Health Sciences Research
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Health Sciences Research is a comprehensive course that introduces students to the fundamental principles and methodologies used in scientific investigations related to health and medicine. The course covers essential topics such as research design, data collection and analysis, ethical considerations in human subjects research, literature review techniques, and critical evaluation of both quantitative and qualitative studies. Students will also gain practical experience in formulating research questions, developing hypotheses, interpreting statistical results, and presenting research findings in written and oral formats. By the end of the course, students will be equipped with the skills necessary to critically appraise health-related literature and contribute to evidence-based practice in a variety of healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Research 8th Edition by Geri
LoBiondoWood
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535 Verified Questions
535 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nursing research is significant to the profession of nursing because it promotes what?
A) More specifically defined nursing practice responsibilities
B) Decreased liability within the practice of nursing
C) Generation of a specialized body of nursing knowledge for use in nursing practice
D) Expansion of the scope of nursing practice into areas formerly reserved for other Disciplines
Answer: C
Q2) Which aspects of the nursing research process are common to nurses at all educational levels? (Select all that apply.)
A) Disseminating research findings in research reports
B) Maintaining the protection of patients who are subjects in a study
C) Using one's expertise to develop theoretical explanations for findings
D) Knowing the relationship between research and nursing practice
E) Being a member of a collaborative team that applies research to practice
Answer: B, D, E
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Chapter 2: Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) Which of these statements is correctly phrased as a clinical question for evidence-based practice?
A) What is the best method to insert an enteral feeding tube in an adult patient?
B) Are there differences in the characteristics of various brands of enteral feeding tubes?
C) In addition to aspiration, what are the most problematic complications of enteral tube feedings?
D) What method of determining stomach placement of enteral feeding tubes helps to prevent aspiration in adult patients?
Answer: D
Q2) A nurse's research question is, "How does maternal employment among health care professionals affect infant health during the first 6 months of life?" In this question, what is the dependent variable?
A) Infant health
B) Maternal employment
C) First 6 months of life
D) Health care professionals
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these factors limits the usefulness of the World Wide Web as a source of information for research consumers?
A) Downloading from the Web can be a slow process.
B) Nontext capabilities reduce the professionalism of presentations.
C) There is little quality control over the information on many websites.
D) Much of the available information is too technical to be understood by the casual reader.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of these electronic databases is the most relevant and frequently used source for nursing literature?
A) MEDLINE
B) CINAHL
C) Cochrane Collaboration
D) National Guideline Clearinghouse
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Theoretical Frameworks for Research
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Q1) How is a model related to a concept or concepts?
A) A model tests conceptual theories.
B) A concept defines the purpose of a model.
C) Relationships between or among concepts are demonstrated in a model.
D) Concepts generate the theoretical basis for knowledge depicted in a model.
Q2) Which statement is an operational definition of a concept?
A) Death anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling on contemplation of one's own death, measured by Templar's Death Anxiety Scale (Templar, 1986).
B) Pain is a pattern of responses to protect the organism from harm (Sternbach, 1979).
C) Maternal identity entails maternal cognitions and affect with regard to the maternal-infant relational system (Walker and Montgomery, 1994).
D) Spirituality is a way of being or experiencing that comes about through an awareness of a transcendent dimension and one's identifiable values with regard to self, other, nature, and whatever one considers to be ultimate (Elkins, 1988).
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) A characteristic of qualitative research data is that they are what?
A) In text form
B) Dichotomous
C) Free of patterns
D) Inappropriate for analysis
Q2) An older adult's description of pain, including descriptors, attributed causes, and what constitutes good care during a painful episode, would be an example of which category of qualitative findings?
A) Restricted by a priori frameworks
B) Descriptive categories
C) Shared pathway or meaning
D) Depiction of experiential variation
Q3) Which of these terms is synonymous with paradigm?
A) Empiricism
B) Worldview
C) Holism
D) Viewpoint
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse planning to conduct a qualitative research study should have which understanding about ethical issues in naturalistic settings?
A) It is not possible to obtain informed consent from study participants.
B) The emerging nature of the research design may require ongoing negotiation of consent.
C) The researcher-participant interaction is intentionally therapeutic in nature.
D) Validation of data by cross-checking research findings with participants taints the study.
Q2) When reviewing the report of a phenomenologic study, the nurse finds there is no section that describes or reports the research question. What approach should be used to determine the research question?
