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History of Europe: Antiquity to Renaissance Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course surveys the major political, social, cultural, and economic developments in European history from the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome through the transformative centuries leading to the Renaissance. Emphasizing key events, figures, and movements, students will explore the formation of early European states, the rise and fall of empires, the spread of Christianity, the feudal system, and the rebirth of classical knowledge during the Renaissance. The course provides a foundation for understanding how Europe's past has shaped the world and continues to influence contemporary society.
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Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition by Marvin Perry(check images and others
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Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) cuneiform
Answer: Cuneiform is a system of writing that was used in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly by the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. It is one of the earliest known forms of writing, dating back to around 3200 BCE. Cuneiform was created by pressing a reed stylus into clay tablets to create wedge-shaped characters. It was used for recording administrative, economic, and religious information, as well as literature and poetry. Cuneiform was primarily used in the region of Mesopotamia, which is modern-day Iraq and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey. It was in use for over three thousand years, until it was eventually replaced by the alphabet. Cuneiform is important because it represents one of the earliest forms of written communication and played a crucial role in the development of human civilization. It allowed for the recording and preservation of knowledge, history, and culture, and contributed to the advancement of society in ancient Mesopotamia.
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) Solomon
Answer: Solomon was a biblical figure known for his wisdom and wealth. He was the son of King David and the third king of Israel. He is best known for building the first temple in Jerusalem and for his legendary wisdom, as demonstrated in the famous story of the two women who claimed to be the mother of the same baby.
Who: Solomon was the son of King David and the third king of Israel.
What: He is best known for his wisdom and for building the first temple in Jerusalem.
Where: Solomon ruled over the kingdom of Israel, with his capital in Jerusalem.
When: Solomon's reign is believed to have been around the 10th century BCE.
Why Important: Solomon is important because of his wisdom, his role in building the first temple, and his significance in biblical history. He is also known for his wealth and his many accomplishments as a ruler.
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Q1) A Greek contribution to Western civilization was
A) the application of reason to the understanding of the meaning of life.
B) Hellenistic foreign policy.
C) the principle of women's rights.
D) the union of religion and politics from which Greek ethics is derived.
E) ethical monotheism.
Answer: A
Q2) The Minoans were
A) an early Greek civilization located on Crete.
B) builders of elaborate palace complexes
C) a militaristic empire that dominated the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
D) evacuated to Italy after an earthquake
E) the founders of democracy
Answer: B
Q3) Aristotle
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter
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Q1) Which of the following emperors divided Rome into two western and eastern Rome?
A) Octavian
B) Valerian
C) Caligula
D) Claudius
E) Constantine
Q2) Hannibal
Q3) Pax Romana
Q4) The Roman historian that denounced the Roman imperial system was
A) Ovid
B) Tacitus
C) Horace
D) Seneca
E) Cladius
Q5) The Roman Empire will actually survive into the 15<sup>th</sup> century as A) the Byzantine Empire.
B) a Germanic Empire of the Goths.
C) province of the Mongolian Empire
D) the Vatican
E) the western province of the Islamic Empire.
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) The sack of Rome was the occasion for
A) the pope's flight to North Africa.
B) the writing of The City of God.
C) concessions to those believing in Gnosticism.
D) rethinking the hierarchy of the Roman Church.
E) the writing of the Confessions of Saint Augustine.
Q2) Edict of Milan
Q3) In order to study Jesus, modern historians rely on A) Roman historians accounts of his teaching
B) Jewish records of his life
C) Jesus' own writings from the first century A.D.
D) the New Testament
E) writing of his followers written during Jesus' life
Q4) Synoptic Gospels
Q5) Explain ways in which the Jewish community might have been able to accept Jesus as a prophet.
Q6) Saint Augustine
Q7) Paul
Q8) Petra
Q9) Arius
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of Classical, Christian, and Germanic Traditions
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Q1) Attitudes toward the Jewish community in medieval Europe were predicated upon the belief that
A) all Jews for all time were guilty of deicide.
B) Jews practiced ritual killing of Christian children.
C) Jews crucified Jesus
D) Jews were responsible for the Black Plague
E) All of these were charged against Jews.
Q2) One may correctly describe Byzantine civilization as
A) being predominantly Islamic.
B) being economically more advanced than the Latin West.
C) letting the cultural life lag while pursuing trade.
