Healthcare Sciences
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Healthcare Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses the study of the principles, practices, and research underlying the delivery of healthcare services. This course provides students with an understanding of human biology, health systems, disease prevention, clinical care, and health policy. Emphasizing evidence-based practice, technological innovation, and patient-centered care, Healthcare Sciences equips learners with the foundational knowledge necessary to pursue careers in medicine, nursing, allied health professions, public health, and healthcare management. The course also explores ethical, legal, and social issues in healthcare, preparing students to address contemporary challenges in diverse healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professions An Interactive Journey 2nd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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19 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology: Learning the Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spoon-shaped finger nail beds may indicate a(n) ________ deficiency in the body.
Answer: Iron
Q2) The word ________ is constructed using the definition "one who studies cells."
Answer: Cytologist
Q3) Taking an MRI of the knee is considered gross anatomy because it is ________.
A)Difficult
B)Visually unpleasant
C)Has 144 steps
D)Is large scale
Answer: D
Q4) If a patient has had a "nose job" you would say in medical terms that they had a(n) ________, which means surgical repair of the nose.
Answer: Rhinoplasty
Q5) Discuss positive and negative feedback loops.
Answer: Positive feedback loops enhance any change, and negative feedback loops return the body to normal set points.
Q6) Changes in objective measurable values such as temperature (________) and subjective patient perceptions (symptoms) can indicate disease is present.
Answer: Signs
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Chapter 2: The Human Body: Reading the Map
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ refers to body parts located away from the midline.
Answer: Lateral
Q2) Digital means fingers and toes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The opposite of deep is ______________.
Answer: Superficial
Q4) The pubic area is used for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Cranial means superior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q6) Digital oxygen sensors would be placed on a(n) __________.
Answer: Finger
Q7) The ______________region of the arm is usually where blood pressures are taken.
Answer: Brachial
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Chapter 3: Biochemistry: the Basic Ingredients of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fluid in your body is mainly _________________. Answer: Water
Q2) The building blocks of proteins are ________.
A)Nucleic acids
B)Amino acids
C)Oleic acids
D)Lewis acids Answer: B
Q3) A solution with pH 8 is basic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Enzymes can be inhibited.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q5) Dehydration synthesis can happen easily at room temperature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: The Cells: the Raw Materials and Building Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the body performs cellular respiration, food is changed into a form of energy called ________.
A)RNA
B)ADP
C)DNA
D)ATP
Q2) The molecule made by mitochondria that provides the power to the cell is ________.
A)ATP
B)RNA
C)ADP
D)DNA
Q3) ____________ act as power plants in the cell.
Q4) The ability of a substance to pull water towards an area of higher concentration of the solute is filtration.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Some bacteria are not pathogenic.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Tissues and Systems: the Inside Story
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Sample Questions
Q1) This type of tissue provides rapid communication between various parts of the body
A)Epithelial
B)Connective
C)Muscle
D)Nervous
Q2) The ________ layer, which also produces serous fluids, wraps around the individual organs.
Q3) This type of tissue specializes in movement of the body ________.
A)Epithelial
B)Connective
C)Muscle
D)Nervous
Q4) The esophagus is in the gastrointestinal system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Muscle tissue that is striated is called skeletal or ____________.
Q6) Any avascular tissue with no extracellular matrix and an obvious top surface is __________________ tissue.
Q7) The ____________ system acts as a storm drain and protects the body.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: the Framework
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual in an accident who has a bone that is severely twisted may receive a(n)________ fracture.
Q2) When joints become inflamed, it is called ________, .
Q3) Ensuring that young children had a sufficient amount of vitamin D would prevent ________.
A)Rickets
B)Osteomalacia
C)Osteoporosis
D)Paget's disease
Q4) ________ is a chronic, systemic disease that is believed to be an autoimmune condition affecting the connective tissue of the body.
Q5) This membrane lines the spongy bone ________.
A)Epiphyses
B)Periosteum
C)Diaphysis
D)Endosteum
Q6) ________ joints are found in your knees and elbows.
Q7) The larger version of a tubercle located only on the femur is the ____________.
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System: Movement for the Journey
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Sample Questions
Q1) The end of the muscle that is attached to the moving bone is the ____________.
Q2) Skeletal muscle produces body movement as well as maintains our ____________ as we sit.
A)Strength
B)Vasodilation
C)Vasoconstriction
D)Posture
Q3) Explain why corpses become stiff.
