History of Civilization Practice Exam
Course Introduction
History of Civilization is an exploration of the major social, political, economic, and cultural developments that have shaped human societies from ancient times to the modern era. The course examines diverse civilizations across different regions, analyzing their growth, interactions, achievements, and challenges. Through the study of significant events, influential figures, ideologies, and technological advances, students gain a deeper understanding of how past civilizations have laid the foundations for contemporary global society. The course also emphasizes critical thinking about the connections between historical developments and present-day issues.
Recommended Textbook
World History 8th Edition by William J. Duiker
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30 Chapters
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3692 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Early Humans and the First Civilizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Egyptian hieroglyphs
A)used sacred characters as picture signs.
B)employed the use of an alphabet.
C)were written only on a paper made from papyrus reed and oak bark.
D)were introduced by the Amorites.
E)were borrowed from the practices of the Phoenicians.
Answer: A
Q2) "Sea Peoples"
Answer: Answer not provided.
Q3) The Phoenicians were notable for all of the following EXCEPT
A)having some of the best ships in the Mediterranean
B)established numerous Black Sea colonies.
C)invented an alphabet.
D)having an extensive trade network
E)conquered the Sea Peoples of Egypt.
Answer: E
Q4) Sumerian ziggurats performed the same function as Egypt's pyramids.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Ancient India
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was the most significant factor of Chandragupta Maurya's reign?
A)His alliance with Alexander the Great
B)His adoption of Buddhism
C)His centralization of the first unified empire in India
D)His production of sacred texts including the Upanishads
E)His engagement in long-distance trade with the Roman Empire.
Answer: C
Q2) Gautama's vision of Nirvana was
A)similar to the Aryan concept of Brahman
B)considered unknowable by humans
C)only possible with asceticism
D)open to all who accepted Buddhism
E)a heavenly paradise for those with good karma.
Answer: A
Q3) Harappan economy was based primarily on agriculture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: China in Antiquity
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Sample Questions
Q1) In early Chinese history, villages were organized by nuclear family units rather than by clans.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The major nomadic threat to the Qin came from the A)Xiongnu.
B)Mongols.
C)Manchus.
D)Han.
E)Jin.
Answer: A
Q3) What "modern" idea was advanced by Confucius over two thousand years ago?
A)To the victor go the spoils.
B)A virtuous government will sadly but inevitably make its people corrupt.
C)Government depends on the will of the people.
D)Barbarians must not be accepted but crushed by military power.
E)Political democracy is the only form of government.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Civilization of the Greeks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alexandria
Q2) The moral of Sophocles' play Oedipus was
A)that although one cannot avoid the fate of the gods, one's own actions bear personal responsibility.
B)adhering to a "higher law" to bury her brother meant that Antigone had to break Athenian law.
C)evil acts breed evil deeds, and Orestes was not wrong to avenge his father.
D)women should be granted more legal rights and status, or Medea would not have harmed her children.
E)that Lysistrata could organize women and show the foolishness of war.
Q3) How did the Greek dependence on colonies support their political philosophies? How did this cause the Greeks to become engaged with the larger world?
Q4) Sparta
Q5) "The Greek contribution to Western Civilization was so great that everything since the Greeks is merely a footnote to their accomplishments." Discuss, pro and con.
Q6) Minoan
Q7) Delian League
Q8) Socrates and his "Socratic method"
Page 6
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of the Patrician order?
A)Only they could be landowners.
B)They controlled the centuriate assembly.
C)They determined who had the right of citizenship.
D)Only they could marry plebeians; plebeians could not marrry up.
E)They were exempt from taxes.
Q2) The "good news" concerning Jesus was contained in the written A)gospels.
B)Old Testament.
C)Sermon on the Mount.
D)Dead Sea scrolls.
E)Analects of John the Baptist.
Q3) Spartacus rebellion
Q4) In the early Roman Empire, upper-class Roman women were excluded from public life and lost privileges and responsibilities they had obtained during the earlier Republic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Senate
Q6) latifundia
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Chapter 6: The Americas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amazonia
Q2) A significant characteristic of South American agriculture is
A)dependence on extensive, complex irrigation of crops.
