Histology
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Histology is the scientific study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues in plants and animals. This course provides students with fundamental knowledge of tissue structure and organization as it relates to function, emphasizing the four basic tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Through laboratory exercises and microscopic analysis, students learn to identify and describe normal tissue structures, understand their physiological roles, and appreciate the correlation between morphology and pathology. The course lays a critical foundation for future studies in anatomy, physiology, pathology, and related biomedical fields.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Epithelium
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Sample Questions
Q1) The surface of the ovaries contains which type of epithelium
A) Pseudostratified columnar
B) Simple columnar
C) Simple cuboidal
D) Simple squamous
E) Stratified squamous
Answer: C
Q2) Epithelia that play a protective function and line the esophagus are
A) Pseudostratified columnar
B) Simple columnar
C) Simple squamous
D) Stratified columnar
E) Stratified squamous
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mode of exocrine gland secretion in which the secretory product is released in a pinched-off piece of the plasma membrane is
A) Apocrine
B) Eccrine
C) Endocrine
D) Holocrine
E) Merocrine
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is the site of steroid hormone synthesis?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosomes
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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Sample Questions
Q1) An action potential triggers the release of a(n)
A) Eicosanoid
B) Neurotransmitter
C) Paracrine
D) Peptide hormone
E) Steroid hormone
Answer: B
Q2) A secreted chemical messenger meant to act on an adjacent cell is called a(n)
A) Autocrine
B) Hormone
C) Neurohormone
D) Neurotransmitter
E) Paracrine
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of cartilage found in the external ear is
A) Aurocartilage
B) Elastic cartilage
C) Fibrocartilage
D) Hyaline cartilage
E) Otocartilage
Q2) Identify the INCORRECT statement
A) Connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts are the dominant tissue component in dense connective tissues.
B) Glycosaminoglycans are a dominant component of connective tissue ground substance
C) The generation of heat by the oxidation of fatty acids is a special feature of brown adipose tissue.
D) The highly viscous character of connective tissue ground substance is largely due to the proteoglycans
E) Type I and type V collagen fibers can be found in dense regular connective tissue and bone
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Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secondary ossification centers are found
A) At the outer surface of the diaphysis
B) At the surface of the epiphyses
C) In the center of the epiphyses
D) In the dermis of the skin
E) In the medullary cavity of the diaphysis
Q2) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) These chondrocytes are required for lengthening of long bones
E) They contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
Q3) When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone
A) Appositional bone growth begins
B) Interstitial bone growth begins
C) Long bones have reached their adult length
D) Puberty begins
E) The bone becomes more brittle
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One major protein of plasma that is involved in blood clotting is
A) Albumin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Globulin
D) Immunoglobulin
E) Spectrin
Q2) All of the following are true of blood clotting EXCEPT
A) Heparin enhances the action of thrombin
B) Prothrombinase catalyzes the prothrombin conversion
C) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
D) Thrombin is converted from prothrombin
E) Vitamin K is needed for the liver to synthesize prothrombin
Q3) Which cell type differentiates into macrophages?
A) Basophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Monocyte
E) Neutrophil
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8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the _____.
A) Endomysium
B) Epimysium
C) Perimysium
D) Sarcolemma
E) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Q2) The degree of tension and force in a muscle contraction is monitored by
A) Golgi tendon organs
B) Motor neurons
C) Muscle spindles
D) Nuclear bag fibers
E) Terminal cisternae
Q3) Following the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, an action potential travels along the _____ to the interior of the muscle cell.
A) Sarcomere
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Thick filament
D) Thin filament
E) Transverse tubule
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cell bodies of which of the following type of neuron are found in dorsal root ganglia?
A) Central nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Sensory
D) Somatic motor
E) Sympathetic
Q2) Which of the following neuroglial cells is phagocytic?
A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglial cells
E) Satellite cells
Q3) The _____ receives external signals and transmits the information to the neuronal cell body.