Q4) When excess calcium remains in the muscles throughout the body and causes the muscle fibers to shorten (contract) and stiffen the whole body, ________ has set in.
Q5) Hypertrophy is muscle wasting.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the structure of a sarcomere.
Q7) Sprains are tears or breaks in ligaments.
A)True
B)False
Q8) ____________ means muscle pain or tenderness.
Q9) ____________ describes increasing the angle of a joint.
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Chapter 8: The Integumentary System: the Protective
Covering
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Sample Questions
Q1) When blood vessels get smaller in diameter it is known as ________.
Q2) Hair is composed of fibrous protein called ________.
Q3) Two factors when assessing burns are ____________ and area damaged.
Q4) ________ are found on the sole of the foot and tend to grow inward exhibiting a smooth surface.
A)Plantar warts
B)Common warts
C)Genital warts
D)None of the above
Q5) This skin infection is caused by a papilloma virus.
A)Tinea
B)Impetigo
C)Warts
D)Boils
Q6) Keratinization softens cells.
A)True
B)False
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Q7) Describe how transdermal medication works.
Q8) Herpes is a lifelong virus that produces skin inflammation (lesions) in the form of
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Chapter 9: The Nervous System Part I: the Information
Super Highway
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients who have an injury to their cervical spinal cord segment and are paralyzed in all four limbs are known as ________.
A)Paraplegics
B)Quadriplegics
C)Suffering from Guillain Barré syndrome
D)None of the above
Q2) Neurons are able to generate tiny electrical currents by changing the ____________ of their membranes.
A)Composition
B)Shape
C)Pathway
D)Permeability
Q3) Dendrites ________.
A)Are usually highly branched
B)Carry impulses away from the cell body
C)Are usually surrounded by myelin
D)All of the above
Q4) ________ is caused by destruction of ventral horn motor neurons by poliomyelitis virus.
Q5) Explain how multiple sclerosis affects the body.
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System Part Ii: the Traffic Control
Center
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Sample Questions
Q1) To what sense does somatic sensation refer?
A)Taste
B)Touch
C)Smell
D)Vision
Q2) A subdural hematoma would be between the ________.
A)Arachnoid mater and subarachnoid
B)Dura mater and the arachnoid mater
C)Dura and vertebral column
D)Arachnoid and pia mater
Q3) List the twelve cranial nerves.
Q4) The ________ nerve is sensory cranial nerve, responsible for hearing and balance.
Q5) A non-progressive movement disorder exhibiting classic spastic paralysis
A)muscular dystrophy
B)Huntington's disease
C)cerebral palsy
D)CVA Short
Q6) The ____________ lobes are responsible for conscious thought.
Page 13
Q7) The _______ is divided into two hemispheres.
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Chapter 11: The Senses: the Sights and Sounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lazy eye is also known as ________.
A)Hyperopia
B)Myopia
C)Presbyopia
D)Amblyopia
Q2) Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the ________ ear and is usually caused by infections and can cause vertigo.
Q3) The signal is carried from the ear to the brain by the optic nerve.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________ is frequently associated with an upper respiratory infection such as the common cold.
Q5) The ________ begins in the inner ear and carries the amplified vibrations from the tympanic ossicles.
Q6) The vitreous humor is watery.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Pain is felt for as long as the stimulus is there that is c.ausing it or unless a person is under ________.
Q8) The ____________ is the colored part of the eye.
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is the use of injected steroids so dangerous?
Q2) What is the name of the condition in which the body is not producing adequate amounts of insulin?
A)Diabetes mellitus
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Dwarfism
D)Hyperthyroidism
Q3) Ovaries secrete estrogen.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If any of the body's dozens of homeostatic values become seriously disrupted, the control systems work to bring them back to set point.This process is called ________.
Q5) Insufficient secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland is called ________.
A)Hyperpituitarism
B)Hypoparathyroidism
C)Hyperparathyroidism
D)Hypopituitarism
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Q6) The adrenal cortex makes dozens of steroid hormones known collectively as
Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Transport and Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss why an O negative mother should be concerned about her second pregnancy.
Q2) ________ is an inherited condition in which red blood cells and hemoglobin molecules do not form properly.
A)Sickle cell anemia
B)Leukemia
C)Leukocytosis
D)Anemia
Q3) ________ defend against parasites.