B)the hybridization of pastoralism and sedentary agriculture.
C)development of the heavy plow pulled by oxen.
D)the emphasis on vegetarianism.
E)a complete reliance on trade with the coast and lowlands by the mountainous settlements in exchange for metal.
Q3) Inka
Q4) Compare and contrast the development of the Aztec empire with that of the Roman Empire. What are the similarities and what are the differences?
Q5) In contrast with the Aztecs, the Inka created a highly centralized state.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Arawak
Q7) Chavin de Huantar
Q8) Monte Albán
Q9) Tehuacán valley
Q10) obsidian
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Chapter 7: Ferment in the Middle East: the Rise of Islam
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mamluks
Q2) In many Islamic societies there was no hereditary nobility.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the key reasons for the Arab empire's success in developing trade was
A)commonality of religion through Islam.
B)a mastery of many languages as Islam expanded through many cultures.
C)extermination and enslavement of non-Muslim merchants.
D)mastering the latest in naval technology.
E)expelling Christian Crusaders from major port cities.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
A)Prayer five times a day facing Mecca.
B)Recognition of Abu-Bakr as the legitimate caliph
C)Giving charity to the poor.
D)Making a pilgrimage to Mecca.
E)Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
Q5) Maimonides
Q6) Ibn Rushd/Averroës and Ibn Sina/Avicenna
Q7) Bedouin
Q8) Allah
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Chapter 8: Early Civilizations in Africa
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Sample Questions
Q1) The distinctively carved stone pillars used to mark the tombs of Axum kings are known as
A)stelae.
B)mansa.
C)sasa.
D)zamani.
E)ziggurats.
Q2) Saba
Q3) mansa
Q4) Which of the following is a true statement about African building materials during the first millennium C.E.?
A)Stone was increasingly used in West Africa during in the first millennium C.E.
B)The only construction material used during that period was dried mud.
C)Mosques were always constructed of wood.
D)The heavy use of mortar was predominant in buildings constructed at Great Zimbabwe.
E)Metal became an important building material as early as 1000 B.C.E.
Q5) The Bantu languages feature a "click" sound.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Expansion of Civilization in South and Southeast Asia
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Sample Questions
Q1) the Sind and Punjab
Q2) Srivijaya and Majapahit
Q3) Where was the capital of the Kushan kingdom located?
A)Pataliputra
B)Bactria
C)Kanchipuram
D)Bombay
E)Karakoram
Q4) The most famous example of the Buddhist architecture that employed a massive empty stupa with sculpted terraces is the temple on Java at A)Kuala Lumpur.
B)Borobudur.
C)Mount Meru.
D)Rangoon.
E)Jakarta.
Q5) Bamiyan Buddhas
Q6) Hinayana
Q7) nada
Q8) Mahmud of Ghazni Page 11
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Page 12
Chapter 10: The Flowering of Traditional China
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Q1) What do you think accounts for the varying sects of Buddhism in China? Who would find the Pure Land sect appealing, and why?
Q2) the Southern Song and Hangzhou
Q3) What were the chief initiatives taken by the early rulers of the Ming dynasty to enhance the role of China in the world? Why did the imperial court order the famous voyages of Zhenghe, and why were they discontinued?
Q4) Yang Jian/Sui Wendi
Q5) With the increase in trade and urban activities during the Tang and Song eras, A)the rural population declined.
B)a landed gentry class assumed a position of social and economic dominance.
C)the social stagnation of the population became institutionalized.
D)the scholar-gentry provided considerable financial support to Christians.
E)most of the population resided in urban areas.
Q6) Li Bo and Du Fu
Q7) Zhu Yuanzhang
Q8) Chang'an
Q9) Temuchin/Genghis Khan
Q10) Dunhuang caves
Q11) "equal field" system
Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 11: The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nara
Q2) The Japanese word that refers to the "divine wind" of the massive typhoon that destroyed the invading Mongol fleet of Khubilai Khan is A)sayonara.
B)shogun.
C)bakufu.
D)kamikaze.
