History of Civilization Exam Questions
Course Introduction
History of Civilization explores the major historical developments that have shaped human societies from ancient times to the present. The course examines significant political, economic, social, cultural, and technological changes across different regions, including the rise and fall of empires, the impact of religious and philosophical movements, the evolution of governments and social structures, and the exchange of ideas and goods across continents. Students will analyze the interplay between global events and local cultures, develop critical perspectives on the legacy of past civilizations, and understand the foundations of the modern world.
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Heritage of World Civilizations The Combined Volume 10th Edition by Albert M. Craig
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization
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Q1) Which group was the first to unify much of Mesopotamia and create a true empire?
A)the Akkadians
B)the Egyptians
C)the Sumerians
D)the Eridu
Answer: A
Q2) In ancient Egypt, maat was
A)the legendary creator god who had blessed Egypt.
B)the pharaoh's chief advisor.
C)the highest virtue combining the ideas of truth,justice,and order.
D)the name for all areas outside of Egypt.
Answer: C
Q3) Compare Maps 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1 6, and 1 8. What geographic characteristics do the regions of all four of the earliest civilizations have in common?
A)rivers,which provide fertile land for agriculture
B)mountains,which provide natural barriers against invasion
C)deserts,which provide isolation from hostile neighbors
D)All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Four Great Revolutions in Thought and Religion
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Q1) Analyze the issues related to the use of biblical texts for historical purposes.What do the texts reveal about the evolution of the Israelites' religion?
Answer: Answers may include: Scholars once tended to discard the Bible as a source for historians,but the trend today is to take it seriously while using it cautiously and critically.
Q2) In The Republic, Plato argues that rationally speaking, women should be treated A)differently than men.
B)equally to men.
C)similarly to men.
D)the same as men,except under some circumstances.
Answer: B
Q3) According to the Jewish religion, how should man best serve God?
A)through rituals and prayers
B)through heroic deeds
C)through ethical responsibility
D)through fasting and other forms of self-denial
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Greek and Hellenistic Civilization
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Q1) What motivated the conquests of Alexander the Great? What impact did Alexander and Greek culture have on the East? To what extent did Greek culture permeate the East?
Answer: Answers may include: Alexander had great plans for the conquest of Persia.He had a grand scheme of amalgamation and conquest.Alexander was filled with plans for the future: for the consolidation and organization of his empire; for geographic exploration; for new cities,roads,and harbors; perhaps even for further conquests in the West.He established many new cities-seventy,according to tradition-mostly along trade routes.These cities promoted commerce and prosperity and introduced Hellenic civilization into new areas.
Q2) Which best describes the philosophy of the Stoics?
A)denunciation of convention,advocacy of a crude life in accordance with nature
B)a life in harmony with god and nature,knowledge of good and evil,avoidance of passion
C)since nothing can be known,nothing matters
D)None of these answers are correct.
Answer: B
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Q1) Which of the following was not among the four basic Aryan varnas?
A)servant
B)peasant
C)warrior/noble
D)tradesperson
Q2) Jati groupings in India organize groups according to all of the following criteria except
A)religious practice.
B)commensality.
C)endogamy.
D)trade or craft.
Q3) Based on Map 4-1, which of the following peoples were not under the control of the Persian Empire?
A)Medes
B)Greeks
C)Etruscans
D)Egyptians
Q4) How did the Achaemenid state rule over a long period of time? What were the main aspects of government control that enhanced the power base? What was the role of religion in this development?
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Chapter 5: Africa: Early History to 1000 CE
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Q1) Discuss the diffusion of languages and peoples in African history.How does the linguistic diffusion show that,despite natural barriers,Africa's peoples have not been as internally isolated or compartmentalized as was once thought?
Q2) We know that the Kushite kingdom was strong and prosperous based on the evidence of A)Greek historians.
B)Egyptian inscriptions.
C)the ruins of palace fortresses and tombs.
D)oral tradition.
Q3) The first millennium C.E. saw the rise of several sizable states in the western and central Sudan because of
A)settled agricultural populations and the expansion of trade.
B)the failure of smaller trading stations such as Timbuktu.
