History of Civilization Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
History of Civilization explores the development of human societies from ancient times to the modern era, examining key events, cultural achievements, social structures, and political changes that have shaped civilizations around the world. Students will analyze the rise and fall of empires, the evolution of religious and philosophical thought, technological advancements, and the dynamic interactions among different peoples. The course places a strong emphasis on comparative perspectives and encourages critical thinking about how past civilizations influence contemporary global society.
Recommended Textbook
The Worlds History Combined Volume 5th Edition by Howard Spodek
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24 Chapters
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2
Chapter 1: The Dry Bones Speak
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Sample Questions
Q1) Southeast Asia was peopled around ________ years ago.
A) 50,000
B) 1 million
C) 3000
D) 150,000
Answer: A
Q2) Which of these was the Akkadian god that created the human race?
A) Tiamat
B) Purusha
C) Marduk
D) Apsu
Answer: C
Q3) Normal science develops by ________.
A) giant leaps
B) small stages
C) constantly incorporating scientific revolutions
D) rejecting challenges to accepted models
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: From Village Community to City-State
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Q1) Which of these best characterizes the function of cylinder seals?
A) sending messages
B) recording quantities
C) certifying authenticity
D) recording a destination
Answer: C
Q2) Which of these was the city of Gilgamesh?
A) Çatal Hüyük
B) Sumer
C) Akkad
D) Uruk
Answer: D
Q3) Mesopotamian ziggurats were above all symbols of ________ power.
A) religious
B) political
C) family
D) financial
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: River Valley Civilizations
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Q1) Comparing ancient Egypt to Mesopotamian and Harappan civilization,what was the special role of the Nile River to Egyptian civilization?
Answer: The Nile River played a crucial and special role in the development and sustenance of ancient Egyptian civilization. Unlike the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia or the Indus River in the Harappan civilization, the Nile River flooded predictably and annually, depositing rich silt along its banks. This allowed for the development of a highly productive agricultural system, which in turn supported a large and stable population. The Nile also provided a natural transportation route, facilitating trade and communication between different regions of Egypt. Additionally, the river served as a source of water for drinking, bathing, and irrigation, essential for the survival and prosperity of the ancient Egyptians. The Nile River was not only a lifeline for the people of ancient Egypt, but it also held religious and cultural significance, with the annual flooding being associated with the fertility and renewal of the land. Overall, the Nile River was integral to the success and longevity of Egyptian civilization, shaping its economy, society, and belief systems.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: A Polycentric World
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Q1) Historians agree that the people of Jenne-jeno ________.
A) were town-dwellers
B) were in the Paleolithic Age
C) farmed
D) were Bantu
Q2) Which of these is thought to have been represented by the site of Erlitou?
A) Longshan culture
B) the Shang dynasty
C) Yangshao culture
D) the Xia dynasty
Q3) Which of these was an early African city along the Niger River?
A) Timbuktu
B) Ife
C) Cairo
D) Algiers
Q4) The Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties are best characterized as having ________.
A) succeeded each other as the sole powers of China
B) ruled at the same time
C) successively conquered China as invaders
D) ruled roughly the same region
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Dawn of the Empires
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Q1) Which of these men founded the Athenian Academy?
A) Plato
B) Aristotle
C) Aristophanes
D) Lysistrata
Q2) Compare and contrast Persian and Greek political traditions.
Q3) In the context of Sargon's empire,Agade was ________.
A) on the margins of the empire
B) well placed as a capital
C) in hostile territory
D) a poor choice as capital
Q4) The probable goal of the audience hall at Persepolis was to ________.
A) store grain
B) impress visitors
C) serve as a shrine
D) administer the empire
Q5) Compare the empires created by Assyrian and Egyptian rulers.What were their most important similarities and differences?
Q6) How can you explain the fame of Alexander's conquests? Is this fame deserved?
Q7) What were the most important strengths and weaknesses of Persian rule?
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Chapter 6: Rome and the Barbarians
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Q1) Did Rome want an empire? Answer this question by considering the forces that drove Rome's acquisition of a massive empire.
Q2) The death of Caesar indicates that his rule had threatened the power of Rome's ________.
A) senators
B) triumvirate
C) merchants
D) army
Q3) Compare the Roman Empire to Alexander's empire.Why did they have such different fates?
