Healthcare Ethics
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Healthcare Ethics explores the fundamental moral principles, dilemmas, and frameworks that guide decision-making in medical and healthcare environments. This course examines topics such as patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, end-of-life care, resource allocation, and the ethical responsibilities of healthcare professionals. Through analysis of real-world case studies and current controversies, students develop critical thinking skills and learn to navigate complex ethical challenges in diverse healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing 4th Edition by Margaret A. Burkhardt
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20 Chapters
313 Verified Questions
313 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces
Influencing the Development of Nursing
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professions exist to meet the:
A) needs of employers.
B) needs of individuals.
C) needs of society.
D) needs of families.
Answer: C
Q2) During the Middle Ages:
A) religions and church-sanctioned secular nursing orders afforded the only legitimate avenue for women who wished to become nurses.
B) there was an upsurge in the respect afforded to nursing and midwifery, and nurses began to practice autonomously.
C) healing arts in Denmark and Greece were performed in sacred ceremonies by priests, priestesses, or shamans.
D) most nurses were women of high social status.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Ethical Theory
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Kantian maxim requiring that no action be judged as right, which cannot reasonably become a law by which every person should always abide, is known as:
A) the categorical imperative.
B) the practical imperative.
C) deontology.
D) utilitarianism.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements accurately describes ethics? Select all that apply.
A) Ethics is concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection about society's norms and practices.
B) Ethics furnishes us with the practical application of moral philosophy.
C) Ethics offers structured guidelines that tell us what we ought to do.
D) The study of ethics gives us a groundwork for making logical and consistent decisions.
E) Professional codes of ethics are tools that offer a formal process for applying moral philosophy.
Answer: A, B, D, E
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Chapter 3: Ethical Principles
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three gravely ill patients are candidates for the only vacant bed in the intensive care unit. The health care team decides to assign the bed to the patient with the best chance of recovery. Although many principles apply, the decision-making process in this case illustrates the application of which of the following ethical principles?
A) Respect for persons
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Autonomy
Answer: B
Q2) A nurse sees a patient quietly crying in her room. The nurse enters the room, sits in the chair facing the patient, and says, "Something seems to be troubling you." This exchange is an example of the practical application of which of the following ethical principles?
A) Beneficence
B) Autonomy
C) Veracity
D) Nonmaleficence
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Values Clarification
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Values are shaped by which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Culture
B) Ethnicity
C) Professional experiences
D) Self-awareness
E) Education
F) None of the above
Q2) The aim of values clarification is to facilitate the process of:
A) instilling personal values.
B) teaching personal values.
C) reacting to personal values.
D) choosing personal values.
Q3) Axiology is a branch of philosophy that studies:
A) ethics.
B) mathematics.
C) awareness.
D) values.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Values Development
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The discussions of moral development found in current literature flow primarily from the frameworks developed by:
A) Kohlberg and Gilligan.
B) Piaget and Fowler.
C) Gilligan and Piaget.
D) Kohlberg and Fowler.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true regarding Gilligan's study of the psychosocial development of women? Select all that apply.
A) Progression through each of the three stages reflects greater depth in understanding the relationship of self and others.
B) Phase 3 focuses on the concern for survival.
C) Gilligan suggests a linear progression moving from one phase to the next.
D) Phase 2, focusing on good, includes a sense of goodness as self-sacrifice.
E) Gilligan's model is considered an ethic of care.
Q3) In Fowler's Stage of Faith Development, Stage 6 is called:
A) Individuative-Reflective faith.
B) Universalizing faith.
C) Intuitive-Projective faith.
D) Synthetic-Conventional faith.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Ethics and Professional Nursing
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professions have many distinguishing attributes that have been proposed over the years, including (select all that apply):
A) expertise.
B) absence of systematic theory.
C) a scope of practice.
D) low income.
E) licensure.
F) ethical codes.
Q2) Standards of nursing practice are developed within the profession to describe practice and establish the minimum level of safe practice. The purpose of standards of nursing practice can include:
A) helping to ensure that nurses are competent and safe to practice.
B) serving as a guide for nurses providing care.
C) determining whether the actions of nurses accused of malpractice are consistent with reasonable expectations.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 7: Ethical Decision Making
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) George, an ICU nurse, worked with the team as they followed the physician's order to discontinue life support on a patient diagnosed with persistent vegetative state. George believes that life is sacred and that he has a duty to do whatever it takes to preserve life. Nevertheless, he remained silent as the decision was made, and he assisted his coworkers when they unplugged the respirator. George is likely to experience which of the following?