C)the decline of internal trade that promoted self-sufficiency.
D)both the failure of smaller trading stations such as Timbuktu,and the decline of internal trade that promoted self-sufficiency.
Q4) How did the spread of Islam affect various African cultures and civilizations?
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Chapter 6: Republican and Imperial Rome
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Q1) Etruscan civilization declined because
A)of an empire that was not firmly based and a Celtic invasion of the Po Valley.
B)a plague reduced the population.
C)an invasion by the Greeks in southern Italy forced them to abandon their principal center,Tarentum.
D)the Romans succeeded in wiping them out in 509 B.C.E.
Q2) Trace the development of Christianity from the life of Jesus through the second century.How did Christianity separate itself from Judaism and what issues affected the development of the new religion? How did the Roman bureaucracy react to Christianity and why?
Q3) Tiberius Gracchus sought to solve the problems facing the Roman republic through A)extending Roman citizenship to recent immigrants.
B)land reform.
C)strong defense against the Spanish tribes.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q4) The most important result of the Struggle of the Orders was to A)establish a centralized monarchy in Rome under Julius Caesar.
B)give the plebeians a somewhat greater role in Roman government.
C)bring the army into politics and begin a series of civil wars.
D)destroy the economic prosperity of Pax Romana.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Chinas First Empire and Its Aftermath, 221
BCE-589 CE
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Q1) Discuss the process of unification in China under the first emperor.What reforms did he initiate and what was their impact on China? To what extent did these reforms survive his reign and influence other dynasties?
Q2) The text identifies which of the following policies as one that would characterize every strong dynasty?
A)centralized government with carefully limited expansion
B)strict governmental control on all trade
C)aggressive expansion of borders
D)government led by military and focused on military concerns
Q3) After the collapse of the Later Han Dynasty,why did the south prosper with the capital at Nanjing? What factors were important in developing a sound economy and attracting Chinese to the south? What role did religion play in this development?
Q4) The great romantic epic, Tale of the Three Kingdoms, relates stories about the A)arrival of Buddha in China.
B)generals and the fall of the Han Dynasty.
C)warriors and statesmen after the fall of the Han Dynasty.
D)plight of the peasantry after the fall of the Han Dynasty.
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Chapter 8: Imperial China,589-1368
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Q1) Tang culture had all of the following characteristics <U>except</U>:
A)openness to non-Chinese cultures.
B)the growth of Buddhist influences.
C)the reappearance of secular scholarship and literature.
D)rejection of native philosophies and religions.
Q2) During the Song period, large amounts of copper coins were minted to A)counter inflation.
B)pay tribute to the nomads.
C)facilitate the demand brought on by increasing trade.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) The Tang dynasty sought to
A)enlist nomadic Turkish peoples in its armies.
B)balance central authority and concessions to aristocratic families.
C)impose Buddhism by force.
D)combine imperial power at the top with democracy at the village level.
Q4) During the Tang dynasty, which of the following religions entered China?
A)Zoroastrianism
B)Manichaeism
C)Judaism
D)All of these answers are correct.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Early Japanese History
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Q1) The governmental system in the Kamakura era is best described as a/an
A)decentralized military government.
B)centralized meritocracy.
C)Islamic theocracy.
D)shamanistic aristocracy.
Q2) According to Chinese chronicles, Pimiko was
A)a Japanese painting technique.
B)a kind of mystery drama.
C)the major instigator of the Jomon revolution.
D)a shaman who ruled in Japan in the 3rd century C.E..
Q3) Why was Buddhism popular in Japan? What was the importance of the art forms,Mahayana Pantheon,and rituals to the Japanese? Do Confucianism and Daoism have important roles in Japanese religion?
Q4) The Japanese language was not easily expressed in Chinese characters because Chinese characters
A) express mostly ideographic ideas.
B) use calligraphy.
C) were solely phonetic.
D) could not express adjective forms.
Q5) How did geography affect the development of Japan?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Formation of Islamic Civilization, 622-1000
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Q1) What is the main message of the Quran?
A)Social justice and obedient worship are demanded of every human.
B)Reject idolatrous worship of false gods.
