Historiography Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Historiography explores the methods, theories, and approaches that historians use to study and interpret the past. This course examines how historical narratives are constructed, how interpretations of events change over time, and the ways in which historians perspectives are influenced by context, ideology, and evidence. Students will analyze key debates within the field, become familiar with major schools of historiographical thought, and critically engage with historical sources and scholarship to better understand the process of writing and revising history.
Recommended Textbook HIST 3 3rd Edition by Kevin M. Schultz
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29 Chapters
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1316 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Three Societies on the Verge of Contact
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Q1) The Renaissance was
A) a movement to breathe new life into Christian religion.
B) the rebirth of feudalism.
C) a movement celebrating cultural difference.
D) an intellectual and artistic flowering in fourteenth century Europe.
E) a period of great exploration and expansion.
Answer: D
Q2) Religion as practiced in Lower Guinea by the 1500s
A) was mainly that of Islam.
B) consisted of one major god and several lesser gods with specific capacities.
C) was monotheistic.
D) had one major demigod the people prayed to as a direct connection between them and their major god.
E) was based almost completely on animal worship.
Answer: B
Q3) Increasing trade and competition among European powers was a major factor in the decline of feudalism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Contact and Settlement, 1492-1660
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Q1) After becoming a royal colony under the king's ultimate control,Virginia established an assembly called the House of Burgesses which gave the colonists a great deal of self-rule.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The major conflict between the colonists and a local Indian tribe in the 1630s that previewed future conflicts was known as the
A) Powhatan Conflict.
B) Jamestown Massacre.
C) Pequot War.
D) Roanoke War.
E) Wampanoag War.
Answer: C
Q3) Rather than just one or two major cities,small towns composed of just several families were the central institution of Massachusetts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Expansion and Its Costs, 1660-1700
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Q1) Among Bacon's Laws were rules granting the franchise to all freemen and scheduled elections for members of the Virginia legislature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following accurately characterizes King William's War?
A) The French and the British actually initiated the fighting.
B) It gave the British control of Hudson Bay.
C) The fighting extended to the North American mainland between different native tribes allied with respective European powers, although the war had actually begun in Europe.
D) The French were forced to build numerous fortifications to protect their settlers around Hudson Bay.
E) The friendly relationship between the French and the Iroquois finally came to an end. Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Expansion and Control, 1700-1763
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Q1) Discuss the development of the four distinct regions of the English colonies in America.
Q2) Which of the following is <i>not</i> true about John Peter Zenger?
A) He was arrested for publishing an attack on the governor.
B) He was acquitted because his charge proved correct.
C) The Zenger case turned out to be a central test for freedom of the press in colonial America.
D) It would take another 100 years before "truth" would become a legitimate defense against libel charges.
E) The Zenger case illustrated the deep anti-authoritarian sentiment at the time.
Q3) The Triangular Trade connected the West Indies,New York,and Boston in a triangle form.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In what ways did religion change in the colonies as a result of the Great Awakening?
Q5) Describe what a typical "middle passage" would have been like for its slave passengers.
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Chapter 5: Toward Revolution, 1763-1775
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Q1) The colonists summarized which of the following parliamentary acts as the "Intolerable Acts"?
A) The Townshend Duties
B) The Stamp Act
C) The Tea and Sugar Acts
D) The Declaratory and Restraining Acts
E) The Coercive and Quebec Acts
Q2) In the midst of the controversy over "freedom," "liberty," and "representation," New England's slaves petitioned the colonial government for their freedom as well.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the reasons for the Boston Tea Party,describe the actions of those involved,and enumerate Parliament's response.
Q4) The Declaratory Act declared the colonists in open rebellion against the King of England.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: The Revolution
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Q1) What was the purpose for the penning of the Declaration of Independence? How well did its authors do in laying out their case for going to war?
Q2) King George did all of the following in the wake of the colonists' Olive Branch Petition, <i>except</i>
A) denounce the colonists as rebels.
B) hire German mercenaries, the "Hessians," to help defeat the rebels.
C) close all American ports.
D) reject the Olive Branch Petition.
E) consult with his closest advisors about whether to accept the colonists' petition for a truce.
Q3) To get men to enlist for the fight,the Continental government first offered them A) money.
B) land.
C) short enlistments.
D) officers' commissions.
E) homes.
Q4) Who were the major commanding officers for both sides during the Revolutionary War? How would you describe their effectiveness?
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8
Chapter 7: Confederation and Constitution, 1783-1789
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Q1) All of the following problems posed an immediate challenge to the young nation , <i>except</i>
A) It had amassed a huge debt from fighting for independence.
