History of Europe: Antiquity to Renaissance Practice Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive exploration of European history from ancient civilizations through the Renaissance period. Students will examine the political, social, economic, and cultural developments that shaped Europe, beginning with the Greek and Roman worlds, transitioning through the Middle Ages, and culminating with the transformative changes of the Renaissance. The course emphasizes key events and figures, such as the rise and fall of empires, the diffusion of Christianity, the formation of medieval societies, and the rebirth of classical knowledge and artistic expressions during the Renaissance. Through analysis of primary sources and scholarly interpretations, students will gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic forces that influenced the evolution of European civilization up to the early modern era.
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Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition by Marvin Perry(check images and others
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) The Phoenicians' way of life revolved around
A) settled agriculture.
B) constant welfare.
C) nomadic sheepherding.
D) commercial trade.
E) caravan trade.
Answer: D
Q2) On the map of the Near East, use different colors to sketch in the areas where the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations were found.
Answer: The Mesopotamian civilization was located in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which is present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Turkey. You can sketch this area with one color on the map.
The Egyptian civilization was located along the Nile River in present-day Egypt. You can sketch this area with a different color on the map.
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) Deborah
Answer: Deborah was a prophetess and judge in the Old Testament of the Bible. She is mentioned in the Book of Judges, chapters 4 and 5.
Who? - Deborah was a prophetess and judge in ancient Israel.
What? - She played a significant role in leading the Israelites in a successful battle against their oppressors, the Canaanites.
Where? - This took place in the region of Israel during the time of the judges.
When? - The events involving Deborah are believed to have occurred around the 12th century BCE.
Why Important? - Deborah is important because she was a rare female leader in a male-dominated society and her leadership and guidance were instrumental in the Israelites' victory. She is also an example of faith and courage in the face of adversity.
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Q1) Which of the following statements describes Anaximander's work with the Ionian school of philosophy?
A) He believed the primary substance was fire.
B) He contended that nature was lawful.
C) Water was referred to as the primary substance.
D) Floods were said to have been caused by Poseidon.
E) He supported the creation myths.
Answer: B
Q2) Political freedom according to Athenians would result in
A) participating in civic affairs.
B) loyalty to the clan.
C) harmony of physical and mental attributes.
D) the full development and enrichment of the human personality.
E) preserving the independence of the fatherland.
Answer: D
Q3) Aristotle
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter
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Q1) The Second Punic War ended when Hannibal was defeated by A) Julius Caesar
B) Scipio Africanus
C) Spartacus
D) Marcus Sergius
E) Cincinnatus
Q2) On the map of Europe, fill in the area that was controlled by the Roman Empire under Augustus.
Q3) Horace
Q4) One of the consequences of Roman expansion during the Republic was
A) the introduction of slavery to Rome.
B) Roman contact with the legal experience of the Greeks and other peoples, which influenced the law of nations.
C) the concept of equal citizenship except for freed slaves.
D) the enslavement of Roman citizens.
E) higher taxation of conquered peoples.
Q5) Did Roman expansion following the Punic Wars produce essentially beneficial results? Does it provide examples of the inhumanity that a conqueror may exhibit? Explain.
Q6) Tiberius Gracchus
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) The Essenes
A) were willing to work with Roman governors.
B) refused to pay taxes to the Roman Emperor.
C) denied the Trinity.
D) claimed descent from the priest Sadok.
E) were followers of the "Teacher of Righteousness."
Q2) On the map of Europe, trace the missionary activities of Paul of Tarsus.
Q3) Which Roman emperor made Christianity the official religion of Rome?
A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Diocletian
C) Septimius Severus
D) Theodosius I
E) Nerva
Q4) Of the following, which group developed a monastic-like community near the Dead Sea?
A) Descendants of Sadok
B) Sadducees
C) Zealots
D) Essenes
E) Pharisees
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of Classical, Christian, and Germanic Traditions
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Q1) Explain the rise and application of anti-semitism in medieval Europe?
Q2) How did the Carolingians change Europe? You should consider its political, cultural, and intellectual effect on Europe.
Q3) How is Islam related to Christianity?
Q4) How was classical culture preserved by the Byzantine Empire and Arabia scholars?