C)Submit oneself completely to God's will.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q2) What were the different kinds of leadership in the Islamic world,and how did Islamic scholars view the relationship between politics,law,and the Qur'an?
Q3) In intellectual and cultural life, the early Abbasid Dynasty was marked by
A)the suppression of earlier,non-Muslim forms of knowledge.
B)the spread of Indian styles of art and literature.
C)an emphasis on "practical" forms of science over liberal arts.
D)the preservation and expansion of Greek,Roman,and Indian knowledge.
Q4) Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian minorities under Islamic rule
A)were forced to pay a head tax.
B)had military obligations during a jihad.
C)could not maintain their own legal systems.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q5) Discuss the importance of Mecca to the development of Arab unity.What role did Medina play? Was Islam a "religion of the desert"?
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Q1) The Ostrogoths, Visigoths and Vandals entered the Roman Empire as A)Arian Christians.
B)orthodox.
C)pagans.
D)monophysites.
Q2) Justinian is considered by many historians to be the greatest Byzantine emperor.What were his main policies,innovations,and primary achievements? What was the particular importance of his law code? Compare his reign to earlier Roman emperors,such as Caesar Augustus,and to Charlemagne.What are the similarities and differences? Do you think that he deserves his historical reputation? Why or why not?
Q3) Discuss the political structure that emerged during the Early Middle Ages.What function did vassalage serve? Evaluate the relative efficiency of the vassalage system.What other alternatives,if any,might Europeans have explored?
Q4) It was the policy of the Carolingians to use the church to A)collect taxes.
B)administer districts.
C)pacify neighboring tribes.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Islamic World, 1000-1500
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Q1) What prevented the development of a large empire like the Abbasid Caliphate in the period from 1000-1500? How did the lack of a large empire impact the development of the Islamic world in this period?
Q2) The Hulagu Khan, in his conquest of the Islamic heartlands, spared which of the following?
A)the Hindus because of their lack of resistance
B)the Shi'ites because of their cooperation
C)the Christians because of his wife's influence
D)the Sufis because of their solitary nature
Q3) Timur the Lames primary contribution as a ruler was
A)an organized yet informal code of law.
B)the new technologies in the production of cannon and firearms.
C)the viceroy system of rule.
D)the buildings he sponsored at Samarkand.
Q4) What were the social and political roles of the ulama in the Islamic world? Compare and contrast these roles with the role of the Catholic Church in the Carolingian period.
Q5) What was the origin of Sufism and how did Sufism impact the Islamic world?
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Chapter 13: Ancient Civilizations of the Americas
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Q1) Difficulties confront scholars trying to understand the ancient civilizations of the Americas because
A)Andean civilizations never developed writing.
B)Mesoamerican civilizations never developed writing.
C)Andean writing displays a pro-Spanish bias.
D)the writing systems have never been deciphered.
Q2) The capitol of the Aztec Empire was
A)Teotihuacán.
B)Tenochtitlán.
C)Cuzco.
D)Chavín.
Q3) Discuss the Andean civilizations of Tiwanaku,Huari and Chimu.What were some of the problems posed by their geographical setting? How was the Inca Empire administered? What was the system known as the mita?
Q4) Discuss the importance of the Mesoamerican calendar.How did it work,why was it important,and what does this say about Mesoamerican civilization? How does it compare with the Long Count of the Maya?
Q5) What was the role of monumental architecture along the Peruvian coast? To what extent was it tied to a hierarchical agricultural society?
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Chapter 14: Africa Ca1000-1700
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Q1) The major source of wealth for the Songhai Empire proved to be
A)trade in spices from the interior of Africa.
B)expansion of the caravan trade across the Sahara.
C)maritime trade with the east coast of Africa.
D)the slave trade with Europeans.
Q2) Discuss the importance of Timbuktu in the development of the African regional economy.When was it founded and why did it prosper? How did it become known as an intellectual center?
Q3) Mali's imperial power around the mid-13th century was established through the efforts of
A)Mansa Musa.
B)Sundiata.
C)Sahel.
D)Niani.
Q4) Discuss the role of geography as a factor in the political,economic,social,and cultural development of Africa.How did African rulers seek to overcome the limitations of their geographical position? How successful were they in overcoming these limitations? How did geography play a positive role in African history?