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Soma
D) Synaptic terminal
E) Telodendron
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the distance between the eye and the object on which it is focusing decreases to less than approximately 20 feet, the _____ contracts, resulting in a more rounded and convex lens
A) Ciliary muscle
B) Iris
C) Optic disc
D) Suspensory ligament
E) Zonula fibers
Q2) During rotational movement, the _____ is moved by endolymph, causing hair cell displacement and resulting in either the propagation or inhibition of an action potential, depending upon the direction of the movement
A) Cupula
B) Kinocilium
C) Saccule
D) Stereocilia
E) Utricle
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11
Chapter 10: Immune Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major histocompatibility complex
A) Activates B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiates into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Helps T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognizes and kills viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secretes interferon on contact with a virus
Q2) The humoral immune response is carried out by
A) B lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) T lymphocytes
E) Thrombocytes
Q3) Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called
A) Antibodies
B) Antigens
C) Complement
D) Cytokines
E) Interferons
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of the stratum spinosum?
A) It contains immunity-conferring cells called Langerhans cells
B) It is also called the "spiny" layer
C) It is comprised mostly of keratinocytes
D) It is superficial to the stratum granulosum and the stratum germinativum
E) Keratins 5 and 14 are replaced by keratins 1 and 10 following basal keratinocyte migration
Q2) These cells are responsible for producing a pigment that protects underlying tissue from ultraviolet radiation
A) Basal (satellite) cells
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Merkel cells
Q3) Nail production occurs at the nail _____.
A) Bed
B) Body
C) Eponychium
D) Hyponychium
E) Matrix
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Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about veins is false?
A) Layering in the walls is indistinct
B) Most small and medium-sized veins contain valves
C) The lumina are larger than corresponding arteries
D) Vasa vasorum in large veins are less common than in corresponding arteries
E) Walls are thinner than those found in corresponding arteries
Q2) Purkinje fibers of the conductive system of the heart are embedded in the
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Subendocardium
D) Subepicardium
E) Visceral pericardium
Q3) The tunica media
A) Contains collagen and elastic fibers
B) Directly surrounds the lumen of the blood vessel
C) Includes the external elastic lamina
D) Is composed of simple squamous epithelia
E) Is not found in venules, arterioles, or capillaries
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14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inspired air moves from the _____ directly into the alveolar ducts.
A) Alveolar sacs
B) Alveoli
C) Respiratory bronchioles
D) Terminal bronchioles
E) Tertiary bronchi
Q2) Which respiratory structure constitutes the last part of the conducting zone?
A) Alveolar ducts
B) Primary bronchi
C) Respiratory bronchioles
D) Secondary bronchi
E) Terminal bronchioles
Q3) Which of the following statements about the larynx is not true?
A) It is lined with respiratory epithelium
B) The false vocal folds contain the space of Reinke
C) The subglottis is inferior to the anterior and posterior commissures
D) The true vocal folds are found in the glottis
E) Vocal cords are abducted during inspiration
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15
Chapter 14: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus is incorrect?
A) Afferent arteriole cells are modified to become macula densa cells
B) Cells of the macula densa are taller and narrower than normal
C) The juxtaglomular apparatus helps regulate blood pressure
D) The juxtaglomular apparatus is partly composed of modified cells from the distal thick segment
E) Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth muscle cells
Q2) After walking through the desert
A) Additional water is reabsorbed in the distal thick segment and collecting duct
B) Aldosterone increases the amount of water that moves through the renal tubule
C) Osmotic pressure in the renal tubule decreases
D) Urine is relatively dilute
E) Water is actively transported in the proximal thick segment
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Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do the surface mucous cells of the stomach do?
A) They are regenerative
B) They help reabsorb vitamin B12
C) They secrete a substance that protects the stomach lining from acid
D) They secrete hydrochloric acid
E) They secrete into the base of the gastric pit
Q2) Which of the following are not mucosal specializations that increase absorptive surface area?
A) Enterocytes
B) Microvilli
C) Plicae circularis
D) Rugae
E) Villi
Q3) The muscularis externa of the ____ is partially striated and partially smooth.
A) Esophagus
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Stomach
E) None of the above -- the entire alimentary canal is lined with smooth muscle
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fat-filled pouches in the large intestinal adventitia are called
A) Appendices epiploicae
B) Peyer's patches
C) Plicae circulares
D) Rugae
E) Taeniae coli
Q2) Cholecystokinin
A) Inhibits gastric juice secretion
B) Inhibits pancreatic juice secretion
C) Stimulates antigen endocytosis
D) Stimulates lysozyme secretion
E) Stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile
Q3) The ____ secrete(s) an alkaline fluid to protect the duodenum from acidic chyme.