Q4) Arguably,the most important goal of the Roman political system was ________.
A) equity
B) human rights
C) expansion
D) stability
Q5) The period of Augustus' rule can be characterized as ________.
A) both politically and culturally revolutionary
B) politically innovative but socially conservative
C) socially progressive and politically innovative
D) revolutionary in all spheres of life
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Chapter 7: China
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Q1) Shi Huangdi was the first ruler of the ________ dynasty.
A) Han
B) Tang
C) Qin
D) Sui
Q2) Which of these was founded by the Toba people?
A) the Han dynasty
B) the Northern Wei dynasty
C) the Tang dynasty
D) the Sui dynasty
Q3) The Sui dynasty is best characterized as a period of ________.
A) unification
B) turmoil
C) collapse
D) territorial expansion
Q4) Which of these was a prominent Chinese poet?
A) Han Fei Tzu
B) Li Bai
C) Sima Qian
D) Gu Kaizhi
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Indian Empires
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Q1) Which of these ruled India around 300 B.C.E.?
A) Chandragupta Maurya
B) Asoka
C) Meander
D) Harsa
Q2) Much of India was briefly unified under ________ in the seventh century.
A) Kanishka
B) Asoka
C) Harsa
D) Chandra Gupta
Q3) Unlike the Huna invasion,the Aryan migrations into India ________.
A) had a lasting impact
B) brought a new religion
C) were more protracted
D) came from the north
Q4) The great temple of Borobudur was built in ________ in the 700s.
A) Cambodia
B) Java
C) Japan
D) the Ganges valley
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Chapter 9: Hinduism and Buddhism
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Q1) Why did Buddhism change so much as it spread?
Q2) Like Shinto in Japan,Hinduism in India ________.
A) was introduced by foreign missionaries
B) developed in classical times
C) easily survived Buddhism's challenge
D) was profoundly influenced by Buddhism
Q3) The idea of bodhisattvas is an example of ________.
A) Buddhism's development over the centuries
B) a foundation idea developed by Siddhartha Gautama
C) Buddhist borrowing from Hinduism
D) the influence of Daoism on Buddhism
Q4) Hinduism around 1000 B.C.E is best characterized as ________.
A) based entirely on Harappan precedents
B) introduced by Aryan immigrants
C) emerging
D) syncretistic
Q5) What did Buddhism have in common with Hinduism?
Q6) How did Hinduism intersect with political,social,and economic life in classical India?
Q7) Compare the spread of Buddhism and of Hinduism outside of India.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Judaism and Christianity
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Q1) Charlemagne's capital was at ________.
A) Paris
B) Rome
C) Aachen
D) Berlin
Q2) Which of these Germanic kings came to the assistance of Pope Stephen II in 754?
A) Pepin III
B) Charles Martel
C) Alaric
D) Charlemagne
Q3) The Christians were persecuted in the first century C.E.under the emperor
A) Aurelius
B) Nero
C) Valerian
D) Diocletian
Q4) What were the most important lines of development in Judaism?
Q5) How did Paul and Augustine reshape Christianity? Would you consider these modifications profound or superficial?
Page 12
Q6) How did its emergence in the Roman context help to mold Christianity?
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Chapter 11: Islam
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Q1) Which of these was a large kingdom that emerged in the Sahel region around 300 C.E.?
A) Timbuktu
B) Morocco
C) Ghana
D) Malindi
Q2) Which of these was a Muslim historian,author of Universal History?
A) al-Biruni
B) Ibn Sina
C) Ibn Khaldun
D) al-Javaini
Q3) The five pillars of Islam are best characterized as Muslim ________.
A) beliefs
B) practices
C) organization
D) values
Q4) What steps made up the shift of Islam from and Arab to a universal religion?
Q5) What were the most important features of interactions between Muslims and Christians between the time of Muhammad and 1300?
Q6) How did expansion into the Middle East reshape Islam and Muslim culture?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Establishing World Trade Routes
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Q1) The ________ lies along the southern edge of the Sahara.
A) savannah
B) rainforest
C) Congo River
D) sahel
Q2) Aztec pochtecas were ________.
A) traders
B) kings
C) farmers
D) bankers
Q3) Roughly ________ merchants traded regularly in Tenochtitlán.
A) 40,000
B) 4,000
C) 40
D) 400
Q4) The Zheng He voyages can be characterized as ________.