Q5) Pope Urban II
Q6) Abbasid caliphs
Q7) Which of the following does NOT describe the gradual differences that eventually separated Latin Christendom and Byzantium?
A) Byzantium eventually adopted the Persian language.
B) Rome refused to recognize Byzantine emperors.
C) Byzantine emperors ruled over a theocracy.
D) Iconography became an issue between the two churches
E) With time, Byzantine became more Eastern in culture.
Q8) Charles Martel
Q9) excommunication
Q10) Gregorian Reform Page 8
Q12) William the Conqueror
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Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) How does Marsiglio's critique anticipate modern political thought?
A) Theocracies are best to enforce Christian values.
B) States and their principles have nothing to do with religious commands.
C) Political systems deal with supernatural
D) State laws originate from a higher realm.
E) Political thinkers should attempt to make the earthly realm confirm to the articles of faith.
Q2) Dante Alighieri is most associated with which work
A) The Song of Roland
B) The Divine Comedy
C) Summa Theologica
D) Corpus Juris Civiliis
E) Entre en Espagne
Q3) John Wycliffe believed that the sacraments
A) were necessary for salvation.
B) were necessary for salvation except when no priest was available when an individual died.
C) should be limited to two alone, baptism and extreme unction.
D) were unnecessary for salvation.
E) represented the body and blood of Christ.
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following said "I can work miracles?"
A) Michelangelo
B) Raphael
C) Leonardo da Vinci
D) Giotto
E) Jan Van Eyck
Q2) Elaborate on the meaning of the term renaissance. Was it a rebirth, a period of transition, or a sharp break with the past?
Q3) Which layperson led the Catholic Counter Reformation?
A) Ignatius Loyola
B) Erasmus
C) Severus
D) Philip
E) Wycliffe
Q4) Did the Reformation begin with Martin Luther? How did writers, thinkers, dissenters, and events prior to 1517 help prepare the way for Luther?
Q5) Elizabeth I
Q6) Edict of Nantes
Q7) Protestants
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution
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Q1) William and Mary
Q2) The first new areas settled by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century were
A) the Balearic Islands.
B) Tunisia and adjacent North African towns.
C) the Orkneys.
D) the western coast of India.
E) Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Azores Islands.
Q3) Describe some ways religious dissension proved to be a most unsettling factor in the development of modern states of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Q4) the Tudor dynasty
Q5) The system of peasant farming and land distribution in medieval villages was known as
A) enclosure.
B) the three-field system.
C) the open-field system.
D) convertible husbandry.
E) the leasehold.
Q6) Oliver Cromwell
Q7) Cardinal Richelieu
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific
Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) The first successful encyclopedia was published by
A) Denis Diderot.
B) Ephraim Chambers.
C) Chevalier Ramsay.
D) Jean d'Alembert.
E) Voltaire.
Q2) Voltaire attributed many of the ills of French society to which of the following?
A) Muslim extremists
B) The clergy
C) The deists
D) The atheists
E) Established Christianity
Q3) Rousseau's Emile was written about
A) political reforms.
B) slavery.
C) prison reforms.
D) economic reforms.
E) educational reforms.
Q4) heliocentric theory
Page 13
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) All of the following were among the principles incorporated into the Code Napoleon except
A) equality of all adult men before the law.
B) freedom of religion.
C) restoration of seized lands to émigré nobles.
D) protection of property rights.
E) abolition of serfdom.
Q2) On a blank map of Europe, trace in the areas where the Great Fear and the revolt in the Vendée occurred.
Q3) All of the following created a tremendous burden on the French national treasury except
A) France's aid to the colonists in the American Revolution.
B) the king's gifts and pensions to court nobles.
C) the extravagant court life.
D) the enormous debt incurred during the wars of Louis X1V.
E) taxes created to encourage investments were too high hurting the merchant-class.
Q4) san-culottes
Q5) Thermidor
Q6) Continental System
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) Chartists
Q2) The first railroad in England connected
A) Manchester and Liverpool
B) London and Birmingham
C) Liverpool and London
D) Plymouth and Manchester
E) Birmingham and Manchester
Q3) All of the following are true of Britain in the nineteenth century except
A) it was a constitutional monarchy with many limits on the powers of the king and state.