E)daimyo.
Q3) Dai Viet
Q4) No
Q5) The staple crop for Japanese agriculture from the earliest period was
A)wet rice
B)millet
C)cotton
D)tea
E)hemp
Q6) Taika reforms
Page 15
Q7) Discuss the relationship between Japanese Shinto and Buddhism, regarding the apparent compatibility for many Japanese during the era from 1000 to 1500.
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Chapter 12: The Making of Europe
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Q1) Philip 2 Augustus of France accomplished all of the following except A)he waged war successfully against the kings of England.
B)he became the Holy Roman Emperor.
C)he regained the provinces of Anjou, Normandy, and Aquitaine from the Plantagenets.
D)he established a royal bureaucracy.
E)he enlarged the power of the French monarchy.
Q2) Gregory V2 and the Investiture Controversy
Q3) William of Normandy and the Battle of Hastings
Q4) France's first parliament, begun under Philip IV, was the A)Chambre des Comptes.
B)Parlement.
C)Diet of Paris.
D)Reichstagen.
E)Estates-General.
Q5) Gothic architecture
Q6) the Fourth Crusade and Constantinople
Q7) How does feudalism in Europe compare with the centralized relations in monarchies outside of Europe? Is it unique to Western Europe? How does manorialism affect the outcome?
Page 16
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Chapter 13: The Byzantine Empire and Crisis and Recovery
in the West
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Sample Questions
Q1) The formal division between the Eastern Orthodox and the Western Christian churches began in 1054 with a disagreement over
A)the use of icons.
B)the emphasis on Aryanism in the East.
C)the superior ranking of the Pope over the Patriarch.
D)challenges to the absolute authority of the monarch as a matter of biblical interpretation.
E)approval of new sects of monasticism.
Q2) The phenomenon of iconoclasm was also found among which religion?
A)Catholicism
B)Buddhism
C)Islam
D)Judaism
E)Hinduism
Q3) iconoclasm
Q4) Masaccio
Q5) Pope Boniface V2I
Q6) the Black Death and Yersinia pestis
Q7) Hippodrome
Q8) Crecy and Agincourt
Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 14: New Encounters: the Creation of a World Market
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Q1) Bartolomé de Las Casas
Q2) Dutch West India Company and Dutch East India Company
Q3) Alfonso I
Q4) The demand for increased slave labor in the sixteenth century was due to the dramatic expansion of
A)the Portuguese spice trade.
B)colonization of the Americas spurring growth of the sugar industry.
C)with the Ottoman empire's blocade of the Silk Road, dependence on cotton was shifted to the Americas.
D)the elimination of the Portuguese from east Africa.
E)the declaration of the Treaty of Tordesillas giving the Portuguese dominion over Africa.
Q5) The joint-stock English East India Company was founded in 1600 with the aim of developing trade in the Americas.
A)True
B)False
Q6) caravels
Q7) Buddhist and Islamic kingship models
Q8) Timbuktu
19
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Chapter 15: Europe Transformed: Reform and State Building
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Sample Questions
Q1) What philosophy distinguished Anabaptists from other forms of Protestantism?
A)Their belief in the complete separation of church and state.
B)Insistence on immediate infant baptism in case the child died.
C)Devotion to predestination.
D)All members were required to be literate and read the Bible daily.
E)Complete rejection of meat and alcohol.
Q2) Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses
Q3) Peter Paul Rubens
Q4) A significant characteristic of the commercialism in the seventeenth century was
A)English imports came almost exclusively from the East Indies.
B)the shift to a global economy.
C)the prosperity of a nation depended on the amount of colonies it held.
D)the development of a laissez-faire philosophy.
E)imported products were beginning to filter down to merchants and artisans.
Q5) Which two denominations of Protestantism were found in Switzerland ?
A)Lutheranism and Calvinism.
B)Presbyterianism and Zwinglism.
C)Anglicanism and Lutheranism.
D)Zwinglianism and Calvinism.
E)Anabaptism and Calvinism.
