)oppose Soviet communism
B)bring about German unification
C)defuse calls for political participation
D)achieve economic stability
Q2) The 1986 disaster at the ________ nuclear reactor in the Soviet Union heightened concern about environmental issues and raised questions that no European government could ignore.
Q3) The first major European nation to begin to create a welfare state was ________.
A)Spain
B)France
C)Germany
D)Great Britain
Q4) Germany's reliance on "guest workers" is an example of the impact of Europe's _______.
A)booming economy
B)decolonization
C)falling birthrate
D)late industrialization
Q5) The European Community's common currency is called the ________.
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