A) Moral uncertainty
B) Moral distress
C) Moral outrage
D) Moral perplexity
Q2) A registered nurse witnesses another nurse violating a patient's autonomy. Even though she did not participate in the action, the nurse who witnessed the act experiences powerlessness, frustration, and anger. This reaction describes which of the following?
A) Moral distress
B) Moral uncertainty
C) Moral outrage
D) Moral dilemma
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Chapter 8: Legal Issues
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Disturbing the peace, solicitation, assault, and battery are examples of:
A) misdemeanors.
B) felonies.
C) precedents.
D) rioting.
Q2) Formal laws written and enacted by federal, state, or local legislatures are known as:
A) statutory/legislative law.
B) constitutional law.
C) administrative law.
D) common law.
Q3) Law that generally involves relationships between individuals, rather than between the state and individuals, is:
A) public law.
B) contract law.
C) tort law.
D) civil law.
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Chapter 9: Professional Relationship Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21810
Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual harassment is defined as:
A) unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal, nonverbal, or physical conduct of a sexual nature.
B) multiple episodes of inappropriate sexual behavior in the workplace.
C) intermittent and continual threats of a sexual nature.
D) sexual advances, whether welcome or unwelcome, sexual contact, and oral and written communication of a sexual nature.
Q2) A staff nurse suspects that her friend, another nurse on her unit, is impaired by illicit drugs. The nurse doesn't want to get her friend in trouble, but she fears that patients may be harmed. This conflict of loyalty is an example of:
A) a moral dilemma.
B) a practical dilemma.
C) moral uncertainty.
D) moral distress.
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11
Chapter 10: Practice Issues Related to Technology
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can be both a benefit and challenge of technological advances in health care?
A) Supports healthy living
B) Availability and cost
C) Can prolong living
D) Alleviates suffering
Q2) Appropriate utilization of health care technology requires that health care providers, patients, and families understand its:
A) purpose, benefits, limitations.
B) cost, availability, usefulness.
C) outcomes, benefits, cost.
D) risks, availability, purpose.
Q3) Ethical and legal obligation to protect the confidentiality of patient information directs nurses to do which of the following regarding electronic storing and transfer of personal health information?
A) Avoid using fax machines to transfer personal health information.
B) Share personal secure passwords with immediate co-workers only.
C) Rely on HIPAA regulations to assure the security of electronic devices.
D) Use password-protected screen savers and data encryption technology.
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Chapter 11: Practice Issues Related to Patient Self
Determination
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following elements must be present when evaluating a patient's decision-making capacity? Select all that apply.
A) The ability to understand the information provided
B) The ability to communicate understanding
C) The ability to indicate personal choices and decisions
D) The ability to understand medical terminology
E) The ability to demonstrate values guiding the decision
Q2) Factors that may threaten autonomy in health care settings may include which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Persistent paternalistic attitude that promotes the dependent role of the patient.
B) Assumptions that a patient's values and thought processes are the same as those of the health care providers.
C) A focus on caring rather than technology.
D) Failure to appreciate a difference in knowledge level regarding health matters.
E) Patients and families who feel confident enough to share their choices with health care providers.
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13
Chapter 12: Scholarship Issues
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Issues affecting academic integrity include:
A) plagiarism and cheating.
B) cheating and editing.
C) editing and forgery.
D) forgery and consulting.
Q2) Beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice imply protection from what?
Select all that apply.
A) Physical harm
B) Emotional harm
C) Spiritual harm
D) Economic harm
E) Social harm
F) None of the above
Q3) The process of obtaining consent from children ages 7 to 18 years old is called:
A) full disclosure.
B) assent.
C) right to treatment.
D) trustworthiness.
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14
Chapter 13: Global Consciousness in the Twenty First Century
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21814
Sample Questions
Q1) Nursing care of victims beyond the emergency response to a disaster and health care of displaced persons are similar in which of the following ways?
A) The need to address emotional and mental health
B) The need for sanitation and communicable disease control
C) The majority of those needing care are women and children
D) a and b
E) b and c
Q2) A nurse who practices environmentally responsible health care would do all of the following except:
A) assure proper disposal of toxic wastes at the hospital.
B) dispose of outdated medications by flushing down the toilet.
C) engage in recycling and river cleanup in the community.
D) phone or write legislators regarding mercury levels in fish.
Q3) Which of the following is an assumption of the Western worldview that contributes to lack of consideration of Earth ethics?
A) Understanding that humans are intricately connected with the natural world
B) Appreciating that all species have core value and an intrinsic right to exist
C) Recognizing that human health is dependent on the health of the Earth
D) Believing that humans have a right to do anything they want with nature
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Chapter 14: Health Policy Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding allocative policies are true? Select all that apply.
