History of Europe: Ancient to Early Modern Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive survey of European history from ancient times through the early modern period. Students will explore the civilizations of Greece and Rome, the development of medieval societies, the transformation brought by the Renaissance, and the religious and political upheavals leading up to the Enlightenment. Key themes include cultural exchange, the evolution of governance, the role of religion, and the impact of major social, economic, and technological changes. By examining primary and secondary sources, students will gain insight into how historical events, ideas, and individuals shaped the foundation and transformation of Europe up to the seventeenth century.
Recommended Textbook
Western Heritage The Volume 1 11th Edition by Donald M. Kagan
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14 Chapters
1118 Verified Questions
1118 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23714
Sample Questions
Q1) When the Nile floodwaters receded each year, they left ________.
A) devastated communities in their wake
B) miles of ruined farm lands
C) a rich layer of organically fertile silt
D) an abundance of dead fish on the shore
Answer: C
Q2) For people of the Mideast, humanity as a group was viewed as ________.
A) able to control nature
B) needing to serve themselves
C) having been the cause of most disasters
D) inseparable from and unable to understand nature
Answer: D
Q3) The greatest achievement of Cambyses was the conquest of Egypt, establishing it as a ________, or province.
Answer: satrapy
Q4) The Persians adopted ________ as their official language, the most common language of Middle Eastern commerce.
Answer: Aramaic
Q5) The Assyrians spoke a ________ language closely related to Babylonian.
Answer: Semitic
3
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Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Greeks' period of freedom ended in the sixth century b.c.e.when the Greek colonial cities of Asia Minor came under the control of Persian ________ of Lydia.
A) King Leonidas
B) King Croesus
C) King Xerxes
D) General Mardonius
Answer: B
Q2) The Persians controlled both sides of the ________, the route to the grain fields beyond the Black Sea.
A) Euphrates River
B) Persian Canal
C) Pagasaean Gulf
D) Hellespont
Answer: D
Q3) In the seventh century b.c.e., Athens was a typical ________ polis.
Answer: aristocratic
Q4) ________ was the writer of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Answer: Homer
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After Cimon's ostracism in the spring of 461 b.c.e., Athens made an alliance with the city-state of ________, Sparta's traditional enemy.
A) Argos
B) Macedonia
C) Boeotia
D) Megara
Answer: A
Q2) In 399 b.c.e., an Athenian jury condemned ________ to death on the charges of bringing new gods into the city and of corrupting the youth.
A) Euripides
B) Plato
C) Socrates
D) Aristotle
Answer: C
Q3) The main function and responsibility of a respectable Athenian woman was to produce male heirs for the ________, or household, of her husband.
Answer: oikos
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Chapter 4: Rome: From Republic to Empire
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23717
Sample Questions
Q1) The Roman constitution was ________.
A) written on papyrus
B) engraved in stone
C) an unwritten accumulation of laws and customs
D) kept in a temple dedicated to Minerva
Q2) Because the Romans did not destroy the Latin cities after defeating them in 338 b.c.e., ________.
A) Carthage felt free to attack Rome
B) the Senate removed Sulla from his command
C) the Romans gathered more plunder when they attacked again in 336 b.c.e.
D) most of the cities remained loyal allies
Q3) Patrons gave clients protection and land to work.In return, clients gave patrons ________.
A) entertainment, in the form of mock combat
B) gifts in kind
C) naming rights to their children
D) political support
Q4) Because they thought he was trying to make himself into a king and abolish the Republic, a conspiracy led by Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus assassinated ________.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Roman Empire
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23718
Sample Questions
Q1) What made Maecenas, the cultural adviser to Augustus, important to literary circles?
A) He controlled imperial patronage for the arts.
B) He would bring Augustus to important parties.
C) He was an incisive critic.
D) He was a publisher.
Q2) According to Tacitus, why did Nero, in 64 c.e., kill a number of Christians in particularly horrific ways?
A) as punishment for arson
B) for the public good
C) to satisfy his own perverse desires
D) as a result of a clerical error
Q3) ________ believed in a world of divine and natural law, and his writings were read well into the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
Q4) Augustus introduced laws intended to proscribe moral behavior.What sort of behavior was codified, and who do you think would have suffered the most prosecution from these laws?
Q5) Augustus's imperial reign is known as the "Principate" after his title princeps, meaning "first ________."
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages:
Creating a New European Society and Culture (476 1000)
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23719
Sample Questions
Q1) Since the landed nobility in Western Europe did not have any fealty to the Frankish kings, the Merovingians established ________ with the hope that those men would be loyal to the crown.
A) vassels
B) counts
C) provincial governors
D) duchies
Q2) During Justinian's rule, the empire's strength lay in its ________.
A) cities
B) farms
C) mountains
D) suburbs
Q3) Pepin illustrates which of these aspects of medieval monarchy?
A) The popes could both make and unmake kings.
B) Kings were no more than the first among equals.
C) Kings owed their position to both their nobles and the church.
D) A clear definition had evolved between church and royal power.
Q4) Compare and contrast the schools Charlemagne created with the intellectual output of monasteries.Consider the content and intentions of education for each.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires
and States (1000 1300)
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23720
Sample Questions
Q1) The reign of Louis IX coincided with the golden age of ________, which saw the convergence of Europe's greatest thinkers on Paris.
Q2) Which of the following best describes Frederick II's relationship with the pope?
A) His relationship with the pope was disastrous; he was excommunicated four times.
B) His relationship with the pope was brilliant; he reestablished strong church-state relations.
C) His relationship with the pope was nonexistent; due to specific alliances, the papacy proved to be the enemy.
D) His relationship with the pope was tumultuous, but remained close.