B) It suddenly had vast lands to control in the west.
C) Loyalists continued to attack the nation's central institutions with guerilla warfare.
D) It had to recreate a system of trade after England's protections had been withdrawn.
E) The revolutionary ideology of republicanism warned against a strong central authority that could address its issues forcefully.
Q2) The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 is significant for all of the following reasons <i>except</i>
A) It stipulated that a territory could elect a legislature when its male population reached 5,000.
B) It contained a bill of rights.
C) It left to each new state the decision of whether to allow slavery.
D) It created boundaries for the territories.
E) It allowed territories to enter the Union as states once their total population reached 60,000.
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Chapter 8: Securing the New Nation, 1789-1800
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Q1) In compiling possible items for the Bill of Rights,James Madison proposed seventeen amendments to the Constitution.However Congress approved only twelve of these amendments,and the states,in turn,ultimately ratified only ten of the original seventeen amendments proposed by Madison.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "Implied powers" suggested that the Constitution gave Congress much more power than mere words would suggest,by stating that it had the power to do whatever was "necessary and proper" to the efficient functioning of the government.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jefferson's position in the cabinet put him in charge of all of the following <i>except</i>
A) public lands.
B) diplomatic relations.
C) the delivery of mail.
D) patents and copyrights.
E) the census.
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Chapter 9: Jeffersonian Democracy, 1800-1814
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Q1) Which of these people was at the center of the country's first serious plot of secession?
A) Alexander Hamilton.
B) Aaron Burr.
C) John Marshall.
D) Henry Clay.
E) Charles Pinckney.
Q2) Explain Jeffersonian Democracy,and evaluate how successful Thomas Jefferson was in practicing that concept.
Q3) When Jefferson sent his emissaries to France to negotiate with Napoleon,he was hoping to purchase all of the Louisiana Territory,but he would have settled for the city of New Orleans.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Federalists believed they had a good chance to win the election of 1808 because of the unpopularity of Jefferson's Embargo Act of 1807.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v.Madison.
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Chapter 10: The Market Revolution
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Q1) In what ways did farming change during the Market Revolution? What technological improvements made this possible?
Q2) The key development in the communications revolution was the A) telegraph.
B) railroad.
C) Pony Express.
D) stagecoach.
E) telephone.
Q3) The first of America's "power loom" textile mills that wove cloth under one factory roof was put into operation by Samuel Slater.
A)True
B)False
Q4) After the railroads moved westward,farmers turned even more to specialized agriculture,with a wheat belt reaching from western New York to Wisconsin,a corn belt from Ohio to Illinois,a tobacco belt from Kentucky to Missouri,and a cotton belt from Georgia to Mississippi.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Politics of the Market Revolution
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Q1) Which of the following is the most accurate description of the Nullification Crisis?
A) Jackson's supporters pressured Congress to nullify the 1824 election results and make him president.
B) Western farmers sought to nullify foreclosures on their farms that resulted from the depression.
C) President Jackson nullified the Supreme Court decision that granted the Cherokee the right to remain in Georgia.
D) President Jackson nullified the charter of the Bank of the United States.
E) South Carolina nullified federal tariffs and challenged the constitutional principle that the federal government had the sole authority to regulate foreign trade.
Q2) The party that was formed by Clay,Adams,and their followers finally took the name of the
A) Second Party.
B) National Republicans.
C) Federal Party.
D) Whig Party.
E) Tory Party.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: A Regionalized America, 1830-1860
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Q1) All of the following statements provide an accurate description of life in the pre-Civil War South <i>except</i>
A) The majority of white southerners were yeoman farmers.
B) Most white Southerners did not own slaves.
C) While most white southerners had no direct connection to a southern plantation, most slaves lived on plantations.
D) A group of landless whites mostly worked as laborers on farms or settled the Southwest.
E) Cotton was king - the most important source of agricultural revenue in the South.
Q2) The immigrants who arrived from the mid-1800s onward tended to avoid what area?
A) California
B) Midwest (Old Northwest)
C) South
D) Boston
E) Middle Atlantic states
Q3) How did life change for those living in the northern countryside?
Q4) How did southern states react to the news of Nat Turner's Rebellion?
Q5) Describe ways in which whites' defense of slavery changed over time.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Continued Move West
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Q1) Texas won its independence from Mexico at the Battle of
A) San Antonio.
B) Horseshoe Bend.
C) the Alamo.
D) San Jacinto.