Page 20
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Chapter 16: The Muslim Empires
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Q1) beg/beys
Q2) Unlike the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire embraced Sunni Islam.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "red heads"
Q4) Royal Academy of Isfahan
Q5) Which of the following statements is not an accurate observation of the Mughal rule of Akbar in India?
A)He appointed many Hindus to lower administrative posts.
B)His "Divine Faith" was just one example of the great religious toleration of his regime.
C)He permitted zamindars to yield significant independent authority in their local regions.
D)He and his people did not care for sea travel; therefore the Arabs took care of Mughal international trade.
E)He became a militant Buddhist during the latter half of his reign.
Q6) Safi al-Din and Shah Ismail
Q7) Babur
Q8) Riza-i-Abbasi
Q9) Safavid
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Chapter 17: The East Asian World
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Q1) To what degree did developments in Korea during the period discussed in thisChapter reflect conditions in China and Japan? What were the unique aspects of Vietnamese civilization?
Q2) Tokugawa Ieyasu/Tokugawa Shogunate, and the "Great Peace"
Q3) Gold Vase Plum/The Golden Lotus
Q4) yangban
Q5) Hideyoshi expelled missionaries from his domain in 1587 because the missionaries were
A)supportive of the emperor rather than the shogun.
B)selling indulgences.
C)destroying local Christian religious shrines.
D)interfering in local Japanese political matters.
E)from France, whose revolutionary tradition was a concern to the shogun.
Q6) "Sacred Edict"
Q7) hangul
Q8) The Dream of the Red Chamber
Q9) joint family
Page 22
Q10) Discuss the three unifiers of Japan in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and the possible reasons for their success.
Q11) the queue
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most successful British colony in North America was
A)Roanoke
B)Massachussetts Bay
C)Jamestown
D)Hudson Valley
E)Charleston
Q2) Which author is NOT correctly paired with his famous work?
A)Descartes, Essay Concerning Human Understanding
B)Newton, Principia
C)Copernicus, On the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies
D)Galileo, Starry Nights
E)Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws
Q3) In the Enlightenment, many intellectuals argued that women were by nature inferior to men.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the geocentric universe model, the earth revolves around the sun.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Declaration of Independence
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Chapter 19: The Beginnings of Modernization:
Industrialization and Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Which of the following was not a result of the brief 1866 war between Austria and Prussia?
A)A Russian and Austrian defensive alliance defeated the French and British in the Balkans.
B)Austria was no longer a major participant in German affairs.
C)Bismarck organized the north German states in the North German Confederation.
D)The south German states signed military agreements with Prussia.
E)The development of unified German strength began to worry the French.
Q2) Children were discouraged from working in cotton mills because their smaller size did not allow them to move among the machines and they were too difficult to train to do complex factory work.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "conservatism"
Q4) What were the main ideas of Karl Marx, and what role did they play in politics and the union movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Q5) reconstruction of Paris
Q6) Realpolitik
Q7) the "Eastern Question"
25
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Chapter 20: The Americas and Society and Culture in the West
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovery
Q2) The first serious questioning of the mechanical conception of the universe is found in the works of
A)Albert Einstein
B)Nels Bohr
C)Marie Curie
D)Nicola Tesla
E)Thomas Edison
Q3) Modernism
Q4) What were the impacts of the ideas of Darwin, Marx, Freud, and Einstein upon popular culture and the mass society of the early twentieth century? Give specific examples. Which of these seminal intellectuals remains most relevant in the early twenty-first century, and which of the four seems to have the least relevance, and why?
Q5) Toussaint L'Ouverture
Q6) How did the second wave of industrialization and scientific advancement change western society and its outreaches, when compared to the spread of industrialism and science of an earlier era? How did this create justification for imperialism and western hegemony?
Page 26
Q7) Porfirio Díaz
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Chapter 21: The High Tide of Imperialism
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Q1) Which of the following cities became a major colonial manufacturing center?
A)Luxor
B)Timbuktu
C)Ulan Bator
D)Batavia
E)Chittenango
Q2) social Darwinism
Q3) Ran Mohan Roy's major motivation in creating the Brahmo Samaj was to
A)provide Hinduism with protection against verbal attacks by British colonialists.