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Chapter 15: Europe to the Early 1500s: Revival, Decline, and Renaissance
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Q1) While English and French monarchs increased their powers in the 12<sup>th </sup>and 13<sup>th</sup> centuries,German emperors generally grew weaker because of their
A) fascination with religious mysticism.
B)alliance with Muslim states,which created hostility among most Europeans.
C)repeated conflicts with the papacy.
D)All of the answers are correct.
Q2) What issues led to the attempt to reform and centralize the Church starting in the eleventh century? How did political struggles between the church and state impact the development of a strong papacy?
Q3) The final re-conquest of Spain from the Turks took place in the
A)11<sup>th</sup> century CE.
B)8<sup>th</sup> century CE.
C)15<sup>th</sup> century CE.
D)17<sup>th</sup> century CE.
Q4) Religion and society were among the subjects
A)that scholars re-examined in the Late Middle Ages.
B)that were considered taboo for scholars in the Late Middle Ages.
C)in which scholars of the Late Middle Ages built on medieval thinking.
D)that scholars virtually ignored in the Late Middle Ages.
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Chapter 16: Europe, 1500-1650: Expansion, reformation, and Religious Wars
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Q1) The seventeenth century is sometimes labeled as a period of crisis by historians.Do you agree or disagree with this assessment? In what ways does Europe in the first half of the seventeenth century exhibit signs of being in political,religious,social,or intellectual crises? In what ways does it not seem to be in the throes of a crisis?
Q2) Martin Luther made separate German translations of the New and the Old Testaments
A)around 1510.
B)in the mid-1520s.
C)in 1532.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q3) In 1600, Calvinism had strong support in all of the following countries <U>except</U>
A)France.
B)the Netherlands.
C)Scotland.
D)Denmark.
Q4) Why did the Reformation begin in Germany? What political factors contributed to the success of the Reformation in Germany as opposed to France,for example,or Spain and Italy?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Conquest and Exploitation: the Development of the Transatlantic Economy
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Q1) English colonies in North America were different from Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America because they
A)were more suspicious of royal power and enjoyed more self-government.
B)were not cruel or violent when colonizing lands.
C)developed more thorough plantation-style economies.
D)were more dedicated to missionary work among the Native Americans.
Q2) In the New World, corregidores were
A)foot soldiers.
B)municipal councils.
C)local government officers.
D)judicial councils.
Q3) During the 16th to 19th centuries, Europeans
A)retreated from political dominance of the world.
B)exerted political dominance over much of the world.
C)were technologically inferior to other civilizations.
D)suffered grievously from diseases imported from other areas of the world.
Q4) Discuss mercantilism in theory and practice.What were its main ideas? Did they work? Which European country was most successful in establishing a mercantilist empire? Why? What were the long-term economic consequences of arranging trade based on mercantilist premises?
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Chapter 18: East Asia in the Late Traditional ERA
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Q1) What were the main tenets of Ming-Qing culture? How did the novel develop in this period? What are the similarities of culture with past Chinese dynasties? What influence,if any,did the West have on Chinese cultural development?
Q2) According to Confucian moralists, a girls education should reflect
A)total obedience and loyalty to parental authority.
B)a deep understanding of nature and religion.
C)her own personality and family aspirations.
D)a complete understanding of her own personal destiny.
Q3) In The Scholars, the author suggests that Chinese officials
A)enjoyed high social status.
B)were subject to abuse and slander.
C)had meager salaries.
D)married multiple wives.
Q4) The Chinese response to Jesuit priests who attempted to introduce science into their societies was
A)hostility.
B)general indifference.
C)intense curiosity.
D)confusion.
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Chapter 19: State-Building and Society in Early Modern Europe
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Q1) The League of Augsburg was
A)an offensive alliance against Louis XIV by Great Britain.
B)an arrangement between the Catholic church and the King of France to destroy the Huguenots.
C)a defensive alliance against Louis XIV.
D)an international agreement that helped France gain control of Spanish territory.
Q2) All of the following were significant social changes in the 18th century <U>except</U> the
A)expansion of population.