A) Examination of the themes that emerged from the study
B) Examination of the data analysis methods used in the study
C) Examination of the questions or statements posed to the study participants
D) Examination and critical analysis of the articles reported in the literature review
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Chapter 7: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Q1) When critiquing a report of a qualitative research study, the nurse asks, "Is protection of human participants addressed?" This question is critiquing what section of the report?
A) Data analysis
B) Data collection
C) Statement of the phenomenon of interest
D) Conclusions, implications, and recommendations
Q2) Which outcome or overall purpose would be consistent with a qualitative study?
A) Development of creative solutions to practical problems
B) Prediction and control of a human phenomenon
C) Description of behavior within a context-free theoretical framework
D) Use of statistical analyses to determine significant differences between variables
Q3) The identification of themes is important when reviewing findings of a qualitative research report because themes do what?
A) Reflect congruence between the questions asked and the methodology
B) Allow description of a large quantity of data in a condensed format
C) Demonstrate both the emic and etic views of a topic
D) Explain the nature of differences reported by participants experiencing a common phenomenon
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse researcher should consider mortality a threat to the study's internal validity for which of these reasons?
A) There is concern that the intervention may have harmful effects on subjects.
B) Those who dropped out of the study may be different than those who remained in the study.
C) Those who participated in the study may have died as a result of being in the study.
D) There is concern that the design is inappropriate for the study question if a large number of participants drop out of a study.
Q2) When should a nurse researcher include an extraneous variable as part of a study's design?
A) When excluding the variable would limit the study's generalizability
B) When the variable is an important consideration for the study's outcome
C) When the researcher is limited by time or monetary constraints
D) When it would not make a difference in the overall study outcome
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Chapter 9: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups has which of these effects?
A) Minimizes mortality within groups
B) Maximizes variance between groups
C) Decreases systematic bias
D) Increases selection bias
Q2) The nurse is critiquing a research study that involves subjects undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Which finding would meet a criterion for inferring causality between performance of exercise and adaptive behavior of the subjects receiving chemotherapy?
A) Adaptive behavior began before the exercise program was initiated.
B) Adaptive behavior occurred in the control group over time.
C) The level of adaptive behavior increased in direct proportion to an increase in the intensity of the exercise.
D) No difference in adaptive behavior was observed between subjects in the experimental group and subjects in the control group.
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) A nurse researcher will choose to use a developmental study design to do what?
A) Allow comparison of the results of qualitative studies of a phenomenon to the results of quantitative studies of the same phenomenon
B) Allow reanalysis of existing data for a secondary purpose not stated in the original research
C) Allow exploration of the changing nature of relationships between variables over time
D) Allow development or refinement of a tool or instrument
Q2) What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design? (Select all that apply.)
A) Interrelationships of variables
B) Description of variables
C) Assessment of differences between variables
D) Determination of causation
E) Prediction of treatment outcomes
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Chapter 11: Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Sample Questions
Q1) The highest level of evidence is known to be provided by what?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Effect size
D) Integrative review
Q2) What source contains information on studies published in conference proceedings and other sources not available in other databases?
A) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
B) Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects
C) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
D) Cochrane Methodology Register
Q3) ___ implications for research and practice
Q4) ___ analysis of the located studies
Q5) ___ background of the question
Q6) ___ plain language summary
Q7) ___ abstract
Page 13
Q8) ___ methods for selecting studies for review
Q9) ___ objectives of the search
Q11) ___ search methods for finding studies
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) A nurse researcher should be concerned about establishing clear eligibility criteria for inclusion in a study sample because such criteria will do what?
A) Increase the homogeneity of the sample
B) Decrease the homogeneity of the sample
C) Increase the size of the sample
D) Decrease the size of the sample
Q2) Which statement is most accurate regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria?
A) These criteria are not needed when the population being studied is composed of events.
B) These criteria serve to ensure that the characteristics of the sample and the population are congruent.
C) Inclusion criteria are used to define the independent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables.
D) Inclusion criteria are used to define the dependent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define independent variables.
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Chapter 13: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) What basic human right exists when subjects have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty?
A) Right to self-determination
B) Right to anonymity and confidentiality
C) Right to fair treatment
D) Right to protection from discomfort and harm
Q2) The five human rights that are outlined in ANA guidelines include which rights? (Select all that apply.)