B)supply Indian revolutionaries with arms.
C)prevent the British from controlling India.
D)find a method for successful revolt against British rule in India.
E)strengthen Muslim group awareness.
Q4) In the nineteenth century, "legitimate trade" unfortunately still included the African slave trade.
A)True
B)False
Q5) direct v. indirect rule
Q6) clitoridectomy
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Chapter 22: Shadows Over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge
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Q1) How did the establishment of the Meiji government by the Constitution of 1890 embody the idea of kotukai, differentiating it from Western style reformations?
Q2) Lord Macartney's trip to Beijing in 1793
A)resulted in his being refused permission to go to the capital.
B)created a scandal because Macartney tried to sell opium to local businessmen.
C)was the primary action leading to the fall of the Qing.
D)failed, as the Chinese government did not want additional trade with Britain.
E)succeeded in obtaining Hong Kong for Great Britain.
Q3) spheres of influence
Q4) The United States president and the admiral he sent to Japan were, respectively,
A)Zachary Taylor and David Farragut.
B)Franklin Pierce and John Paul Jones.
C)Millard Fillmore and David Jones.
D)Millard Fillmore and Matthew Perry.
E)James Buchanan and Abner Doubleday.
Q5) At what point did the fall of the Manchus become inevitable? Why then?
Q6) Meiji Restoration
Q7) foot binding
Q8) Port Arthur
Page 28
Q9) Puyi
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Chapter 23: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Q1) Which of the following is an accurate description of Middle Eastern mandates instituted after World War I?
A)Belgium took Anatolia and the Hejaz.
B)France took control of Iraq and Palestine.
C)Britain took control of Iraq and Palestine.
D)Italy took control of Egypt and Kuwait.
E)Greece took control of Turkey.
Q2) Dawes Plan
Q3) David Lloyd George
Q4) Hollywood studio system
Q5) Under Lenin's New Economic Policy,
A)Lenin retired from active political life.
B)state requisitions of peasant grain continued.
C)individuals were permitted to own small retail stores and peasants to sell their produce.
D)the state relinquished control over all heavy industrial operations.
E)banks and mines became privately-owned.
Q6) the "sealed train"
Q7) Gallipoli and Verdun
Page 30
Q8) "Peace, Land, Bread" and "All Power to the Soviets"
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Chapter 24: Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship:
the Middle East, and Latin America From 1919 to 1939
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Q1) Mao Zedong and the CCP
Q2) Hasan al-Bana and the Muslim Brotherhood
Q3) Young Turks
Q4) In appraising the work of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, one can say that
A)he finally succeeded in unifying Persian society.
B)he maintained a strict Islamic consistency in all aspects of Turkish life.
C)he created a secular Turkish state that embraced many aspects of a modern Western nation.
D)no real change from the traditional Ottoman ways ever occurred under his rule.
E)he retained the Islamic practices that his Ottoman predecessors had adhered to for centuries.
Q5) the Comintern
Q6) warlords
Q7) A famous alliance between communist and nationalist parties in the 1920s took place in A)Burma.
B)Syria.
C)the Dutch East Indies.
D)China.
E)Vietnam. Page 32
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Chapter 25: The Crisis Deepens: World War 2
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Q1) collectivization of agriculture/the kolkhoz
Q2) The SA, or Storm Troops, were
A)the Nazi party militia.
B)the major threat to the security of the Nazi Party before 1923.
C)the first type of Kolkhoz.
D)led by Hermann Goering.
E)Mussolini's Black Shirts.
Q3) All of the following were artistic works of Nazi propaganda EXCEPT
A)Ernest Junger's The Storm of Steel
B)landscapes and still life portraits as preferred by Hitler.
C)Richard Wagner's music
D)Jurgen Habermas' Towards Reconstructing Historical Materialism
E)Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will
Q4) Kristallnacht
Q5) the Grand Alliance
Q6) Austrian annexation
Q7) War in China spread after Chinese and Japanese forces clashed at the Marco Polo Bridge near Beijing in 1937.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: East and West in the Grip of the Cold War
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Q1) Which of the following countries became Communist in February of 1948 under Klement Gottwald?