E) Houston.
Q2) How did Americans manage to wrest tribal lands away from the Plains Indians?
Q3) Which of these peoples never had a territorial claim on the Oregon Territory?
A) The British
B) The Dutch
C) The Spanish
D) The Americans
E) The Russians
Q4) The British slowly began to withdraw from the Oregon Territory after
A) the United States demonstrated its willingness to fight for the area.
B) the beaver population declined in that region.
C) several Native American tribes went on the warpath.
D) many more Americans settled in the area.
E) the French showed a renewed interest in the region.
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Chapter 14: The Impending Crisis
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Q1) John Brown carried out a raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry,Virginia in order to
A) show his resistance to slavery.
B) show his solidarity with local slaves.
C) spark a slave revolt among the local slaves.
D) avenge the deaths of several anti-slavery people in Lawrence, Kansas.
E) seize ammunition held at the federal arsenal there so that he could return to Kansas and lead a slave revolt.
Q2) Many white northern Democrats who opposed slavery
A) hoped that when the slaves were freed they would come North for industrial work, where they would finally find acceptance.
B) agreed to disagree with southern Democrats on the slavery issue, for the sake of party unity.
C) believed, as southern whites did, in the legitimacy of white supremacy.
D) thought slavery in the western territories would be acceptable, so long as the practice did not spread northward.
E) did not understand how southern whites could stand to spend so much time around blacks.
Q3) How and when was the Know-Nothing Party established? For what purpose?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Civil War
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Q1) In what ways did Abraham Lincoln tamper with Americans' civil liberties during the war? What comparable steps were taken by Jefferson Davis in the Confederacy?
Q2) Explain exactly what the Emancipation Proclamation did and did not do.Why was it so important to Lincoln to make that public declaration? What did the Emancipation Proclamation accomplish?
Q3) Taxes were imposed on both northerners and southerners during the war for the first time since the War of 1812.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Southerners had advantages,too,and one of the strongest was the fact that the North
A) did not believe people in the South had the stomach for a real fight.
B) failed to realize how much gallantry was involved in southern fighting.
C) underestimated the determination of the South to hold on to slavery.
D) had to invade the South to win the war, while the South only had to wage a defensive battle.
E) was not dedicated to the fight.
Q5) Discuss the historical significance of the Civil War.
Q6) Discuss the challenges the Union and the Confederacy faced on their homefronts.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Reconstruction, 1865-1877
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Q1) As a result of the Panic of 1873,
A) many American banks closed.
B) the nation blamed Republicans for the economic crisis, enabling the Democrats to win seventy-seven congressional seats in the 1874 election.
C) Reconstruction policies were blamed for the economic crisis.
D) Grant was voted out of office in 1876.
E) Grant blamed himself for not handling the financial crisis firmly enough.
Q2) What was life like for a typical freedman and his family in the years immediately following the end of the war?
Q3) A southern white Republican was called a A) carpetbagger.
B) scalawag.
C) turncoat.
D) traitor.
E) deviant.
Q4) How did southern Democratic elites react to the actions of the Reconstruction Congress? What measures did they take to ensure that their way of life returned to "normal"?
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Chapter 17: The Industrial Revolution
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Q1) The Haymarket strike led to
A) the founding of the Knights of Labor.
B) growing anti-union sentiment nationwide.
C) increased union membership across the country.
D) new government policies about arresting strikers.
E) a huge victory for the American Federation of Labor.
Q2) Carnegie's business model of controlling all aspects of the steel industry,from iron ore extraction to steel delivery,is known as
A) a monopoly.
B) absolute control.
C) vertical integration.
D) horizontal integration.
E) profit consolidation.
Q3) The need to market goods over wider areas gave rise to new forms of A) labor organization.
B) production.
C) warehousing.
D) accounting.
E) advertising.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Industrial Age: North, south, and West
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Q1) The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
A) resulted from fears that the increasing number of Chinese immigrants would depress wages.
B) banned immigration of Chinese workers for ten years and prohibited those in the U.S. from becoming citizens.
C) was renewed twice, but didn't prevent wealthy Chinese from immigrating.
D) All of these choices.
E) None of these choices.
Q2) Which of these was <i>not</i> a major reason for immigration to America in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
A) A large increase in population across Europe.
B) A rise in anti-Semitism, especially in Russia.
C) The lure of economic opportunity in America.
D) American advertisements placed in Western European newspapers.
E) Europe's Industrial Revolution, which drew too many people to the cities, where they could not find jobs.
