Healthcare Research and Evidence-Based Practice
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Healthcare Research and Evidence-Based Practice explores the foundational principles and methodologies used in conducting research within the healthcare field. The course emphasizes the critical appraisal and application of scientific evidence to inform clinical decisions, improve patient outcomes, and guide healthcare policy. Students gain proficiency in research design, data analysis, and interpretation of research findings, while developing skills to integrate current best evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. Through practical assignments and case studies, students learn to evaluate and implement evidence-based interventions, fostering a culture of inquiry and continuous improvement in diverse healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 7th Edition by Susan K. Grove
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14 Chapters
575 Verified Questions
575 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Its
Importance in Building an Evidence-Based Practice
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33 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of evaluation of research yields the most precise estimates of treatment effects when describing results?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-synthesis
C) Mixed-methods systematic review
D) Systematic review
Answer: A
Q2) Knowledge is acquired in nursing in a variety of ways.Which of the following describes when one person credits another as the source of information?
A) Borrowing
B) Authority
C) Traditions
D) Personal experience
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) To understand what is known and not known about a particular problem and provides a rationale for why the study needs to be conducted,the nurse would review which section of the research report?
A) Introduction
B) Methods
C) Results
D) Discussion
Answer: A
Q2) A researcher conducts a review of relevant literature prior to developing a research study to
A) avoid duplication of research ideas.
B) determine which theoretical framework is best adapted to the research problem.
C) determine which type of study would be most cost-effective.
D) identify what is known and unknown about a problem.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are subjects selected for qualitative research studies?
A) As volunteers through advertising for subjects
B) Based on knowledge or experience
C) By random sampling methods
D) Through convenience sampling
Answer: B
Q2) When appraising a study in which data was collected by interview,the reviewer will assess for
A) adequate length of time for each interview.
B) evidence that prompts were not used to encourage responses.
C) use of clinical setting for conducting interviews.
D) utilization of payment for participation of subjects.
Answer: A
Q3) A researcher uses at least two different perspectives to converge into a unique perspective on the topic.This is an example of A) perspective.
B) triangulation.
C) reliability.
D) validity.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which patient information requires de-identifying to maintain privacy? Select all that apply.
A) E-mail addresses
B) Full-face photographs
C) State of residence
D) Medical record numbers
Q2) A researcher gives healthy adult subjects a handout explaining the nature of a study and then obtains written consent from those who choose to participate.Which statement is true about this process?
A) Subjects have given informed consent for participation in the study.
B) Subjects have not given voluntary consent for participation in the study.
C) The researcher has failed to determine comprehension of the study by participants.
D) The researcher has not disclosed information about the study to the participants.
Q3) Which ethical principle protects human subjects from harm?
A) Beneficence
B) Ethics
C) Justice
D) Respect for persons
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Chapter 5: Examining Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hypothesis "A person's mental status is not affected by a relocation to a nursing home" is
A) null.
B) directional.
C) nondirectional.
D) not correctly worded.
Q2) A reviewer assesses a potential researcher's credentials and experience,the availability of funding and resources,and ethical considerations of a potential study.This represents evaluation of a study's
A) expertise.
B) feasibility.
C) purpose.
D) significance.
Q3) Which is true about a research hypothesis?
A) It defines the various research variables and describes how they will be measured.
B) It explains the relationship of the research purpose to theory development.
C) It includes the research problem,purpose,and research questions.
D) It links the research problem statement to the study design and data analysis.
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Sample Questions
Q1) When conducting a literature review for a thesis or dissertation and deciding how far back in the available literature to search,what will the student do?
A) Ask the instructor to specify necessary publication years for articles cited.
B) Base the decision on the number of articles necessary for the assigned task.
C) Locate any seminal or landmark studies on the topic of research.
D) Look for sources no older than 10 years prior.
Q2) An initial step when preparing to conduct a literature review is to
A) choose the types of sources to use.
B) clarify the purpose of the review.
C) determine how many articles to review.
D) select electronic databases and keywords.
Q3) The concluding sentence of each paragraph in a literature review
A) describes relevant studies that support the theme of the paragraph.
B) identifies the main themes of the paragraph.
C) provides evidence to support the topic of the paragraph.
D) transitions to the ideas expressed in the following paragraph.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease prevention.The nurse identifies various health promotion activities-such as proper diet,exercise,and hours of sleep per night-as components of self-care.In this example,"effects of self-care on disease prevention" is a A) concept.
B) construct.
C) theory.
D) variable.
Q2) Which statement is true about the hypothesis in a research study?
A) It clearly identifies concepts.
B) It is written at a higher level of abstraction than a general proposition.
C) It is not testable.
D) It makes a statement about specific relationships among variables.
Q3) The level of theory derived from the analysis of data is
A) grounded theory.
B) grand theory.
C) mid-range theory.
D) practice theory.
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a quasi-experimental study design,the group that receives standard care is usually referred to as the A) comparison group.
