Health Services Research Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Health Services Research is an interdisciplinary course that examines the organization, delivery, and outcomes of healthcare services in order to improve the quality, efficiency, and accessibility of care. Students explore key concepts such as healthcare policy, system performance, health disparities, and patient-centered care. The course integrates quantitative and qualitative research methods for evaluating health interventions, analyzing healthcare costs, and understanding the impact of health services on population health. Emphasis is placed on critical appraisal of scientific literature, ethical considerations, and translating research findings into practice and policy recommendations.
Recommended Textbook
Health Economics and Policy 5th Edition by
James W. Henderson
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14 Chapters
193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3136
Page 2
Chapter 1: Usmedical Care: A System in Transition
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62114
Sample Questions
Q1) According to recent public opinion polls, what percentage of Americans are satisfied with the quality of the medical care they receive?
A)15 percent.
B)40 percent.
C)65 percent.
D)75 percent.
E)90 percent.
Answer: D
Q2) Economists use the term "marginal" to describe costs and benefits
A)that are minimal and hardly worth noting.
B)that are incremental and thus relevant to decision making.
C)that are noteworthy but not the most important.
D)whose importance can be minimized through hard work.
E)none of the above.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Using E Conomics to Study Health Care Issues
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A physician's office expenses increase 10 percent, so she decides to raise the price of office visits.Assuming the demand curve for office visits does not shift, what will happen to the total number of office visits and practice revenues?
A)Office visits and total revenue stay the same if demand is elastic.
B)Office visits and total revenue rise if demand is inelastic.
C)Office visits and total revenue fall if demand is inelastic.
D)Office visits will fall and total revenue will rise if demand is inelastic.
E)Office visits will rise and total revenue will fall if demand is elastic.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following will not change the demand for office visits to the physician?
A)unusually cold and damp weather during the winter.
B)a change in the price of an office visit.
C)layoffs at the local plant causing a decrease in the number of people with health insurance in the community.
D)television advertising by drug manufacturers to promote a new over-the-counter influenza treatment.
E)they all change the demand for office visits.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Analyzing Medical Care Markets
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inoculation programs against certain diseases such as small pox, polio, and whooping cough create
A) public goods.
B) positive externalities in consumption.
C) nonrival goods.
D) nonexcludable goods.
E) external costs to society equal to the costs of the program.
Answer: B
Q2) Approximately what percentage of total health care spending goes toward physicians' services?
A)One-tenth.
B)One-fifth.
C)One-fourth.
D)One-third.
E)One-half.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Economic Evaluation in Health Care
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The direct costs in an economic evaluation include the all the following except A)hospitalization
B)medical devices
C)transportation to and from the physician's office
D)reduced productivity at work
E)All of the above
Q2) Suppose you are asked to use the standard time trade-off approach to measuring quality of life and are given the following information.An individual is faced with living the remaining 10 years of her life suffering from severe osteoporosis.She reveals that she would be willing to give up four of those years to live the remaining six in perfect health.What is the utility of one year in the chronic health state relative to perfect health?
A)4
B)6
C)0.4
D)0.6
E)There is not enough information to determine the utility of life in this case
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6
Chapter 5: The De Mand for Health and Medical Care
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Health care that actually harms the patient, such as an adverse reaction to a prescription drug is called
A)morbidity-related response.
B)defensive medicine.
C)adverse selection.
D)iatrogenic disease.
E)moral hazard.
Q2) Many economists consider medical care a superior good.Which of the following statements is true regarding a superior good?
A)Consumers want more of a superior good regardless of its price.
B)When the price of a superior good increases, consumers demand more of it.
C)As consumer income increases a larger percentage of that income is spent on superior goods.
D)A superior good has an income elasticity of demand greater than one.
E)Both c and d are true of superior goods.
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Chapter 6: The Market for Health Insurance
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Insurers try to minimize moral hazard by
A)only selling policies to individuals with high ethical standards.
B)requiring advance payments of premiums.
C)charging higher premiums to individuals than to groups.
D)charging deductibles and coinsurance.
E)refusing to sell insurance to individuals with chronic illnesses.
Q2) A major factor contributing to the growth in employee-based health insurance in the United States has been
A)greater than average economic growth leading to increased demand for labor.
B)the tax free treatment of health insurance as an employee benefit.
C)legislation requiring all firms to provide health insurance to all full-time workers.
D)the long standing tradition in the United States of providing a generous package of benefits to all workers.
Q3) Firms self-insure to
A)save money on premiums.
B)avoid state level insurance regulation.
C)create uniform benefit packages for employees who live in different states.
D)all of the above.
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Chapter 7: Managed Care
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Managed care
A)establishes a system of retrospective payment determined ex ante.
B)combines the responsibilities of payer and provider of medical services.
C)attempts to shift a portion of the financial risk onto providers.
D)attempts to shift a portion of the financial risk onto patients.
E)Both b and c are correct.
Q2) Network model HMOs use _______ to shift financial risk back onto providers.
A)capitation.
B)practice guidelines.
C)open panels.
D)closed panels.
E)formularies.
Q3) The health maintenance organization that contracts with individual physicians or group practices to provide care for a specified group of enrollees is called
A)a group-model HMO.