A) disastrous
B) unsuccessful
C) a turning point in Chinese history
D) successful
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Chapter 13: The Opening of the Atlantic and the Pacific
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Q1) In the late 1200s,revolts broke out in ________ cities.
A) French
B) Italian
C) English
D) Flemish
Q2) Viking explorations across the Atlantic can be characterized as having been undertaken ________.
A) boldly
B) piecemeal
C) with state support
D) timidly
Q3) Looking at the map "World exploration,1450-1600," which of these is illustrated by the Ottoman and Safavid empires?
A) the motive for Europeans to find new sea routes
B) support for European commerce
C) new lucrative markets for European traders
D) the strongest competitors for dominance in central Asia
Q4) Use The Triumph of Death to consider the different impacts of the Black Death on Europe.
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Chapter 14: The Unification of World Trade
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Q1) Hernán Cortés is perhaps the most famous example of a ________.
A) hacienda
B) conquistador
C) encomendero
D) Franciscan
Q2) Which of these men developed the notion of laissez-faire?
A) Jean-Baptiste Colbert
B) Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
C) Adam Smith
D) Cardinal Richelieu
Q3) The millet system in the Ottoman Empire followed the same tradition as Muslim treatment of ________.
A) slaves
B) dhimmi
C) foreigners
D) merchants
Q4) How did the emergence of the nation-state change the nature of imperialism?
Q5) What were the most important short-term and long-term impacts of the Protestant Reformation?
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Chapter 15: Migration
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Q1) African slaves taken to Muslim lands were more likely to ________ than slaves going to the Americas.
A) have children with their masters
B) be freed
C) do manual labor
D) die young
Q2) The trans-Atlantic slave trade accounted for about ________ number of African slaves as other regions.
A) three times the
B) half the
C) ten times the
D) the same
Q3) The Safavid,Ottoman,and Mughal empires were all ________.
A) Turkic
B) formed from Mongol khanates
C) hegemonic empires
D) Muslim
Q4) Compare two world regions in the period from 1300 to 1750,considering to what extent they were impacted by global trends.
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Chapter 16: Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas
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Q1) A key goal of the rebels in the American Revolution was to________.
A) retain their political autonomy
B) institute a democracy
C) gain control of Britain
D) establish universal suffrage
Q2) The First and Second estates in the French government were made up of the ________.
A) merchants and town-dwellers
B) artisans and soldiers
C) clergy and nobles
D) laborers and artisans
Q3) In the English Civil War,religion was the ________.
A) background cause
B) most important factor
C) trigger
D) pretext
Q4) What two threads of political thought were launched by Locke and Hobbes? Has each endured equally?
Page 18
Q5) What were the most important factors that shaped the Latin American revolutions?
Q6) What was the relationship of the scientific revolution and the Enlightenment?
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Page 19
Chapter 17: The Industrial Revolution
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Q1) Which of these was created by Eli Whitney?
A) the spinning mule
B) the cotton gin
C) the first train
D) puddling process
Q2) Which of these best characterizes the consensus concerning the question "Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin in Britain"?
A) Enclosures provided the main spark for industrialization.
B) Britain already had a partially mechanized textile industry before any other nation.
C) No one simple answer has emerged.
D) Capitalism was most advanced in Britain.
Q3) The Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century was written by ________.
A) Adna Ferrin Weber
B) Charles Booth
C) Gustave Caillebotte
D) Oswald Spengler
Q4) Identify two or three factors that you think answer the question "Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?" Support your choices.
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Page 20
Chapter 18: Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance
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Q1) Nationalism tended to be destructive for ________ states such as ________.
A) large; Austria-Hungary
B) multiethnic; Ottoman Empire
C) Catholic; Poland
D) non-industrialized; Spain
Q2) The subject of the Berlin Conference was ________.
A) the Mahdi uprising
B) partitioning Africa
C) the Balkans
D) the weakened Ottoman Empire
Q3) When was Italy first unified as a country?
A) 1780
B) 1860
C) 1920
D) 1640
Q4) The Boxer uprising can be described as a(n)________ conflict.
A) communist
B) internal ethnic
C) workers'
D) nationalist anti-Western
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Chapter 19: Methods of Mass Production and Destruction
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Q1) Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a prominent ________ nationalist.