B) it was a truly democratic state.
C) landed aristocrats dominated both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
D) the middle class and working class slowly gained the right to vote.
E) many towns continued to be governed by corrupt groups.
Q4) The Education Act of 1870
Q5) What could newcomers to the working class experience as they came to the city? If life was so difficult in the cities, why did workers continue to go there?
Q6) William Siemens
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) The bourgeoisie in the nineteenth century usually supported
A) socialism.
B) liberalism.
C) technocratic socialism.
D) Hegelian dialectics.
E) radicalism.
Q2) nationalism
Q3) Which statement best portrays what Romantics thought about history and historians?
A) History is a collection of unique eras and should emphasize the particular.
B) History should be used to teach people how not to repeat past mistakes.
C) History is a list of human folly and error.
D) Historians can never shed light on the creative spirit of human experience.
E) History is best written as a creative expression of the historian's spirit.
Q4) What were the political views of Edmund Burke?
Q5) What is meant by the term romanticism? hHow did the romantics differ from the philosophes?
Q6) liberalism
Q7) Victor Hugo
Q8) Immanuel Kant Page 16
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) Liberal gains due to the 1848 revolutions included the right to vote by all Frenchmen, the abolition of serfdom in Austria, and
A) the establishment of parliament in Prussia.
B) liberal reforms including legal guarantee of basic rights.
C) power in the hands of the middle class.
D) power in the hands of the working class.
E) power in the hands of the military.
Q2) According to the text, after 1867, which ethnic groups were dominant in the Hapsburg Empire?
A) Austrians and Bulgarians
B) Germans and Slovenians
C) Czechs and Romanians
D) Czechs and Bosnians
E) Magyars and Germans
Q3) South Slavs
Q4) Otto von Bismarck
Q5) William I
Q6) Giuseppe Garibaldi
Q7) Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
Q8) Giuseppe Mazzini
18
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, Positivism, Darwinism, and Social
Criticism
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Q1) What is the theme of the illustration in the text, A Caricature of Darwin?
A) Man evolved from Adam and Eve.
B) Man reverted back to inferior specie.
C) The history of the specie of the ape, involved the evolution of man.
D) It is being used by creationists to picture man as a savage animal.
E) God designed both the ape and man separately.
Q2) What arguments were used to challenge Marxism?
Q3) Referring to the primary source in the text, The Descent of Man, by Darwin which of the following is NOT used to prove his theory?
A) Information from the Bible that can be interpreted to prove his theory of evolution.
B) Similarity of species.
C) Geographical distribution of specie.
D) Physical construction,
E) Modern scientific knowledge.
Q4) Laissez faire
Q5) On a blank map of Europe, designate with arrows where each of the following persons' revolutionary theories originated: Auguste Comte, Charles Darwin, and Karl Marx.
Q6) How did Marx explain that capitalism would be destroyed? Page 20
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Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century:
Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism
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Q1) The emergence of large industrial and commercial cities (megalopolis) introduced a class system that included all of the following except
A) a middle class.
B) slaves from African colonies.
C) a declining artisan class.
D) factory workers.
E) a growing while collar group.
Q2) What did Queen Victoria call "that mad, wicked folly"?
A) Paris Commune
B) Irish Home Rule
C) Women's suffrage
D) Dreyfus Affair
E) Marxism
Q3) Georges Clemenceau
Q4) Explain what is meant by the Second Industrial Revolution. To what degree was it involved with technological and scientific developments?
Q5) On a map of Europe, designate at least five cities that had 100,000 or more inhabitants between 1800 and 1900.
Q6) Mao Zedong
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature,
Human Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Picasso and Stravinsky, it may be said, were
A) both innovators, but in different fields.
B) innovative surrealist painters.
C) interested in opposing modernism.
D) intellectuals who influenced social thought.
E) both musicians.
Q2) The term nihilism means
A) rejection of any absolute moral or social values.
B) belief that the universe is indecipherable chaos.
C) rejection of one's parents' beliefs.
D) the belief that God is present in everything.
E) rejection of socialism.
Q3) Albert Einstein
Q4) Social thinkers diagnosed the ills of modernizing societies in various different ways in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. What were the different diagnoses and who was responsible for each one?