B)new wealth of the middle class.
C)social privileges received after service in the army.
D)conflicting political ambitions of the monarchs,nobility,and middle class.
Q3) What was the basis for Louis XIV's rule? What methods did he use to reinforce his authority over his subjects?
Q4) Artisan guilds served all of the following functions <U>except</U>
A)a progressive voice in urban governments.
B)a framework for social and economic advancement.
C)a means to control the quality and price of goods.
D)providers of social benefits .
Page 21
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Q1) Why has the cultural and intellectual renaissance in Iran during the 16th and 17th centuries been called "the most impressive aspect of Safavid times"? Be specific about advances in the disciplines of painting and architecture.
Q2) The Safavid Empire succeeded in Iran in large part because of A)their incorporation of Uzbek Turks into the state bureaucracy. B)the expulsion of Turkoman tribesmen.
C)their conversion to Shi'ite ideology.
D)a permanent alliance with their Ottoman neighbors.
Q3) According to Map 20-6, the European power that had the greatest influence in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century was
A)Britain.
B)Denmark.
C)France.
D)the Netherlands.
Q4) The primary function of the millets under the Ottoman Empire was to A)discriminate against non-Muslim residents in the empire.
B)interpret religious laws and teach religious doctrines.
C)take full responsibility for the well being of each member of the community.
D)recruit elite military troops.
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Chapter 21: The Age of European Enlightenment
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Q1) The Encyclopedia project was led by A)Diderot.
B)Voltaire.
C)Montesquieu.
D)Rousseau.
Q2) How did the Enlightenment change basic Western attitudes toward reform,faith,and reason? What were the major formative influences on the philosophes? How important were Voltaire and the Encyclopedia in the success of the Enlightenment?
Q3) Enlightened absolutism is a term used to describe the A)policies of rulers who embraced the reforms of the philosophes. B)philosophical movement to discover the ideal state.
C)discovery of scientific truth through empirical methods.
D)proper educational program for prospective European rulers.
Q4) The European Enlightenment scholar who had the greatest direct influence on the U.S. Declaration of Independence was A)Rousseau.
B)Montesquieu.
C)Locke.
D)Hobbes.
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Chapter 22: Revolutions in the Transatlantic World
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Q1) Which of the following best characterizes Napoleons relationship with the ideals of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution?
A)He spread a limited number of legal and social reforms to the countries that he conquered.
B)He sought to replace philosophical principles with ideologies of dictatorship.
C)He completely repudiated the Revolution in favor of the institutions of the ancien regime.
D)He fully embraced the spirit of Enlightenment and Revolution,bringing it with him and his armies.
Q2) The Jacobins
A)supported the king and sought to restore the monarchy.
B)held a general suspicion of anyone who was wealthy.
C)sought representative government.
D)favored a regulated economy.
Q3) Mexican independence was driven by:
A)fear of a conservative Spanish regime.
B)a Napoleonic invasion.
C)a slave uprising.
D)fear of a liberal Spanish regime.
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Chapter 23: Political Consolidation in Nineteenth-Century
Europe and North America
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Q1) Otto von Bismarck was
A)a self-made liberal businessman who united Germany.
B)the moderately liberal king of Prussia who united Germany.
C)a Prussian military commander who forced German unification.
D)the conservative Prussian minister who united Germany.
Q2) Arthur de Gobineau attributed European problems to A)the presence of the Jews.
B)the lack of racial mixing.
C)degeneration of the Aryan race.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q3) How did liberalism emerge in Russia during the early 19th century? What was the result of that emergence? Was the Russian case unique,or did the fate of liberalism vary with circumstances throughout Europe?
Q4) Prime Minister William Gladstone
A)supported Irish Home Rule.
B)believed the state should protect weaker citizens.
C)is considederd the founder of modern British conservatism.
D)steered the Catholic Emancipation Act through Parliament.
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Q5) What was the purpose of the Great Reform Bill? What did it achieve? Would you call it a "revolutionary" document?
Chapter 24: Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society,
1815-1914
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Q1) By the end of the 19th century, married middle class women were expected to A)work full time.
B)work part-time.
C)not work outside of the home.