A) Indonesian
B) Indian
C) Burmese
D) Japanese
Q2) After World War I,Syria and Iraq were ________.
A) independent
B) provinces of the Ottoman Empire
C) mandates
D) joined to form a new state
Q3) In the cartoon depicting the Young Turks,which of these is symbolized by the shrouded figure?
A) the end of Turkey
B) the death of the Ottoman Empire
C) the death of Abdul Hamid II
D) the secular turn of the Turkish world
Q4) What was the relationship between industrialization in the early 1900s with the first and second stages of the Industrial Revolution?
Q5) How did World War I differ from earlier conflicts?
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Chapter 20: World War II
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Q1) Mussolini came to power in Italy ________.
A) by force
B) legitimately
C) through trickery
D) through a variety of extralegal means
Q2) Which of these played a large role in motivating German and Italian fascism?
A) neocolonialism
B) revenge against the Allied Powers
C) the desire to industrialize
D) dissatisfaction with the outcome of World War I
Q3) The experience of World War II ________ women's lives in combatant nations.
A) immediately changed
B) had long-term impacts on
C) had no impacts on
D) had only temporary impacts on
Q4) What commonalities led to the emergence of fascism in different countries?
Q5) How did the causes,scope,and results of World War I and World War II differ?
Q6) Compare responses to World War II.How have they attempted to deal with the legacy of the war?
Q7) How did the League of Nations and the United Nations differ?
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Chapter 21: Cold War, New Nations, and Revolt Against Authority
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Q1) Which of these countries experienced the Prague Spring in 1968?
A) Poland
B) Czechoslovakia
C) Slovenia
D) Hungary
Q2) Unlike Cuba and Vietnam,India was ________ in the twentieth century.
A) nonaligned
B) a Soviet ally
C) a third-world nation
D) a member of NATO
Q3) Russia's first president was ________.
A) Mikhail Gorbachev
B) Viktor Chernomyrdin
C) Boris Yeltsin
D) Sergey Kiriyenko
Q4) What were the major factors that led to the Cold War?
Q5) Compare two countries' decolonization experiences.How do you account for these differences?
Q6) How did the Cold War impact relations among American nations?
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Chapter 22: China and India
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Q1) Was partition inevitable?
Q2) For Gandhi,the spinning wheel represented ________.
A) Hindu traditions
B) British rule
C) Indian independence
D) technological advancement
Q3) The principle of ahimsa means ________.
A) "resistance"
B) "truth"
C) "freedom"
D) "nonviolence"
Q4) In terms of education,India today can be characterized as ________.
A) backwards
B) lopsided
C) egalitarian
D) advanced
Q5) What were the most important factors leading to the communist victory in China?
Q6) What do you consider the most striking similarities between China and India around 1945?
Q7) How did Mao's political ideas evolve after the victory of 1949?
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Chapter 23: Contemporary History: Evolution, Settlements, Politics,
and Religion
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Q1) James D.Watson,Francis Crick,and Rosalind Franklin are associated with the discovery of ________.
A) the procedure for cloning
B) the HIV virus
C) a cure for tuberculosis
D) DNA
Q2) For François Mitterrand,in "The Continuing Rationale for European Integration," the most important role of European integration is ________.
A) maintaining the balance of power
B) limiting German aggression
C) economic stability
D) keeping the peace
Q3) The Kyoto Protocol concerns ________.
A) ending slums
B) fighting terrorism
C) greenhouse gas emissions
D) nuclear test bans
Q4) How has our understanding of evolution changed in the last 100 years?
Page 26
Q5) How has the end of the Cold War changed international politics?
Q6) What are the most important aspects of China's changing role in the world?
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Chapter 24: Trade,Revolution,Technology,Identity
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Q1) In 2013,the World Trade Organization had ________ members.
A) 27
B) 92
C) 239
D) 159
Q2) Who was elected president after the end of apartheid?
A) F. W. de Klerk
B) Thabo Mbeki
C) Nelson Mandela
D) P.W. Botha
Q3) Between 1980 and 2011,China's greenhouse gas emissions increased ________.
A) by half
B) five times
C) ten times
D) twenty times
Q4) The Washington consensus refers to policies advocated by the ________.
A) World Bank
B) United Nations
C) International Monetary Fund
D) World Trade Organization
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