A)Romania
B)Czechoslovakia
C)Yugoslavia
D)Hungary
E)East Germany
Q2) ABM Treaty/SALT I
Q3) The program of perestroika was intended to allow more transparency into how the Soviet government worked.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The first threat of a U. S.-Soviet confrontation took place in A)Estonia
B)Cuba
C)Yugoslavia
D)Czechoslovakia
E)Iran
Q5) cultural exchange program
Q6) Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic (GDR)
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Chapter 27: Brave New World: Communism on Trial
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Q1) The new policies advanced by Deng
A)were largely counterproductive, as employment and food production went down in the 1980s.
B)roughly doubled China's per capita income during the 1980s
C)combined economic collectivization and retaining political power in Communist hands.
D)re-enforced the economic policies of Mao Zedong.
E)"followed the socialist path."
Q2) from "Serve the people" to "Create wealth for the people"
Q3) What strategies were used by leaders of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China as they sought to build Communist societies in their countries? In what ways were the strategies different, and in what ways were they similar? To what degree were they successful? How has the Chinese Communist Party, to date, been able to retain power while that of the Soviet Union lost control of the state apparatus? Show why.
Q4) "Mao Zedong thought"
Q5) Mao Zedong's "New Democracy"
Q6) Berlin Wall
Q7) "double shift"
Q8) Leonid Brezhnev, Alexei Kosygin, and "de-Khrushchevization"
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Chapter 28: Europe and the Western Hemisphere Since 1945
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Q1) Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal plan accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
A)Growth of federal government in scope and power
B)the rise of organized labor as a significant force in the economy and politics
C)passage of an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.
D)beginning of a welfare state like those in Europe.
E)experimenting with deficit spending to spur the economy.
Q2) "On balance, the 1960s were the most significant decade in recent American history." Discuss, pro and con.
Q3) What was the primary cause of the economic collapse of East Germany the late 1980's?
A)Concern over the weakening economy of the Soviet Union.
B)"Brain drain" as skilled workers fled to the West.
C)Unemployment and severe discontent.
D)Reunification with West Germany.
E)A shutdown of work by protesters inspired by Lech Walesa and Solidarity.
Q4) women's liberation movement
Q5) Treaty of Rome/European Economic Community (EEC)
Q6) Richard Nixon and the "southern strategy"
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Q7) personal computer and the Internet
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Chapter 29: Challenges of Nation Building in Africa and the Middle East
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Q1) genital mutilation and polygamy
Q2) The genocide in Central Africa that occurred between 1996-2000 was in a civil war between
A)Uganda and Zaire
B)Rwanda and Uganda
C)Burundi and Rwanda
D)Tanzania and the DRC
E)Rwanda and Tanzania
Q3) The two Muslim states in the Middle East that gave greater rights to women before 1980 were
A)Israel and Jordan.
B)Turkey and Iran.
C)Egypt and Syria.
D)Saudi Arabia and Lebanon.
E)the Sudan and Yemen.
Q4) Muslim Brotherhood
Q5) F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela
Q6) Sudan's Muslim pastoralists and Christian farmers
Q7) Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
Q8) Iraq's Sunnis, Shi'ites, and Kurds Page 38
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Chapter 30: Toward the Pacific Century
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a source of social conflict in Pakistan?
A)Strong feelings of nationalism.
B)Mass poverty and illiteracy.
C)Considerable support for the Taliban from local populations.
D)Large populations of homeless following natural disasters.
E)Fragile relations with India.
Q2) What accounts for the rapid economic development of the "little tigers" in Asia? How did the economic emphasis after the war change the "successful" models like Japan and Korea? What were some factors that involved the slow-down of the "miracle" economic developments?
Q3) Which Korean term is equivalent to the Japanese term zaibatsu?
A)Cobola.
B)Chaebol.
C)Migheo.
D)Pusana.
E)Taegu.
Q4) Douglas MacArthur
Q5) "an orgy of blood"
Q6) "Little Tigers"
Q7) 1997 financial crisis
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