D)work looking after other people's children.
Q2) Among the immigrants that arrived in the United States between 1840 and 1890, which group encountered the most difficulties and resistance?
A)German
B)English
C)Welsh
D)Irish
Q3) All of the following contributed to U.S. industrial expansion in the late 19th century <U>except</U>
A)the creation of a vast railway network.
B)the development of American investment banking.
C)the arrival of millions of European immigrants.
D)American attitudes towards entrepreneurship.
Q4) By 1914 the leading industrial power in the world was
Page 26
Q5) Why and how were Jews emancipated across Europe during the nineteenth century?
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Chapter 25: Latin America From Independence to the 1940s
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Q1) The growth in urban life in Latin America during the second half of the 19th century was mostly due to
A)European immigration.
B)changes in the urban economy.
C)confiscations of church lands.
D)military expansion.
Q2) The literate political or economic elites of Latin America stood united in their A)desire to eliminate racial prejudice.
B)acceptance of republican constitutions.
C)demand for foreign competition to be ousted.
D)opposition to substantial social reform.
Q3) What effect did World War I have on the major countries of South America? What changes did the respective countries make to their governments and their economies following World War I? Overall,do you think that the war had a largely positive or negative impact on South America?
Q4) Describe the political development from independence to 1945 of two of the following three countries: Brazil,Argentina,and Mexico.How were they similar and how did they differ?
Q5) The construction of Brasília
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Chapter 26: India, the Islamic Heart-lands, and Africa,
1800-1945
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Q1) Who of the following was not an advocate of gradual reform and self-determination?
A)B.G.Tilak
B)Mohandas Gandhi
C)G.K.Gokhale
D)Jawaharlal Nehru
Q2) Tâhâ Hussein argued that integration of Western ideas into Egyptian society
A)desecrated the native tradition.
B)represented a return to Egypt's roots.
C)would have little impact.
D)was a violation of the Shari'a.
Q3) The authors present the Mahdist uprising in the Sudan in the 1880s and 1890s as a(n)
A) consequence of the mfecane.
B) example of an Islamic reform movement.
C) example of an African nationalist movement.
D) consequence of European missionary activity.
Q4) How did the British develop India economically? What was the prevailing British attitude towards the natives of India? What do you see as the major costs and benefits (if any)of British rule in India?
Page 28
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Chapter 27: Modern East Asia
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Q1) What is the importance of the Opium War? How does this conflict help explain British attitudes toward colonial areas? What did the Chinese give up in this conflict? What was the importance of India in relation to the war?
Q2) The Treaty of Nanjing
A)showed the military weakness of the British army (not the navy).
B)led to the decline and eventual end of the opium trade in China.
C)ended the British monopoly on trade in China.
D)gave Great Britain privileged legal and trading rights in China.
Q3) Describe the similarities and differences in Chinese and Japanese responses to Western influence.Why was Japan more open to foreign concepts than was China? What was the role of nationalism in shaping the response to the West?
Q4) What were the most important turning points in the shift away from traditional Confucianism towards Western rationality in China? How did this shift affect China's road to modernization? How did this shift contribute to the spread of Marxism-Leninism in China?
Q5) Discuss the political situation in Japan from 1853 to 1868.Why was Perry able to make such a dramatic impact on the country? What were the goals of the central government and why did they fail? What influence did the samurai have in this time period?
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Chapter 28: Imperialism and World War I
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Q1) The establishment of the German Empire in 1871
A)encouraged American intervention in Continental affairs after 1875.
B)upset the European balance of power.
C)blocked Austria's plans to invade Alsace-Lorraine.
D)forced Britain to ally with Austria.
Q2) Compare and contrast the colonial experiences of Egypt and the Congo.What motivated European powers to intervene in these countries? What determined the different forms that colonialism assumed in these countries?
Q3) The Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911 resulted in
A)increased British fear and hostility toward Germany.
B)the French gaining territory in North Africa.
C)the sinking of the German gunboat,Panther.
D)the independence of Morocco.
Q4) Which two countries were excluded from the peace talks at Versailles?