B) control group.
C) experimental group.
D) treatment group.
Q2) A researcher conducts a quasi-experimental study to determine whether there is improved weight gain among premature infants who are fed according to cue-based protocols.The researcher trained neonatal intensive care nurses to apply cue-based feeding to orally fed infants and notes a statistical difference in weight gain between infants fed according to cue-based protocols and those fed according to standard protocols.The reviewer notes that components of cue-based feedings are not clearly identified.This is a threat to A) construct validity.
B) external validity.
C) internal validity.
D) statistical conclusion validity.
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher wishes to study the effects of a nursing intervention on children with cancer and obtains a sample of school-age children hospitalized for cancer treatment in a local hospital.This sample represents the
A) accessible population.
B) general population.
C) target population.
D) theoretical population.
Q2) Which setting is the most highly controlled setting?
A) A nursing home unit
B) A research sleep lab
C) A school-based clinic
D) An intensive care unit
Q3) Which type of research study tends to require a larger sample size than the others?
A) Case study
B) Descriptive study
C) Experimental study
D) Quasi-experimental study
Q4) The individual units of the population and sample are called
11
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher notes a reliability score of 0.75 between two observers in a clinical drug trial evaluating whether the drug decreases anxiety.This score means that
A) there is 25% random error.
B) there is 75% random error.
C) this is an acceptable measure of reliability.
D) this measurement tool is not reliable.
Q2) Which can be measured using direct measurement?
A) Anxiety level
B) Blood pressure
C) Diagnosis
D) Feelings
Q3) Which statement is true about using a questionnaire to collect data?
A) Questions are presented consistently with less chance for bias than with an interview.
B) Questionnaires are generally more expensive than interviewing techniques.
C) Subjects usually give more in-depth answers when responding to questionnaires.
D) The response rate is generally higher than when using interviews to collect data.
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12
Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher evaluates the internal consistency (reliability)a newly developed scale used in a pilot study and notes a Cronbach alpha coefficient of space 0.72.The researcher will
A) compare the measure with scores from another group of subjects.
B) test the scale for validity prior to using it in another study.
C) try another measure with better reliability in another pilot study.
D) use the scale in the larger study and continue to monitor coefficient results.
Q2) Which is true about a sample that is heterogeneous?
A) It has a wide variation in scores.
B) Scores will be clustered around the mean.
C) The measure of range will be small.
D) The standard deviation cannot be calculated.
Q3) A researcher calculates a Pearson product-moment coefficient of 0.2.The reviewer understands that this value represents
A) a moderate positive correlation.
B) a moderate negative correlation.
C) a weak positive correlation.
D) a weak negative correlation.
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Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the goal of an intellectual critical appraisal of a research study?
A) To determine whether a study should be replicated
B) To identify strengths and weaknesses in a study
C) To determine whether a study should be implemented into practice
D) To weed out and discard studies that are flawed
Q2) When critically appraising a research study,the reviewer will expect to find
A) identification of new research problems.
B) implementation of a perfect research design.
C) precise understanding of the real world.
D) tools to control outcomes in nursing practice.
Q3) Which is true about the evaluation of study variables in a critical appraisal of a research study?
A) It is not necessary to identify whether the measures are nominal,ordinal,ratio,or interval.
B) The reviewer will be concerned only with the reliability of measures in the current study.
C) The reviewer will identify the names and authors of the measurement strategies.
D) The reviewer will make sure research variables are defined conceptually but not operationally.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice,the nurse researcher develops a team to gather and appraise evidence.Which step of the model is this?
A) Step 1
B) Step 2
C) Step 3
D) Step 4
Q2) In a meta-analysis,the researcher displays a symmetrical funnel plot of the data from a group of studies.This indicates
A) heterogenicity of study samples.
B) limited publication bias.
C) methodological bias.
D) reporting bias.
Q3) When using the Stetler Model of Research Utilization,the nurse researcher critically appraises the research reports to determine their soundness.Which part of the model is this?
A) Phase II: Validation
B) Phase III: Comparative Evaluation
C) Phase IV: Translation/Application
D) Phase V: Evaluation
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Introduction to Additional Research
Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes
Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher wishes to widely disseminate findings of outcomes research to influence practice in a variety of settings.Which methods might this researcher use?
A) A series of presentations and publications in professional and public forums
B) An oral presentation at an international conference
C) Publication in scholarly,peer-reviewed journals
D) Writing about this research in a chapter of a nursing textbook
Q2) A researcher identifies a group of Native American subjects who are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and follows this group over time to observe actual rates of acquiring this disease.This is an example of a
A) clinical database.
B) prospective cohort study.
C) qualitative study.
D) quasi-experimental study.
Q3) Which organization includes nursing-sensitive outcomes measures in its performance measurement portfolio?
A) Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality
B) Department of Health and Human Services
C) National Guideline Clearinghouse
D) National Quality Forum
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