A) Brunner's glands
B) Gallbladder
C) Goblet cells
D) Liver
E) Peyer's patches
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18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true of pancreatic intercalated ducts?
A) The secretory acini empty their secretions into them
B) Their initial segments are formed by centroacinar cells
C) They are lined by low columnar or cuboidal epithelium
D) They empty into interlobular ducts
E) They receive secretions from the duct of Wirsung
Q2) Which of the following is not true of salivary gland intralobular duct distribution?
A) Both intercalated and striated ducts are rare in submandibular glands
B) Mucous glands have only occasional intercalated ducts
C) Parotid glands have more striated ducts than submandibular glands
D) Striated ducts are abundant in mucous glands
E) Sublingual glands lack both striated and intercalated ducts
Q3) Sublingual glands
A) Are the largest salivary glands
B) Contain protein-rich granules
C) Contain serous but not mucous cells
D) Have a well-defined capsule
E) Have poorly developed intercalated ducts
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Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which endocrine structure is composed of several cell types, including chromophobe cells, acidophils, and basophils?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Parathyroid gland
D) Pineal gland
E) Posterior pituitary
Q2) Prolactin secretion is _____ by _____.
A) Inhibited dopamine
B) Inhibited somatostatin
C) Stimulated dopamine
D) Stimulated growth hormone-releasing hormone
E) Stimulated nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
Q3) The anterior pituitary
A) Has a blood-brain barrier generated by pituicytes
B) Is composed of basophils, acidophils, and chromophobe cells
C) Is made up of the pars nervosa and the infundibulum
D) Receives blood from the inferior hypophyseal artery
E) Secretes hormones when directed to do so by a nervous signal from the hypothalamus
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Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sodium and water retention in the kidney is stimulated by a hormone secreted by
A) Chromaffin cells
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Zona fasciculata
D) Zona glomerulosa
E) Zona reticularis
Q2) Adequate iodide levels are required for the synthesis of
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
E) Thyroxine
Q3) What happens immediately after insulin binds to the -subunit of the insulin receptor?
A) It activates the adjacent tyrosine kinase ( -subunit)
B) It increases glucose uptake by the cell
C) It stimulates glucagon secretion by the cells
D) It stimulates the synthesis of GLUT-4 (glucose transporter-4)
E) It transports the GLUT-4 protein to the cell membrane
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21
Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which phase of spermiogenesis does the manchette develop?
A) Acrosomal phase
B) Cap phase
C) Golgi phase
D) Maturation phase
E) Spermatid rotation phase
Q2) Testosterone is secreted by
A) Leydig cells
B) Principal cells
C) Sertoli cells
D) Spermatogenic cells
E) Spermatogonia
Q3) Which of the following are diploid structures?
A) Primary spermatocytes
B) Secondary spermatocytes
C) Sperm
D) Spermatids
E) Spermatozoa
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Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which duct has a characteristic wavy lumen as a result of different epithelial cell heights?
A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Tubuli recti
Q2) Sperm are matured and stored in what structure?
A) Epididymidis
B) Prostate
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Testis
E) Vas deferens
Q3) What structure contributes a lubricating mucus substance to semen?
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Epididymidis
C) Prostate
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which ovarian follicle has a simple cuboidal epithelium?
A) Mature follicle
B) Primary follicle
C) Primordial follicle
D) Secondary follicle
E) Both B and D have simple cuboidal epithelia
Q2) The thick fibromuscular layer of the uterus is the
A) Cervix
B) Cortex
C) Endometrium
D) Myometrium
E) Tunica albuginea
Q3) Oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells are found in the A) Corona radiata
B) Corpus luteum
C) Cumulus oophorus
D) Theca folliculus
E) Zona pellucida
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the spermatozoa contains digestive enzymes that aid in fertilization?
A) Acrosome
B) Basal plate
C) End piece
D) Neck
E) Tail
Q2) Rapid cell division without organismal growth is called
A) Cleavage
B) Implantation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
E) Oogenesis
Q3) What cells are found between the basement membrane and the epithelium of the lactiferous ducts?
A) Columnar cells
B) Cuboidal cells
C) Fat cells
D) Myoepithelial cells
E) Secretory cells
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