A)Germany and the Soviet Union
B)the United States and Germany
C)France and the Soviet Union
D)Turkey and Iraq
Q5) Discuss the Alliance system.How did the creation of formal military pacts contribute to WWI?
Page 30
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Chapter 29: Depression, European Dictators, and the
American New Deal
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Q1) Fascism is most closely allied with A)liberalism.
B)capitalism.
C)nationalism.
D)Marxism.
Q2) Kulaks originally were
A)prosperous farmers who owned their land.
B)small plots of land that were collectivized.
C)the intellectual opposition to Stalin.
D)nomadic tribesmen with great military skills.
Q3) In what sense was Hitler an advocate of socialism?
A)He belonged to an international movement.
B)He believed in state ownership of the means of production.
C)He advocated a violent proletarian revolution against capitalism.
D)He believed in subordinating all economic enterprise to the welfare of the nation.
Q4) Which of the following was not an achievement of the New Deal?
Q5) Explain the causes of the Depression of the 1930s.Why was it so much more severe and longer lasting than previous depressions? How,if at all,could it have been avoided?
Page 31
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Chapter 30: World War II
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Q1) As illustrated in Map 30-6, what was the primary goal of the Allied armies in North Africa?
A)to establish a staging ground for the invasion of Italy
B)to liberate African peoples from colonial oppression
C)to restore the French and British colonial empires
D)to capture important Atlantic trading ports
Q2) The primary practical consequence of the Potsdam conference was the
A)Western allies were forced to open a second front.
B)original idea to form a United Nations organization.
C)division of Europe into eastern and western zones of influence.
D)decision to demand heavy reparations from Germany.
Q3) When Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936, he broke which treaty(ies)?
A)Locarno Agreements
B)Matignon Accords
C)Versailles Treaty and the Locarno Agreements
D)Enabling Act and the Versailles Treaty
Q4) What were Hitler's plans for the Jews? To what extent were his plans carried out? Who besides the Nazis deserves to share the blame for this tragedy?
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Chapter 31: The West Since World War II
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Q1) The Strategic Arms Defense Initiative
A)was controversial.
B)was deployed by the Soviet Union.
C)was a space-based high-tech defense.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q2) What were the reasons for the creation of the European Economic Community? Why did the organization change its name to the European Union? How successful has that organization been in achieving its goals?
Q3) In 1989, communist leaders relinquished power in all of the following countries<u> except</u>
A)Hungary.
B)Yugoslavia.
C)Poland.
D)East Germany.
Q4) The 10 new member countries added to the EU in 2004 can all be characterized as A)former Communist states.
B)less developed economically than the earlier EU countries.
C)ethnically and linguistically Slavic.
D)All of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 32: East Asia: The Recent Decades
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Q1) What are the reasons for the economic growth of Taiwan? Why did the economic policies of the GMD,which largely failed in China,succeed in Taiwan?
Q2) Which was<u> not</u> one of the fundamental changes imposed on rural society under Mao?
A)land redistribution
B)collectivization
C)forced labor
D)limited free markets
Q3) In the 1990s, Vietnam adopted a policy of
A)economic reform that resembled that of China.
B)isolation from international affairs.
C)alliance with the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.
D)collectivized agriculture and nationalized industry.
Q4) The North Korean economy in recent times has
A)adopted limited capitalism.
B)increased development in heavy industry such as steel.
C)stagnated,leading to famine and shortages.
D)organized its farms into collectives.
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Chapter 33: Post-colonialism and Beyond: Latin America,
Africa, Asia, and the Middle East
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Q1) What were some of the most prominent concerns faced by the nation of Iran during the 20th century? What about the early 21st century? How has the Revolution of 1979 changed the nation of Iran?
Q2) In 1967, Colonel Ojukwu broke away from Nigeria and created what independent state?
A)Biafra
B)Congo
C)Eritrea
D)Burundi
Q3) The authors characterize both the Israelis and Palestinians, caught in a cycle of violence, as
A)wise.
B)weak.
C)short-sighted.
D)intransigent.
Q4) Apartheid was a policy that legally segregated
A)Christians from non-Christians.
B)native Africans from European colonials.
C)blacks and "coloreds" from whites.
D)blacks,but not "coloreds," from whites.
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