B)a staff-model HMO.
C)a network-model HMO.
D)an IPA.
E)a direct-contract HMO.
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Chapter 8: The Physicians Servic ES Market
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Empirical studies that suggest differences in utilization rates between fee-for-service and managed care plans
A)are unreliable due to statistical biases.
B)conclude that financial incentives are not the reason for differences in the amount of care physician provide.
C)show no differences in health status among patient groups.
D)are unable to differentiate between the impacts due to financial incentives and those due to clinical rules.
Q2) Physicians salaries increased substantially over the decade 1995-2005 from an average of $215,000 to $315,000.What is the best explanation for this?
A)Physicians were smarter in 2005 than in 1995.
B)The supply of physicians has increased.
C)The supply of physicians has decreased.
D)The demand for physicians has increased.
E)The demand for physicians has decreased.
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10
Chapter 9: The Hospital Services Market
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Economies of scale exist when
A)long-run average costs decline as output increases.
B)long-run average costs are constant.
C)long-run average costs increase as output increases.
D)short-run average costs decline.
E)short-run average costs increase.
Q2) Congressional studies report that Medicare payments fall 11 percent below the cost of treating patients while private insurance patients pay 29 percent more than cost.This phenomenon is called
A)price discrimination.
B)the Medigap.
C)cost-shifting.
D)cost-plus pricing.
E)revenue enhancing.
Q3) The dominant factor affecting medical care delivery and finance in the 1990s was
A)the Hill-Burton Act.
B)prospective payment for hospitals.
C)creation of Medicare and Medicaid.
D)the explosive growth of managed care.
E)ERISA.
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Chapter 10: The Market for Pharmaceuticals
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the new drugs introduced in the United States between 1940 and 1990, what percentage were discovered by U.S.firms?
A)15.
B)30.
C)45.
D)60.
E)75.
Q2) The regulatory agency with oversight responsibility for the pharmaceutical industry is the
A)IRS.
B)FDA.
C)SEC.
D)ITC.
E)ATT.
Q3) The best description of the technological imperative is as follows:
A)If the procedure is available, use it.
B)If the procedure is available, use it if it works.
C)If the procedure is available, use it no matter how much it costs.
D)If the procedure is available and used, use it even if the patient can not afford it.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Confounding Factors
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which group would argue against the contention that the U.S.liability system drives up health care costs by promoting unnecessary litigation and the practice of defensive medicine?
A)The American Medical Association
B)The Health Insurance Association of America
C)American Trial Lawyers' Association
D)The American Hospital Association
E)None of the above.They all likely feel the statement is true.
Q2) In 1995, _____ percent of the U.S.population was over the age of 65.By the year 2020, projections place that percentage at _____.
A)8, 16
B)10, 20
C)12, 16
D)15, 25
E)18, 30
Q3) The nature of health care delivery will be different in the future due to
A)a rising percentage of elders in the total population.
B)an increase in acute illnesses among the population.
C)longer lives resulting in a higher incidence of chronic illness.
D)both a and c
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Chapter 12: Policies That Enha Nce Access
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Possibly, the most serious flaw in the Medicare system is the fact that A)the deductible is too high for most elders to afford.
B)it provides no real protection against catastrophic losses resulting from unusually long hospital stays.
C)the definition of an episode of illness can lead to patients paying the deductible more than once during the calendar year.
D)coverage for outpatient drugs is poor.
E)elders are required to pay monthly premiums to participate in Part B.
Q2) The most significant expansion of Medicaid since its inception occurred in 1997 and is referred to as A)SCHIP.
B)SHIP.
C)TANF.
D)AFDC.
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Chapter 13: Policies to Contain Costs
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fuchs (1988) static model of cost savings provides little encouragement for the prospects of savings in medical care.He concludes our best chance for controlling costs may be
A)to limit input prices.
B)to improve efficiency in the production of medical care.
C)to reduce medical care utilization.
D)to increase the use of low-priced inputs and reduce the use of high-priced inputs.
E)all of the above are necessary according to Fuchs.
Q2) The most important aspect of the 1983 changes to Medicare that introduced diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) was
A)defining 483 categories of illness for treatment.
B)switching from retrospective to prospective payment for hospitals.
C)setting up maximum hospital stays for certain procedures.
D)requiring physicians to seek second opinions before certain surgical procedures are approved.
E)all of these were important changes to Medicare.
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15
Chapter 14: Medical Care Systems Worldwide
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A recent study of the Canadian health care system estimates that 20 percent of the difference between health care spending in the U.S.and Canada is due to age differences between the two populations.Other reasons for the differences include
A)less access to medical technology in Canada.
B)the hub-and-spoke hospital system in Canada.
C)the monopsony power of the Canadian provincial health plans in negotiating fees with physicians' associations.
D)the fact that there is no large inner-city population in Canada to drive up costs.
E)all of the above.
Q2) Which of the following is not a practice of Japanese physicians.
A)Performing a unusually large number of surgeries.
B)Seeing a large number of patients daily.
C)Dispensing medicine to their patients.
D)Accepting gifts of appreciation from their patients for special service.
E)Discharging patients from the hospital after relative short average stays.
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