D) being centered upon Cairo.
E) accepting the Pope as head of all Christians.
Q3) The Frankish leader that converted to Roman Catholicism was
A) Charlemagne
B) Pepin
C) Clovis
D) Charles Martel
E) Boniface
Q4) Clovis
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Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) The geocentric model of the universe fit with the Christian worldview in that A) it accorded with the idea that God created the universe for human beings.
B) some monotheistic groups worshipped the sun.
C) Christians did not think of heaven as a physical place.
D) Christians were opposed to sun worship because it was pagan.
E) it put man at the highest rung of the cosmic ladder.
Q2) Roman law
Q3) When Aristotle's writings were translated into Latin and reintroduced to the West
A) church scholars accepted them enthusiastically.
B) church scholars largely discounted them as pagan delusions.
C) there was controversy about whether they would endanger faith.
D) there were doubts about whether the writings were really Aristotle's.
E) they were found to be synonymous with Christian beliefs.
Q4) The Canterbury Tales
Q5) Philip IV
Q6) Discuss the idea of "courtly love" and how this idea transformed the role of knights in medieval society.
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Q7) How did medieval thought connect reason and religion within their view of the universe?
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) Pope Julius II
Q2) The Last Supper was painted by which Renaissance artist
A) Masaccio
B) Michelangelo
C) Leonardo da Vinci
D) Donatello
E) Leon Battista Alberti
Q3) All of the following indicate the Renaissance age as an era of transition between the medieval and the modern age except
A) the rejection of certain elements of the medieval outlook.
B) Lorenzo Valla's dating of the Donation of Constantine.
C) the revival of classical cultural forms.
D) the emergence of distinctly modern attitudes.
E) the quest to imitate classical style and to capture the secular spirit of antiquity.
Q4) Lorenzo Valla
Q5) Protestants
Q6) How was the Italian city-state of the Late Middle Ages fundamentally different from other European states?
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Q7) William Shakespeare
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution
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Q1) The English ruler that attempted to restore Catholicism was
A) Henry VIII
B) Edward VI
C) Elizabeth I
D) Mary I
E) Oliver Cromwell
Q2) enclosure
Q3) Activities of Hernando Cortés include
A) a temporary trading arrangement with the Aztecs.
B) his marriage to an Aztec princess.
C) his coronation as a king among the Aztecs.
D) proselytizing among the Indians as a missionary.
E) conquest of the Aztecs.
Q4) Vasco da Gama
Q5) The rise of Capitalism is most tied to which two countries
A) England and Netherlands
B) France and Germany
C) America and England
D) Spain and England
E) Italy and Netherlands
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific
Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Who said, "I think therefore I am"?
A) Trismegistus
B) Descartes
C) Galen
D) Atwood
E) Newton
Q2) The new model put forth by Copernicus and Galileo that believed that the planets orbited the sun was known as
A) heliocentric model.
B) geocentric model.
C) epicenter model.
D) mathematical model.
E) epicycle model.
Q3) Enlightenment philosophes generally approved of Thomas Hobbes's
A) advocacy of absolutist monarchy.
B) contract theory of government.
C) refusal to bring God into his political theories.
D) Deism.
E) outlook on education.
Q4) Encyclopedia
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) The Spanish ulcer refers to the
A) Spanish war of liberation from French occupation and domination.
B) Russian war of liberation.
C) Spanish acceptance of Joseph as king.
D) Spanish war with England.
E) Prussian war of liberation.
Q2) Louis XVIII
Q3) Continental System
Q4) Duke of Wellington
Q5) Valmy
Q6) All of the following were among the principles incorporated into the Code Napoleon except
A) equality of all adult men before the law.
B) freedom of religion.
C) restoration of seized lands to émigré nobles.
D) protection of property rights.
E) abolition of serfdom.
Q7) Great Fear
Q8) How was the French Revolution an outgrowth of the Enlightenment? Page 14
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) The Combination Acts made
A) unions illegal.
B) child labor legal.
C) factory hours dependent on municipal laws.
D) education mandatory.
E) women's pay equal.
Q2) As the impact of the Industrial Revolution grew, one may say that
A) the middle class of Western Europe gained political power by the early eighteenth century.
B) landed power in Western Europe was quickly displaced.