A) Right to self-determination
B) Right to privacy and dignity
C) Right to legal consultation
D) Right to anonymity and confidentiality
E) Right to fair treatment
F) Right to protection from discomfort and harm
G) Right to comprehensive medical care
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Chapter 14: Data Collection Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an example of a physiologic measurement?
A) Definition of a type A behavior pattern
B) Description of self-care behavior abilities in patients with dementia
C) Ranges of values on two consecutive arterial blood gas analyses
D) Adjusted scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Scale
Q2) During a research project, the researcher notes that the subject completes each assigned task with a much higher level of performance than he normally exhibits. How should a nurse researcher most accurately describe this change in the subject's behavior?
A) Reactivity
B) Instability
C) Therapeutic
D) Interventionist
Q3) What are some advantages of using physiologic data collection methods? (Select all that apply.)
A) Objectivity
B) Precision
C) Flexibility
D) Inexpensive
E) Sensitivity
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Chapter 15: Reliability and Validity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Testing of a new instrument demonstrates that it has a high degree of internal consistency. What does this indicate to the nurse researcher?
A) The instrument is appropriate to use to measure a single concept.
B) The instrument has low measurement error and high error variance.
C) More refinement of the instrument is necessary before it can be applied.
D) The instrument is valid, but the reliability has yet to be determined.
Q2) An ear temperature probe that consistently reports body temperature at a degree lower than the patient's actual temperature has what type of reliability or validity problem?
A) Reduced reliability, systematic error
B) Reduced validity, random error
C) Increased validity, systematic error
D) Increased validity, random error
Q3) What property is established when the results of two separately administered tests that measure the same domain or concept are highly correlated?
A) Validity
B) Stability
C) Equivalence
D) Homogeneity
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Chapter 16: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
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Q1) Which term represents the most frequent score in a frequency distribution?
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Percentile
Q2) The nurse researcher is interested in having the greatest flexibility possible in choosing statistical procedures. The level of measurement used to achieve this is what?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
Q3) The nurse researcher is using the percentage of nurses holding various nursing degrees as a variable in a research study. Which type of statistics is most appropriate in this case?
A) Inferential statistics
B) Descriptive statistics
C) Nonparametric statistics
D) Mathematical statistics
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Chapter 17: Understanding Research Findings
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Q1) Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to discuss the analysis choices?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q2) Which section of the report will allow the nurse researcher to determine what contribution the study makes to nursing?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Recommendations
D) Methods
Q3) The section of the report in which the nurse researcher determines if the theoretical thinking used was correct is called what?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
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Page 20
Chapter 18: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) This statement was included in a research report: "A positive correlation was found between the variables of self-reported sleep adequacy and performance on the driving simulator (r = 0.21), although the correlation did not reach statistical significance." A research consumer should evaluate this to mean what?
A) No relationship exists between the two variables.
B) The hypothesis was supported by the data presented.
C) The hypothesis was not supported by the data presented.
D) The relationship between the variables is too weak to have practical application.
Q2) Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the review of the literature of a research report?
A) Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions?
B) What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately?
C) How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated?
D) To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability?
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21
Chapter 19: Strategies and Tools for Developing an
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) A nurse researcher reviewing an experimental study notices that one group received the "gold standard" treatment. This should be most accurately interpreted as what?
A) Experimental treatment
B) No treatment
C) Nonconventional treatment
D) Current standard of treatment
Q2) How should the nurse researcher most accurately interpret an odds ratio greater than 1.0?
A) This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B) The event is less likely in the treatment group than the control group.
C) The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than the control group.
D) Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk that would occur anyway.
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) ___ collect data at specified intervals
Q2) For an EBP project to succeed in improving practice, what type of team is warranted? (Select all that apply.)
A) Physician
B) Stakeholder
C) Interdisciplinary team
D) Psychologist
Q3) ___ establish content validity of data collection forms
Q4) Which approach is useful to evaluate an EBP standard after providers have written it?
A) Nursing staff meeting
B) Focus group
C) Patient safety committee
D) Quality improvement committee
Q5) Which question should a nurse researcher consider in identifying key stakeholders?
A) When will system changes be necessary?
B) How will uncooperative stakeholders be handled?
C) What is the step-by-step process of decision making in implementing EBP?
D) Who can influence the decision to proceed with implementation of an EBP?
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Chapter 21: Quality Improvement
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Q1) Improved, consistent, and predictable results
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Q2) People are accountable for own performance
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
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