Q4) The innermost layer of the blood vessel is the tunica interna.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Coronary artery disease or CAD is an insufficient blood flow to the heart tissue.It is usually due to ________ but may be due to clot(s) in a coronary artery.
Q6) What clotting protein, produced by the liver, begins the clotting process?
A)Thrombin
B)Prothrombin
C)Fibrin
D)Fibrinogen
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Q7) In an EKG, the __________________ wave corresponds to atrial depolarization.
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System: Its a Gas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the ____________.
Q2) List the changes in the layers of the wall of the respiratory system from conducting zone to respiratory zone.
Q3) The thoracic cage consists of twelve pairs of elastic arches of bone called ribs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Olfaction is the sense of ________.
Q5) The alveoli consists of _____________ cells.
Q6) The hormone erythropoietin is released in the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?
A)Trachea
B)Larynx
C)Pharynx
D)Nose
Q8) Inspired objects usually lodge in the left lung.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Your Defense Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the synovial membrane of a patient's joints.
Q2) ________ arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the synovial membrane of patient's joints.
Q3) Inflammation that becomes systemic and is caused by allergic reactions to insect stings, nuts, or shellfish is called ________.
Q4) Any organism that invades your body and causes disease is a(n) ____________.
Q5) Lymph capillaries empty into lymphatic ____________.
Q6) Which of the following is not one of the immune system's components?
A)Barrier
B)NSAID
C)Inflammation
D)Chemical
Q7) The first leukocytes to arrive at the site of damage are the
A)Neutrophils
B)Basophils
C)Mast cells
D)Dendrite cells
Q8) The ____________ is a lymphatic organ that destroys red blood cells. Page 19
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Chapter 16: The Gastrointestinal System: Fuel for the Trip
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Sample Questions
Q1) The oral cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Salivary amylase digests proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ____________ is a flap of tissue that covers the airway to the lungs.
Q4) Heartburn occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter doesn't close properly, allowing gastric juices back into the ________.
Q5) Cholelithiasis means high cholesterol.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Most of the interior of the tooth is made of this substance.
A)Cementum
B)Enamel
C)Dentin
D)Gingiva
Q7) Cirrhosis A, B, C, D, and E are viruses that damage the liver.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how filtration is regulated.
Q2) ____________ is the mechanism used to protect the glomerulus from minor changes in blood pressure.
A)Filtration
B)Saturation
C)Autoregulation
D)Selection
Q3) ________ is scarring of the glomerulus.
Q4) Sympathetic output causes _________________ glomerular filtration.
Q5) The process by which urine is passed out of the body is called ________.
A)Urination
B)Voiding
C)Mastication
D)Both a & b
Q6) What are the vessels that lead to the glomeruli?
A)Arcuate arteries
B)Afferent arterioles
C)Efferent arterioles
D)Renal arterioles
Q7) ____________ means to crush stones.
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System: Replacement and Repair
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ are posterior to the bladder in males.
Q2) The implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus is called _______________.
Q3) ________ is painful menstruation.
Q4) Benign prostatic hyperplasia or________ is the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate and is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men.
Q5) The part of the uterus that lies above the point where the uterine tubes attach is called the ________.
A)Body
B)Cervix
C)Fundus
D)Myometrium
Q6) ________ pregnancy is also known as a tubal pregnancy.
Q7) ________ is an inflammation of the vagina caused by infection, irritation, or menopause.
Q8) Prostate cancer is the most common cancer (of non-skin cancers) affecting ________ in this country.
Q9) In animals, females produce eggs and males produce ____________. Page 23
Reproductive organs are called ____________.
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Chapter 19: The Journeys End: Now What
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Q1) Smoking with alcohol consumption leads to a(n) ________ in stomach and mouth cancers.
Q2) Which of the following is a barrier to proper nutrition?
A)Tooth loss
B)Difficulty swallowing
C)Decreased saliva
D)All of the above
Q3) A decrease in the function of the ____________ can lead to accumulation of medication in the geriatric patient.
A)Kidneys
B)Heart
C)Lungs
D)Vessels
Q4) Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common occupational condition that is related to ________ movements.
Q5) There is a(n) ____________% decrease in the function of most body systems each year, beginning around the age of thirty (Use the numeral).
Q6) Discuss how vitamin deficiencies affect health.
Q7) Explain how DNA is used to solve crimes or identify remains.
Page 25
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