A) Allocative policies are an area in which we see distributive justice in practice.
B) Allocative policies are essentially economic in nature.
C) Allocative policies determine what programs are funded.
D) Medicare and Medicaid are the most well-known allocative health policies.
E) Allocative policies are those designed to direct the actions, behaviors, and decisions of individuals or groups.
Q2) Nurses function in a variety of roles, and responsible political involvement is an important function of each of these roles. These roles can include:
A) knowledgeable consumers of health care.
B) citizens.
C) professionals whose practice is regulated by the government.
D) advocates for patients.
E) all of the above
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Chapter 15: Economic Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) John Rawles suggested that in making decisions of distributive justice, one should examine the situation behind a "veil of ignorance" so that no one would be able to design principles to favor his or her particular condition. This idea supports which of the following economic theories for which Rawles was a proponent?
A) Utilitarianism
B) Communitarianism
C) Egalitarianism
D) Libertarianism
Q2) Three patients arrive at the free clinic in need of the same medication, but there is only enough in stock for one person. The nurse in charge of the clinic asks herself, "Who needs this medicine most?" This question suggests which of the following?
A) The nurse is utilizing a material rule of distributive justice to make her decision.
B) Decisions about how to distribute scarce medications are capricious.
C) The nurse should collaborate with the clinic physician when she makes this type of decision.
D) There are no rules regulating distribution of scarce medications in this facility.
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17
Chapter 16: Social Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Higher incidence of conditions associated with poor nutrition, trauma, drugs, burns, mental illness, and HIV are being seen in which population?
A) Children living in poverty
B) Adults living in poverty
C) Elderly living in poverty
D) Abused women living in poverty
Q2) Nursing responsibilities related to victims of human trafficking may include:
A) recognizing signs of this form of violence.
B) providing appropriate interventions and support.
C) working toward prevention of this form of violence
D) all of the above.
E) a and b only.
Q3) The acquisition, harboring, and trade of persons through force, threat, deception, or other forms of coercion with the aim of exploiting them is called:
A) racism.
B) human trafficking.
C) domestic violence.
D) poverty.
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18
Chapter 17: Gender Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The statement that nurses are well-bred, well-educated specimens of womanhood is an example of which of the following?
A) Sexism
B) Paternalism
C) Nursism
D) Parentalism
Q2) Which of the following statements are correct regarding men in nursing? Select all that apply.
A) Men make up a growing percentage of registered nurses.
B) Men in nursing are more likely to obtain a lower initial nursing degree than women.
C) A greater proportion of male nurses work in the hospital.
D) Male nurses are higher in number in the higher paying jobs such as nurse anesthetists.
E) Men in nursing are more likely to obtain a higher final nursing degree.
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Chapter 18: Transcultural and Spiritual Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21819
Sample Questions
Q1) Self-awareness of one's own spiritual and cultural perspective is important so that nurses:
A) take care not to impose personal beliefs and values on patients.
B) can more consciously address culture and spirituality with patients.
C) are more aware of differences that may cause potential dilemmas.
D) All of the above.
Q2) Complementary therapies include a wide variety of modalities including which of the following?
A) Relaxation techniques
B) Herbal treatments
C) Prayer
D) All of the above
E) a and c only
Q3) Beliefs and practices that are the expressive aspects of religion are referred to as: A) spirituality.
B) religiosity.
C) culture.
D) values.
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Chapter 19: Empowerment for Nurses
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15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Power over implies all of the following except:
A) controlling knowledge and people.
B) sharing responsibility with others.
C) protecting limited resources.
D) separating leaders and followers.
Q2) Current nursing codes direct nurses to be responsible primarily to the patient and advocates for patient rights and needs. This ethical imperative reflects which of these metaphors of nursing?
A) Legal
B) Military
C) Angel
D) Loyalty
Q3) Factors in our internal and external environments affect both personal and professional decision making. External environment factors include which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Ideals
B) Mind-set
C) Expectations of patients
D) Professional systems we interact with
E) Personal beliefs
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Chapter 20: Facilitating Patient Enpowerment
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15 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals who believe that they are able to influence or control things that happen to them are considered to have a/an:
A) negative locus of control.
B) external locus of control.
C) internal locus of control.
D) positive locus of control.
Q2) Nurses can foster empowerment in patients in various ways that may include which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Being a role model of self-empowerment
B) Giving patients opportunities to make choices
C) Providing support to patients
D) Helping patients discover how to access resources
E) Not becoming politically active regarding health care issues that involve vulnerable populations
Q3) Which of the following are potential barriers to empowerment?
A) Comfort with change
B) Sufficient knowledge
C) Limited skills
D) Available resources
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