Q5) Second Scientific Revolution
Q6) Pablo Picasso
Q7) anomie
Q8) Max Weber Page 23
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) Gavrilo Princip
Q2) Each of the following is correct except
A) American security could be jeopardized by German domination of Western Europe.
B) the United States was the principal supplier for Britain during the war.
C) Woodrow Wilson believed that the United States must enter the war.
D) unrestricted submarine warfare prompted the American entrance into the war.
E) Americans had little concern for a loss of prestige if the United States didn't enter the war in 1917.
Q3) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the war between A) Germany and Russia.
B) France and Germany.
C) The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance.
D) The Ottoman Empire and Germany.
E) Italy and Austria.
Q4) First Balkan War
Q5) Why were some poets and intellectuals upset that there had been peace for so long? Would you apply those sentiments to contemporary society? Discuss.
Q6) Woodrow Wilson
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) Each of the following was part of the formative experiences of Hitler except A) a month-long imprisonment for vagrancy in Vienna.
B) combat experience in World War I.
C) the influence of Karl Lueger.
D) the propaganda of the Pan-German movement.
E) rejection for admission by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.
Q2) In Darkness at Noon, Arthur Koestler wrote about
A) the Old Bolsheviks who had been imprisoned and executed by Stalin.
B) the violent language Hitler used to describe Jews.
C) soldiers fears on the western front during WWI.
D) the growing pessimism in Europe after WWI.
E) increased likelihood of a second war because of Fascism.
Q3) Which one of these writers was least likely to defend Christian traditions and morals?
A) Reinhold Niebuhr
B) Karl Barth
C) Paul Tillich
D) Jacques Maritain
E) Jean Paul Sartre
Q4) socialist realism
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Chapter 20: World War 2: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) The German general in charge of forcing at the Battle of El Alamein was
A) Rudolf Hess
B) Hermann Georing
C) Friedrich Paulus
D) Erwin Rommel
E) Claus von Stauffenberg
Q2) Winston Churchill
Q3) Why did thousands of Americans and Europeans become involved in the Spanish Civil War?
A) They recognized the dangerous possibility that communism would succeed in Spain.
B) They fought as mercenaries.
C) They were fighting for a victorious democratic Spain.
D) Many joined with the Italian fighting to uphold the Spanish Republic.
E) Franco was seen as the embodiment of the Enlightenment.
Q4) D-Day
Q5) Final Solution
Q6) On a map of Europe, fill in the following areas using colored pencils: Hitler's Greater Germany, states allied with Germany, and areas occupied by Germany and its allies.
Page 27
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Chapter 21: Europe After World War 2: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) When the United States withdrew its forces from Vietnam, Cambodian Communists known as ____ seized power under their leader, Pol Pot.
A) Vietcong
B) Khmer Rouge
C) Volunteers
D) Phnom Penh
E) the Black Shirts
Q2) Truman Doctrine
Q3) The Polish electrician that became the leader of Solidarity was_________.
A) Lech Walesa
B) Vaclav Havel
C) Wojciech Jaruzelski
D) Tedor Zhivkov
E) Janos Kadar
Q4) On blank map of Europe, label the countries in present day Europe since the demise of the Soviet Union.
Q5) socialism with a human face
Q6) Cuban Missile Crisis
Q7) Domino Effect
Q8) Berlin Wall Page 28
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Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) The chief beneficiaries of "shock therapy" in Russia, at least in the short term, were
A) employees of privatized firms.
B) pensioners.
C) former Soviet managers.
D) foreign investors.
E) workers.
Q2) The Russian oligarchs who financed Boris Yeltsin's reelection in 1996 became wealthy by
A) entrepreneurship in producing software for overseas clients.
B) acquiring former state enterprises at bargain-basement prices.
C) extorting protection money from Russian and foreign businesses.
D) foreign investments, particularly in China.
E) taking over private businesses seized by the government.
Q3) Chechnya
Q4) In many ways one can say that the course of the war in Afghanistan parallels that of Vietnam, discuss and give examples.
Q5) Slobodan Milosevic
Q6) Tony Blair
Q7) Angela Merkel
Page 30
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