Q3) Coney Island was one of the most popular amusement parks in the country.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20
Chapter 19: The Progressive Era
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Q1) The National American Woman's Suffrage Association,working state to state between 1911 and 1914,gained the right to vote for women in several states,but not in the state of A) Oregon.
B) Kansas.
C) California.
D) New York.
E) Nevada.
Q2) To achieve their goal of bettering society,Progressives relied on all of the following strategies <i>except</i>
A) crafting laws against perceived social wrongs.
B) writing exposés that made the public aware of problems and galvanized their support for change.
C) supporting trust-busting efforts by political leaders.
D) relying on parades, protests and demonstrations to rally public support for their initiatives.
E) relying on the courts to end racism and place limits on the hours women and children could work.
Q3) Who were the Progressives? What were their main goals?
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21
Chapter 20: Becoming a World Power
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Q1) American humanitarian efforts in the Philippines,Puerto Rico,Guam,and Cuba included all of the following, <i>except</i>
A) Missionaries built churches and orphanages.
B) Educators built schools.
C) Americans helped local people to establish independent, domestic businesses.
D) Doctors built hospitals.
E) Dr. Walter Reed discovered how yellow fever was spread.
Q2) The election of 1900 showed that
A) a strident anti-imperialist political ideology would not be sufficiently appealing to American voters.
B) Theodore Roosevelt was a great addition to McKinley's ticket.
C) Bryan was finished as a presidential candidate.
D) a good economy takes all interest away from the usual campaign issues.
E) most people were by then in favor of imperialism.
Q3) The first country in which the United States wanted to build a canal across Central America was Colombia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Prosperity and Change in the Twenties
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Q1) Who were some of the artists and writers who became expatriates in Europe during the 1920s? What were their reasons for leaving?
Q2) An "open shop" meant that
A) owners could not discriminate in any way in their hiring practices.
B) owners were legally bound to keep all escape routes open, and they were fined frequently when they did not.
C) no one could be forced to join a union as a condition for working at a given company.
D) no unions were allowed on the premises.
E) workers had voted to ban all union activity from their particular workplace.
Q3) One of the most prominent observers who ridiculed the anti-evolutionists at the Scopes Trial in Tennessee was H.L.Mencken,a journalist with a flair for "barbs."
A)True
B)False
Q4) How did especially rural and small-town Americans respond to the changes of the 1920s? What role did religion,race,and ethnicity play in their reaction?
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Chapter 22: The Great Depression and the New Deal
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Q1) Which of these is <i>not</i> a true statement about the Communist Party in America in the 1930s?
A) It sought to eliminate private property and make the state responsible for people's welfare.
B) It gained ground during the Depression because capitalism was in such turmoil.
C) It became a greater force in American politics than ever before.
D) It paid for the defense of the Scotsboro boys to highlight American racism and display communism's egalitarians.
E) It organized the Bonus March on Washington.
Q2) The Glass-Steagall Act created the
A) Securities and Exchange Commission.
B) Federal Reserve System.
C) Open Market Committee.
D) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
E) The Tennessee Valley Authority.
Q3) Discuss the ways in which the New Deal transformed national culture.What has been the legacy of the New Deal in American life?
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Chapter 23: World War II
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Q1) In May 1940,Winston Churchill
A) petitioned the U.S. Congress for military aid.
B) became Britain's Prime Minister and wrote to FDR.
C) became Britain's Secretary of the Navy.
D) met with FDR for the first of many meetings.
E) delivered his inspiring speech to the British Parliament in which he pledged that the British would continue to fight the Germans anywhere.
Q2) The "Double V" campaign was a commitment made by African American military personnel fighting in the war; they would achieve victory abroad and then come home to work for victory over discrimination against African Americans in their own country.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Japan's first major action in the Pacific took place when its military invaded
A) Manchuria in China.
B) the Philippines.
C) the Dutch East Indies.
D) Russian Siberia.
E) Iwo Jima.
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25
Chapter 24: Cold War America
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Q1) The main reason that the Dixiecrats broke with Truman in 1948 and formed their own party was his
A) support for civil rights.
B) accommodationist stand on Communism.
C) lack of charisma compared to FDR.
D) poor treatment of General Douglas MacArthur.
E) extremely liberal views.
Q2) All of the following are examples of the Second Red Scare in America <i>except</i>
A) requirements that government employees sign loyalty oaths.
B) government investigations of organizations that were considered potentially subversive.
C) Senator Joseph McCarthy's claims about - and subsequent investigations ofhundreds of alleged communists in the state department
D) new laws regarding the protection of civil liberties.