C) by the end of the nineteenth century, the bourgeois politicians shared power with the aristocracy in Western Europe.
D) in Eastern Europe, the archaic aristocracy was very quickly displaced by the emerging bourgeoisie.
E) peasants shared power with the aristocracy.
Q3) urbanization
Q4) The Factory Act (1847)
Q5) How did reformers attempt to respond to the changing industrial society? Consider the political, social, and philosophical reform movements.
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Which of the following may not be associated with Kant?
A) One cannot actually know ultimate reality.
B) Objects conform to the human mind because the mind creates order within nature.
C) The mind is a tabula rasa.
D) The mind has its own inherent logic.
E) The mind imposes structure and order on our sense experiences.
Q2) John Constable
Q3) What is meant by the term liberalism? How did the liberals seek to promote the gains of the French revolution in the nineteenth century?
Q4) Which of the following shows the dark side of romanticism?
A) It served as background to the extreme nationalism of the twentieth century.
B) It promoted drama and poetry.
C) It supported the idea that the individual artist should follow his or her imagination.
D) It focused on the creative capacities inherent in human emotions.
E) The Romantics shed light on a side of human nature overlooked by the philosophes.
Q5) Conservatism
Q6) modern nationalism
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) Battle of Sadowa
Q2) According to the authors, Bismarck
A) did everything possible to prevent the outbreak of war with France in 1870.
B) incited Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen to seek the Spanish throne.
C) attempted to back out of the Franco-Prussian War at the last moment.
D) used the Franco Prussian War to gain Southern German support.
E) made an alliance with the Piedmont.
Q3) Which European leader ordered the collection of taxes without parliamentary approval?
A) Cavour
B) Mazzini
C) Bismarck
D) King William
E) Napoleon III
Q4) Magyars
Q5) Young Italy
Q6) William I
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Q7) Explain how the revolutions of 1848 demonstrated that nationalism and liberalism were not necessarily compatible.
Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, Positivism, Darwinism, and Social
Criticism
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Q1) According to Soren Kierkegaard, Christianity
A) was an objective truth.
B) could be proven through reason.
C) pacified the poor and oppressed.
D) was a leap of faith.
E) had nothing to offer the modern citizen.
Q2) What is the theme of the illustration in the text, A Caricature of Darwin?
A) Man evolved from Adam and Eve.
B) Man reverted back to inferior specie.
C) The history of the specie of the ape, involved the evolution of man.
D) It is being used by creationists to picture man as a savage animal.
E) God designed both the ape and man separately.
Q3) Gustave Flaubert
Q4) Briefly define realism and naturalism. Referring to specific writers and their works, comment on the nature of the impact of these movements.
Q5) According to Karl Marx, how does history unfold? How is the movement of history connected to Marx's larger view of human society?
Q6) Leo Tolstoy
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Q7) Social Darwinism
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Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century:
Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism
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Q1) Who should be credited with publicizing the dreadful conditions imposed on blacks who worked on rubber plantations in the Congo?
A) Mohandas Gandhi
B) Edward Morel
C) Charles Gordon
D) David Livingstone
E) Henry Stanley
Q2) As nationalism grew more extreme it evolved into all of the following EXCEPT
A) it became the seedbed for World War One and Two.
B) it became one of the causes of imperialism in Asia and Africa.
C) Judaism was accepted as a cultural and national heritage of the nation.
D) the needs of the nation transcended the rights of the individual.
E) wars were seen as purifying force.
Q3) The Kulturkampf was Bismarck's attempt at subjugating
A) German Catholics
B) Jews
C) Socialists
D) French Partisans
E) Industrialists
Q4) Kulturkampf
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature,
Human Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Igor Stravinsky
Q2) Picasso and Stravinsky, it may be said, were
A) both innovators, but in different fields.
B) innovative surrealist painters.
C) interested in opposing modernism.
D) intellectuals who influenced social thought.
E) both musicians.
Q3) Friedrich Nietzsche
Q4) the steel cage
Q5) In general, modernist artists
A) strove to duplicate what they saw in the world.
B) rejected the notion of reproducing what they saw exactly.
C) imitated the work of "primitive" artists in non-western cultures.
D) believed that art should be socially relevant.
E) accepted the Renaissance view of the world as inherently orderly and rational.