Q3) The Fourth Crusade was indicative of the degeneration of the original crusading ideal in that the Crusade was transformed into a piratical, commercial venture controlled by the ________.
Q4) The High Middle Ages witnessed the peak of Romanesque art and the transition to ________.
Q5) The ________, introduced into southern France by Pope Gregory IX, created a formal tribunal to detect and punish heresy.
Q6) A grateful Pope John XII crowned Otto ________ on February 2, 962.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Medieval
Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000 1300)
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The University of ________ became the model for the study of theology.
A) Bologna
B) Berlin
C) Oxford
D) Paris
Q2) A new alliance that emerged from the twelfth century was cooperation between
A) landed and urban nobles
B) nobles and monarchs
C) towns and monarchs
D) monarchs and the papacy
Q3) Wergild payments can be used as evidence of _________.
Q4) The ceremonial entrance into knighthood was known as ________.
A) chivalry
B) initiation
C) dubbing
D) ordination
Q5) When and where was the liberal arts curriculum developed? What did it consist of? How has the liberal arts curriculum changed between its inception and the present?
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Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political
Breakdown (1300 1453)
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23722
Sample Questions
Q1) Founded in 1348, the ________ became the center for both Czech nationalism and a religious reform movement.
A) University of Kiev
B) University of Ostrava
C) University of Prague
D) University of Bonn
Q2) The nobles lost power relative to other groups in the wake of the plague because they were the ______.
A) largest landowners
B) most devout Christians
C) most malnourished
D) most influenced by the famines of the early 1300s
Q3) Generally speaking, the Black Death moved ________ through Europe.
A) slowly
B) north and west
C) from north to south
D) from rural to urban areas
Q4) What were the causes of the Hundred Years' War? Could any of these factors have been avoided or was war inevitable? Explain.
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Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23723
Sample Questions
Q1) Who is considered the "father of Renaissance painting"?
A) Donatello
B) Raphael
C) Michelangelo
D) Giotto
Q2) Which of the following comprised Florence's popolo grosso in the Renaissance?
A) the old merchant classes
B) the lower urban classes
C) guild masters
D) capitalists and bankers
Q3) Why did German humanists rush to Reuchlin's defense when Pfefferkorn attacked Reuchlin for being a Jew?
A) to promote pro-Jewish sentiment
B) to promote academic freedom and good scholarship
C) to promote Luther's ninety-five theses against indulgences
D) to support the Dominican order in Cologne
Q4) _________ was the scholarly study of the Latin and Greek classics and of the ancient Church Fathers, both for its own sake and in the hope of reviving respected ancient norms and values.
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Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23724
Sample Questions
Q1) What meeting did Charles V call in which Protestant and Catholic representatives addressed the growing religious divisions within the empire in the wake of the Reformation's success?
A) the Council of Trent
B) the Marburg Colloquy
C) the Diet of Worms
D) the Diet of Augsburg
Q2) Why did Martin Luther's message appeal to so many German princes? Explain how they used his critique of the church to strengthen their own political positions.
Q3) How did the Peace of Augsburg affect the spread of Calvinism throughout Europe? Do you believe it acted as a driving or hindering force? Explain.
Q4) The Reformation in Zurich was led by ________.
A) Ulrich Zwingli
B) John Calvin
C) Philip III
D) Blaise Pascal
Q5) The long-entrenched __________ system of the medieval church had permitted important ecclesiastical posts to be sold to the highest bidders.
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Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23725
Sample Questions
Q1) How did Spain come to control Portugal's overseas empire in Africa, Brazil, and India?
A) Spain took over the trading network when the Portuguese faced steep inflation in their homeland.
B) Portuguese merchants began using Spanish ports and paid heavy taxes to Spain.
C) Philip II inherited the throne of Portugal.
D) Philip II attacked Portugal and overcame its military forces.
Q2) What did the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye have in common with the January Edict?
A) Both restricted the liberties of Catholics in the French territories.
B) Both were issued by a convening of German lords to define religious toleration in their lands.
C) Both were issued by the French crown in an effort to grant religious freedoms to Protestants.
D) Both were issued by Spain in an effort to direct the Protestant restrictions in the Netherlands.
Q3) Many French aristocrats found ______________ religious convictions useful to their political goals.
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Chapter 13: European State -Consolidation in the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dangers and turmoil of Peter the Great's youth convinced him that the power of the tsar must be made secure from the jealousy of the ________.
Q2) What model of government was able to foster a strong monarchy with a secure financial base that was not dependent on noble estates, diets, or assemblies?
A) political absolutism embodied in France
B) political absolutism embodied in England
C) parliamentary monarchy embodied in the Netherlands
D) parliamentary monarchy embodied in England
Q3) Compare two noble groups in Europe in the early modern period-such as the boyars and junkers-and examine their agendas, their political power, and how they shaped both domestic and foreign policy.
Q4) What were the chief foreign threats to the Austrian Habsburgs during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? How did the Habsburg rulers seek to contain those threats?
Q5) Louis XIV's power and central position in French society were reflected in the unofficial title "The ________."
Q6) Peter the Great replaced the position of patriarch with the ________.
Q7) The Hohenzollern capital was at ________.
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Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23727
Sample Questions
Q1) During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the discoveries that most captured the public imagination were made in ________.
A) medicine
B) natural history
C) chemistry
D) astronomy
Q2) In Locke's view, the relationship between rulers and the governed has its foundation in __________.
A) military power
B) divine will
C) trust
D) economic inequality
Q3) According to Hobbes, human beings escape the terrible state of nature by
A) becoming selfless and obeying others
B) taking part in a tacit contract
C) naturally being sociable
D) embracing Christianity
Q4) Bernini was hired by Urban VIII to decorate ________.
Page 16
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