E) the establishment of the House Un-American Activities Committee and its investigations of Hollywood.
Q3) How would you evaluate Harry Truman as president? Give some examples to explain your answer.
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Chapter 25: The Sixties
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Q1) The growth of America's counterculture showed that many young people,besides condemning the Vietnam War,also
A) simply enjoyed the hippie lifestyle.
B) were eager to rebel against the strict attitudes of their parents.
C) rejected traditional American politics, social values, and the cut-throat world of business.
D) joined like-minded groups for the plentiful drugs and sex.
E) took a stand on immigration issues.
Q2) Evaluate the leadership of Malcolm X in the civil rights movement.What was so different about his approach compared to that of Martin Luther King,Jr.?
Q3) Which program was <i>not</i> developed through passage of the Economic Opportunity Act?
A) VISTA
B) Peace Corps
C) Work-training programs
D) Job Corps
E) Head Start
Q4) Describe the escalation of the Vietnam War under President Lyndon B.Johnson.How and why did this escalation occur?
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Chapter 26: The Age of Fracture: the 1970s
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Q1) Carter was unable to carry out any of his plans for expanding American social justice because
A) the budget was already in deficit.
B) the New Left would not support him.
C) Islamic militants took 52 hostages from the American Embassy in Tehran.
D) his ambitious plans were struck down by the Supreme Court.
E) the economy remained too troubled overall.
Q2) Nixon's agreement to sell excess American wheat to the Soviet Union
A) opened up improved relations with the Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev.
B) highlighted the fact that the Soviet economy was doing well enough to afford such an extra good.
C) made the SALT agreements unnecessary.
D) was successful because the U.S. president came with Chinese recommendation to Moscow.
E) angered American farmers committed to anticommunism.
Q3) William F.Buckley's <i>National Review</i> was touted as one of the best liberal publications of the 20 century.
A)True
B)False
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Page 28
Chapter 27: Reagans America
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Q1) What did George Bush do to upset Americans so much that he lost his bid for re-election in 1992?
A) He campaigned in 1988 as a loyal follower of Ronald Reagan, but once in office, he began to dismantle many of his predecessor's programs.
B) He invaded Iraq and rescued Kuwait from Saddam Hussein, but he failed to remove the dictator from power.
C) He pushed his sons into politics, creating what many feared would become a national political dynasty.
D) He promised the American people not to raise taxes and then he raised taxes.
E) He vocally chastised Reagan for the Savings and Loan disaster.
Q2) One of George Bush's most effective campaign strategies in the 1988 election was to portray his opponent,Michael Dukakis,as
A) soft on defense.
B) soft on crime.
C) communist.
D) too inexperienced.
E) out of touch with American values.
Q3) Discuss the rationale for Reagan's supply-side economics.
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Chapter 28: America in the Information Age
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Q1) It was clear from the 2000 election that
A) fraud had definitely occurred somewhere along the line.
B) a three-party system was the way of the future.
C) election officials in Florida did not know how to count votes correctly.
D) the nation was pretty much split along the lines of social liberals vs. Republican defenders of pre-1960s morality.
E) George W. Bush entered the White House with a great deal of "political capital."
Q2) The "Contract With America"
A) was authored by House minority leader Newt Gingrich.
B) was a Republican effort to mobilize voters against Clinton.
C) was a call for tax and budget cuts, greater state power, and looser environmental restrictions.
D) helped put more Republicans in Congress.
E) All of these choices.
Q3) Discuss the role of multiculturalism in contemporary society.How diverse is this nation today? What opportunities and what challenges arise out of this?
Q4) Describe the circumstances that enabled Bill Clinton to become president in 1992.
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Chapter 29: Globalization and Its Discontents
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44098
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the biggest successes of Obama's presidency was
A) passage of the Affordable Care Act.
B) deregulating the banking industry.
C) passing tax cuts that aid the middle class and the wealthiest class of Americans.
D) decreasing U.S. dependence on foreign oil.
E) stabilizing gas prices.
Q2) After he was deposed,Saddam Hussein hid out for several months before he was discovered living in a hole in the ground; handed over by the Americans to the Iraqis,Saddam was soon executed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) John McCain's bid for the presidency was hindered by his presumed ties to the unpopular George W.Bush.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What were George W.Bush's avowed goals in invading Iraq?
Q5) What was the Bush doctrine? How did it differ from all earlier doctrines proposed by presidents Monroe,Roosevelt,and Truman?
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