Q6) On a map of Europe, locate the site each of these historical personalities or artists is associated with: Pareto, Nietzsche, Einstein, Picasso, Stravinsky, Weber, Freud, and Durkheim.
?
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) In the years before World War I, tensions between Austria and Serbia were inflamed by
A) Serbia defeat at the hands of Germany during the Balkan Wars.
B) Austrian refusal to sell arms to Serbia.
C) a Russian attempt to open the Straits of Dardanelles by force.
D) Austria's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
E) Austrian friendship with Russia.
Q2) Explain the reasons that impelled the United States to enter the war. Explain why the United States waited so long to enter the conflict.
Q3) Aleksandr Kerensky
Q4) Verdun
Q5) Triple Alliance
Q6) Germany's Grand Offensive which began on March 21, 1918 was planned to A) take advantage of the Russian surrender.
B) take advantage of the low morale of the French soldiers.
C) bring aid to Germany's allies.
D) win the war before Americans appeared on the front.
E) renew support for a failing public support for the war.
Q7) Trench Warfare
Q8) Greater Serbia
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) Why was the Soviet Union so popular to so many intellectuals? Name some who criticized the communist experiment.
Q2) Pablo Picasso
Q3) How may one say that the experience of Nazism illustrates the dynamic power of myth? How did myth confer power on Hitler's movement?
Q4) List some of the main elements of twentieth-century existential thought.
Q5) George Orwell
Q6) It has been said that revolutionaries often become more tyrannical than those they have overthrown. Does this remark apply to the era of the early Russian Revolution? Explain.
Q7) Which of the following is NOT true?
A) A multiple party system paralyzed any reform in Italy.
B) Italian intellectuals fearing civil war broke with Mussolini.
C) The middle class feared that growing power of labor unions threatened them.
D) The results of World War One for Italy outraged Italians.
E) Mussolini was able to exploit the unrest in Italy and take power.
Q8) Kristallnacht
Q9) In what ways did the work of Lenin contribute to an ideology of world revolution?
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Chapter 20: World War 2: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) Nations finally reacted to German aggression after
A) the Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed.
B) Germany installed a fascist regime in Spain.
C) the fall of Czechoslovakia.
D) the League of Nations reacted to Italian invasion of Ethiopia.
E) Germany introduced military conscription.
Q2) The German general in charge of forcing at the Battle of El Alamein was
A) Rudolf Hess
B) Hermann Georing
C) Friedrich Paulus
D) Erwin Rommel
E) Claus von Stauffenberg
Q3) What types of resistance movements existed in Europe during World War II? Explain.
Q4) On a map of Europe, designate the location of the following military engagements: Warsaw, Dunkirk, the London blitz, Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad, and Normandy.
Q5) On a map of East Asia, note the following sites: Midway Island, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki.
Q6) Blitzkrieg
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Chapter 21: Europe After World War 2: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) How did European and Western powers deal with the revived calls for independence from their colonial holdings after World War II?
Q2) John Paul II
Q3) Which of the following statements is TRUE in regard to the war in Korea?
A) The United States sent troops to Korea when the United Nations refused to assist South Korea.
B) For the Americans, the action in Korea was an extension of the policy of containment.
C) The war in Korea began when Chinese troops crossed into South Korea.
D) As a result of the war, North and South Korea are governed by the United Nations.
E) Russian troops became an important factor in holding back United Nation attacks on the North.
Q4) What are the major ways that the Soviet Union and the United States attempted to extend their influence during the cold war?
Q5) Mikhail Gorbachev
Q6) Was Gorbachev trying to reform communism or end it? Explain.
Q7) Marshall Plan
Q8) Warsaw Pact
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Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) Bosnian Serbs
Q2) Vladimir Putin
Q3) How has terrorism become the defining feature of the twenty-first century?
Q4) Because of the inefficient factory and economic system in East Germany, unemployment reached ____ percent.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 25
D) 50
E) 30
Q5) Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)
Q6) Slobodan Milosevic
Q7) What prompted the American invasion of Afghanistan?
A) Fear that the Taliban were on the verge of developing a nuclear weapon
B) Fear that the Taliban possessed a stock of chemical weapons
C) The Taliban's refusal to surrender Osama bin Laden
D) To prevent the Afghans from invading Pakistan
E) The attack on the American interests in the Pacific by the Al Qaeda
Q8) Eurocrats
Q9) Al Qaeda Page 27
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